نشریه اقتصاد شهری
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

Nowadays, urban transportation is one of the most important issues and challenges in urban economics. The development of cities and the emergence of phenomena such as population density, traffic, air pollution, and so on, have made obvious the necessity of using new, inclusive, and cost-effective technologies in the field of urban transportation services. In this regard, this paper models the demand for ride-sourcing for inner-city trips in Tabriz City. Our model is based on the Lancaster demand theory using the hedonic price function and cost analysis method. We estimated the ride-sourcing choice probability for inner-city trips by applying the logit discrete choice method. The results obtained from the estimation of the ride-sourcing taxi demand model have shown the sensitivity of passengers to the time costs of traveling with this type of taxi. Also, the results of demand analysis show that the decrease in trip velocity due to city traffic causes to increase in demand for ride-sourcing.

Unemployment is one of the most important issues in all countries around the world. An increase in the number of unemployed in any society will cause many problems. Due to the high importance of the issue of unemployment, in many researches, the correct recognition and deep understanding of the factors affecting unemployment to reduce it has been considered. The current research collects data related to the Population and Housing Census 2016 of the Statistical Center of Iran. In these data, the economically active population and the number of unemployed, aged 15 years old or above are categorized by gender and different levels of education in Iran counties. The aim pursued during this research is the spatial modeling of the number of unemployed in counties of Iran, based on gender and education as covariates. To achieve this goal, the Bayesian approach and a method called “integrated nested Laplace approximation” or INLA for short, have been used. After fitting the appropriate spatial model, the coefficients of covariates have been estimated. The obtained results show that women's unemployment is higher than men's, and unemployment has also increased with the increase of education level compared to illiteracy. Finally, the spatial effects of the counties have been estimated and the counties with the highest and the lowest risk of unemployment, as well as the counties that have no significant difference with the average unemployment of the country, have been identified.

Investment attraction and fostering investor engagement represent critical focal points for national and local governments. In recent years, interdisciplinary fields such as behavioral economics have explored novel approaches to understanding investment attraction and its associated challenges. Traditional economic analyses often fail to capture the complexities of investor decision-making due to methodological limitations and unrealistic assumptions. Behavioral economics research illuminates the presence of cognitive biases that individuals exhibit when entering investment projects, many of which are predictable. These findings present fresh opportunities for gaining deeper insights into investor behavior and optimizing policies related to investment attraction. Accordingly, this study aims to identify behavioral factors and cognitive biases influencing urban investment attraction, offering valuable insights for municipal planners nationwide. The study adopts an applied research design, utilizing a survey methodology. The targeted population in 2023, includes employees of municipal investment organizations, professionals in investment-related sectors, researchers specializing in investment studies, and experienced investors. The sample size was determined based on Morgan's table, with 105 participants selected through random sampling. The research findings highlight that cognitive biases, namely overconfidence, framing effect, loss aversion, optimism, regret aversion, and halo effect, exert the most substantial influence on investors' choices and decision-making processes. By delving into behavioral economics, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the cognitive biases that shape investor behavior in urban investment projects. The implications derived from these findings hold immense value for municipal planners, enabling them to devise more effective strategies to attract investors and optimize investment policies.

In this comparative study, an attempt has been made to compare the population and several related indicators at the global and continental levels with population indicators and the position of Iran. This descriptive-analytical study used various sources such as books, articles, research reports, and related documents. The study evaluated the country's population outlook by analyzing birth and death rates, fertility rates, age structure, and migration patterns. T-tests and chi-square tests were employed to examine these variables in comparison with statistical data from other countries. Furthermore, population growth rates were compared between the country and continents such as Europe, Asia, and America, and the consistency among these rates was analyzed. While the country's urbanization rate has shown a steady increase over the past sixty years, rising from 31.4% in 1956 to 74% in 2015, this growth has been primarily concentrated in a few large metropolitan areas, especially Tehran. This trend is likely to persist, exacerbating the population density of metropolitan areas. The imbalanced growth of population and density, particularly in Tehran and a few other major cities, poses a significant challenge. It is therefore recommended that all national planning efforts be focused on mitigating this imbalance.

Nowadays, industrial tourism, especially visiting old factories, is one of the markets with special tourism interests, which will not only create an opportunity to preserve the tangible and intangible industrial heritage but also provide additional income for the factory by turning a part of the factory into an industrial heritage site and it will be a strategy for the factory to get out of the single - product economy. Old silos are one of the industrial-agricultural architectural heritages some of which are still in use today and will be abandoned if they are not turned into a suitable use. Old silos contain great historical, educational, and industrial values. One of these silos is the old silo of Isfahan, which is the case study of the present study. This research pursues the following two goals: 1) to discover suitable solutions to preserve old silos as an architectural and industrial-agricultural heritage based on previous studies, and 2) to identify sustainable change land uses for obsolete industrial space of the old silos of Isfahan City. The current research is exploratory-applied and uses the systematic review method. The data collection tools were articles, books, newspapers, and websites. The findings of the research illustrated that old silos in the world are used for tourism (museum, rural and industrial heritage site to promote industrial tourism, and artistic tourism center) and non-tourism (social and cultural centers, sports halls, and multipurpose warehouses). In addition, the results of the qualitative comparative analysis of the old silo of Isfahan with other old silos of the world and Iran indicated that turning the obsolete industrial space of the old silos of Isfahan city into an eco-museum of bread and wheat or an industrial-agricultural heritage site for the promotion of industrial tourism is the most suitable change land use. Regarding this, using color performance and painting in the landscape of the old silo is a strategy to attract more visitors and tourists.