مجله سلامت جامعه
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1403)

Alopecia areata is the reason why 2-3% of skin patients refer to skin and hair centers. Also, the findings indicate the role of emotional self-regulation in the etiology and persistence of psychological injuries, especially in skin patients. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy on emotional self-regulation in patients with alopecia areata.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included all patients with alopecia areata who referred to specialized skin and hair centers in Tehran in 2023 (178 people); out of which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups of 15 people. In addition to the demographic information checklist, the Mars’ Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire was used to collect information. Therapeutic interventions were applied during 9 90- minute sessions for the experimental groups. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy improved the scores of cognitive (η=0.256 & F=7.77), behavioral (η=0.295 & F=8.99), change of position (η=0.173 & F-4.50), emotional change (η=0.303 & F=9.33), negative (η=0.234 & F=6.57), and positive mood (η=0.289 & F=8.75) in patients with alopecia areata compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, no statistically significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two intervention methods (p>0.05).

According to the results, active specialists in the field of alopecia areata can consider the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy in the emotional self-regulation recovery of these people, along with other treatments.

Maladjusted couples have many marital problems and couple therapy methods can play an effective role in reducing their problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples. The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was maladjusted couples who referred to counseling and psychological services centers and clinics of Ahvaz City in the autumn of 2023 (approximately 250 couples). The sample size for each group was considered 12 couples, and these couples were selected by purposive sampling method. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes under couple therapy based on mindfulness and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using Marital Adjustment, Marital Trust, and Marital Life Quality Scales and analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate analysis of covariance. According to chi-square test results, there wasn’t any significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of education level, age, and marriage duration (p>0.05). Also, according to multivariate analysis of covariance results, couple therapy based on mindfulness led to an increase in marital trust (F=227.22, p<0.001) and marital life quality (F=167.65, p<0.001) in maladjusted couples. Considering the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on increasing marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use this method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics in vulnerable groups.

Hypertension is a disease that, in addition to biological factors, psychological factors also play a role in it, and suffering from it has many psychological and health consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing positive psychotherapy with cognitive-analytical therapy on anger rumination and its components in hypertensive patients.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and a control group with 3-month follow-up. All patients suffering from high blood pressure in the first 6 months of 2023 at Laleh Hospital in Tehran (218 people) formed the statistical population of the study, out of which 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups of 15. To collect data, along with the demographic information checklist-form made by the researcher, Sukhodolsky’s Anger Rumination Scale was also used. Intervention was respectively applied for participants in positive therapy and cognitive-analytical therapy sessions according to Seligman et al.'s and Ryle et al.'s protocols during 8 sessions. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA

The scores of anger rumination (η=0.63, F=89.48) and anger afterthoughts (η=0.25, F=9.71), thoughts of revenge (η=0.47, F=25.15), anger memories (η=0.32, F=13.55), and understanding of causes (η=0.46, F=24.59) in the test groups in the post-test stage significantly improved compared to the control group and, this improvement remained stable in the follow-up stage (p<0.05). Also, the results of Benferroni's post hoc test showed no significant difference between the two treatment approaches in terms of effectiveness (p>0.05).

Both treatment approaches had a positive effect on reducing anger rumination indices in hypertensive patients. It is suggested to use more exercises derived from these approaches in planning rehabilitation and therapeutic interventions to improve the emotional-behavioral performance of these patients.

Evidence-based practice is the use of the best scientific findings in clinical decisions and plays an important role in improving the quality of nursing care. But it faces challenges. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges of evidence-based practice.

The current review study was conducted using the Broome 2000 method. Key words “evidence-based practice, evidence-based practice barriers and challenges, and evidence-based nursing” were searched in Persian databases (SID, Magiran, IranMedex, and Irandoc) and English databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar). After obtaining 173 articles, 164 articles were excluded due to lack of inclusion criteria, and finally 9 articles were included in the study.

The findings confirmed that it is impossible to hope for the use of evidence at the desired level and showed several challenges that were classified in 6 areas: mismatch of organizational strategies, human, educational, research, cultural factors, and resources and equipment.

It seems that these obstacles cannot be prioritized because their impact can be different in different regions of the country. But they can be identified by looking carefully in each area. Therefore, being aware of these challenges, the officials will be able to find their roots and take action to solve them so that they can take steps towards improving the health of the society.

Suicide, is the second leading cause of death among college students and is a hot public health issue in community. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of suicide prevention education program based on post-admission cognitive therapy on reducing tendency to suicide and intent to suicide in female students of Shahrekord Uuniversities in 2021.

This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental design with pretest, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The population of this study includes all female undergraduate students of Shahrekord universities in 2020 year (a total of 20569 student). 40 female students among these students were selected using voluntary sampling method and according to include of exclude criteria to research, and were randomly assigned in the control (n = 20) and experimental (n = 20) groups. Participants in the experimental group participated in six ninety-minute weekly sessions of suicide prevention education program based on post-admission cognitive therapy, and Participants in the control group participated only in one session of suicide prevention education program. Also, Participants in both two group were assessed in the three stage of pre-test, post-test and follow-up using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (mixed) statistical method and SPSS-22 Statistical Software Package for social science.

The results indicated that suicide prevention education program based on post-admission cognitive therapy reduced tendency to suicide (F = 44.09, p < 0.001) and intent to suicide (F = 47.22, p < 0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

According to research results and its positive effect this educational program in reduce suicidal ideations can be used of its results in universities counseling centers to prevent of suicide in students.

The problems in the area of ​​communication and social skills of autistic children and the interaction problems that most of these children face in their daily life, clarify the need for research and increased attention in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the philosophical exploration circle based on Lippmann's theory on autistic behaviors and social skills of autistic children.

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population included all autistic children in the educational and rehabilitation centers of Mashhad in 2022 (n=600). Among them, 30 children were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in intervention and control groups (15 people in each group). Gilliam's Autism Questionnaire was used to collect data. The intervention group received the Philosophical Exploration Circle training course based on Lippmann's theory during 11 45-minute sessions (one session per week) as a group, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the research data.

The results indicated that the philosophical exploration loop training has improved stereotypic behaviors, movement disorders and strange behaviors, verbal and non-verbal communication, and social interactions of autistic children in the post-test stage (p≤0.001).

The results of the present study showed that the circle of philosophical exploration is an effective method to control autistic behaviors and increase the social skills of autistic children, and it can be used as an effective method.

Loss is one of the most difficult and stressful events that a person can experience, and losing a child is the most difficult. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the meaning of life and death anxiety of bereaved mothers..

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population was all women aged 30 to 50 who lost a child due to suicide, who referred to Imam Reza and Sina Hospitals in Tabriz in 2023. A number of 30 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy during 8 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. The research tools were the Meaning of Life Questionnaire by Steger and the Death Anxiety Scale by Templer. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

In comparison to the control group, intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy increased the meaning of life of bereaved mothers in the post-test (p<0.001) and decreased their death anxiety (p<0.001). The treatment effect was permanent in the follow-up phase on the meaning of life (p<0.001) and death anxiety (p<0.001) variables. The effect of this treatment on the meaning of life and death anxiety in the post-test and follow-up stages was similar.

It seems that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy improves the meaning of life and reduces the death anxiety of bereaved mothers. Therefore, it can probably be a useful treatment to reduce psychological problems and create a meaning for life in bereaved mothers.