نشریه اندیشه های نو در علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 7 (بهار 1404)

Sustainable development is one of the key objectives of the tourism industry in any country, and this industry is influenced by economics, politics, and geography, with its development also impacting each region. Sustainable development in tourist areas accelerates the national development process through policies that preserve resources and the environment in each region. The aim of this research is to examine the role of urban policy in selecting top tourist regions and evaluating the criteria and capabilities of tourist destinations in the city of Mahshahr. The analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) model and a likert scale questionnaire were used in this research. Firstly, the questionnaires were distributed and their data were analyzed. After obtaining the compatibility of the criteria, the weights of each criterion and option were determined and then analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that among the factors of gravity, value, distance, and selected demand for tourism in the study area, the demand criterion has been assigned the highest weight (0.54) and the attraction criterion has been assigned the lowest weight (0.06) in tourism. Furthermore, the final ranking of selected tourist areas in Mahshahr has shown that bandar imam Khomeini and Aram Park Lake, with scores of 0/354 and 0/29 respectively, are ranked first and second in priority, while the historical city of Esk is ranked seventh in a lower position. Therefore, making informed decisions based on tourism criteria has a significant impact on economic activities, and the demand criterion has a more significant impact on regional tourism development.

Drought is a complex meteorological phenomenon that depends on several environmental factors. This phenomenon is a common natural disaster that is recognized as one of the ydrological, agricultural, and economic concerns of humanity. In this study, ecological, hsatellite data and Google Earth Engine were used to investigate the drought phenomenon in I, West Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve this research goal, four indices, namely SPyear period from satellite images -23NDVI, VCI, and TCI, were selected and utilized for a images were used for the NDVI, VCI, and TCI 526In this study, . 2022 to 2000of the years ch results showed images were used to calculate the SPI index. The resear 8081indices, and that severe and moderate droughts were experienced in most parts of the province in the Additionally, various levels of drought . 2022and , 2021, 2017, 2015, 2008, 2000 years , 2006, 2002ince in the years existed in the central, northern, and southern parts of the prov 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , Moreover, normal conditions were observed in all areas of . 2019and and 2014to 2012and from , 2007, 2005, 2004, 2001the province in the years 2016. t the VCI and SPI indices were the Comparing the results of the indices, it can be stated thamost sensitive indices for drought identification in the West Azerbaijan province, as they were able to effectively identify different types of droughts. Furthermore, the NDVI index, for drought identification, can indicate a decrease in due to its relatively good sensitivityvegetation cover during drought years. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that West Azerbaijan province is at risk of drought.

In the past, the boundaries of an urban neighborhood were determined by ethnic, racial, class, and group differences, as well as natural divisions and geomorphological differences (such as the presence of a river, waterway, etc.). Each neighborhood in a city has its own cultural identity, and when hearing the name of a neighborhood, the characteristics of its residents, in terms of occupation, wealth, and prevailing temperament, would immediately come to mind. However, in contemporary cities with the population explosion of the past century, which disrupted the old traditional living systems, the concept of neighborhood has undergone a change, and new interpretations have taken its place. Unlike the past, when neighborhoods were formed based on ethnic, racial, religious, and other shared characteristics, modern neighborhoods are often shaped by economic factors and occupational similarities (e.g., government employee neighborhoods). This leads to a diversity of opinions and tastes within these neighborhoods, resulting in a lack of consensus among residents. This research, conducted using a combination of documentary and field methods, involved distributing 380 questionnaires to residents of Neighborhood 49 in Zahedan. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. Although 61% of residents expressed satisfaction with living in the neighborhood, numerous problems were identified, including a shortage of trash cans and littering, poor road conditions, and dilapidated land used as garbage dumps. The most significant demand among residents was for increased green spaces, followed by a lack of recreational and sports facilities, inadequate sidewalks, and the absence of a proper sewage system.

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its relations with Afghanistan, Iran's neighbor, are important both geopolitically and in terms of politics, also economics, and culture. Based on this, Afghanistan is a country that should be considered in Iran's foreign policy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the challenges and opportunities in Iran's foreign policy towards Afghanistan, especially considering the recent occurrences in this country. This article is a descriptive-analytical study. The research method and materials are qualitative, and also note-taking was used to gather information. The results show that among the challenges of Iran's foreign policy towards Afghanistan, we can mention insecurity and instability resulting from the Taliban's dominance, which causes events such as the increasing wave of Afghan migration, the presence of terrorist groups like ISIS, the need to manage relations with other regional leaders, and ethnic and religious issues. At the same time, there are opportunities such as the possibility of economic and commercial cooperation, playing a positive role in reducing tensions and peace processes, border management, expanding political influence, and strengthening regional cooperation. Therefore, to take advantage of these opportunities and address the challenges, Iran needs a comprehensive and balanced strategy in its foreign policy. In this regard, emphasis should be placed on important challenges such as the uncertain future of how the Taliban will deal with Afghan Shias and the tension over the hari rud River, as well as opportunities such as the Islamic Republic's cooperation with China and Russia in Afghanistan and economic relations with this country. Overall, it can be said that the history of relations between the Islamic Republic and Afghanistan can influence the foreign policies of both countries, considering the Taliban's regime in this country.

The aim of the current research is to examine Turkey's foreign policy in the South Caucasus in interaction and confrontation with Russia. The main question is, what effects have the relations between Russia and Turkey had on the political equations of the South Caucasus? The main hypothesis is that a set of political and security factors such as differences in foreign policy orientation, regional conflicts, geopolitical rivalries, neo-Eurasian thinking in Russia's foreign policy, and the doctrine of nuclear weapons. Negeri in Turkey's foreign policy has led to the divergence of political relations between Russia and Turkey in the region. And this issue has led to the formation of balance-oriented alignments in the South Caucasus region. In this research, the theory of the security group of the Bozan cargo area has been used as a theoretical framework and the descriptive-analytical method has been used as the main research method.The findings of the research show that the Caucasian countries entered the regional and global strategic spectrums without their will. The two countries of Russia and Turkey, with their ancient and different history and civilization, have great potential for cooperation in various economic, political, cultural and social fields, but for the last time they are under the shadow of intense ideological, political and military competition.

The rapid growth of urban populations worldwide, especially in developing countries, poses a significant challenge for governments and planning organizations. In recent decades, among various urban growth patterns, the pattern of sprawling growth has become the dominant spatial development trend in many countries. This study aims to diagnose the pathological sprawl and horizontal expansion of the Ahvaz metropolis. This research is applied and uses an analytical-descriptive method. The data collection method in this research is library-documentary and survey-based. The COCOSO multi-criteria decision-making technique was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the COCOSO method showed that districts 1 and 8 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation B and a final weight of 0.942 in the COCOSO test, have the most favorable conditions. Districts 2 and 6 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation D and a final weight of 0.491, have the least favorable conditions and the least impact among other areas compared to the study components. In conclusion, considering the negative consequences of sprawl and to achieve sustainable development and a sustainable urban form, a compact growth pattern is proposed as the future development pattern of the city.