نشریه امنیت انتظامی دریایی
پیاپی 55 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of this research is to examine the discourse and laws based on the fight against financial and economic crimes in the customs area with an emphasis on criminal and legislative policies. This research is based on practical purpose. Throughout history, Iran's customs have always played a prominent role in the economy and politics in the country, so that even now, after oil and tax revenues, customs revenues are considered the third largest revenue of the government. This organization is a part of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and is On the other hand, because of its very high profitability, it has always been attractive to profiteers. Therefore, the adoption of comprehensive laws is necessary to block the way of any profiteering, but unfortunately, in recent years, we have found out by examining statistics and evidence due to legal loopholes and high talent. Criminals in this area and their use of advanced and new tools and facilities in this area have been more and more involved in bitter incidents. In this research, the criminal-legislative policy and discourse of the legislator from the angle of criminalization and the mechanisms of fighting against crimes and customs violations will be examined and after that effective solutions to reduce financial and economic crimes in the customs area will be introduced.

The optimal route plan for emergency evacuation is actually a plan that provides the best and safest route for the evacuation of citizens with limited financial and human resources. For this purpose, according to interviews with competent people and experts, 4 scenarios were considered for the emergency evacuation routes of Bushehr city. The research method is based on the descriptive-analytical method and nature, and it is also practical based on the goal. The statistical community of the research includes experts and experts in the field of urban and passive defense in the municipality, university professors, government managers and experts in the field of urban construction. 20 questionnaires were distributed among all experts.There are eight criteria for prioritizing emergency evacuation routes, including population density around the route, proximity to dangerous factors, route width, distance from open spaces and shelters, distance from medical and rescue centers, distance from police and law enforcement centers, visibility by cameras. Urban monitoring and route length have been used. In order to compare the emergency evacuation route options, maps prepared from Bushehr GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice software were used. The results indicate that the most important indicator is the length of the emergency evacuation route with a score of 0.175.Also, the index of proximity to accident-causing factors is in the second category and the presence of rescue centers in the third category. Regarding the options, it can be acknowledged that the preference of option three is slightly

Maritime terrorism is one of the serious and complex threats that challenge global security. This type of terrorism carries out violent attacks with the aim of creating terror and disrupting maritime transport، international trade and coastal security. The need to deal with these threats at the international level is of great importance due to its wideranging effects. Coordinated and effective international actions، including the adoption of international laws and conventions، information exchange and multilateral cooperation، are necessary to prevent the spread and continuation of this type of terrorism. Therefore، the current research entitled "Combating maritime terrorism from the perspective of international law" has comprehensively investigated issues related to this issue with a descriptive-library approach. In this research، various issues such as the criminalization of maritime terrorism in international conventions، the nature of the crime of maritime terrorism and the jurisdiction of governments to combat it، the actions of international organizations in dealing with maritime terrorism and the international obligations of governments to prevent and suppress maritime terrorism are analyzed and investigated. has taken. The results of the research show that effectively dealing with maritime terrorism requires strengthening international laws، increasing coordination and cooperation between governments and international organizations، and effective implementation of international commitments. By providing scientific and practical solutions، this research can help to improve international efforts in the field of dealing with maritime terrorism.

The purpose of writing this research is to evaluate the role and readiness of Iran's international police in tracking international criminals.

The current research is an applied research and its method is a survey. The statistical population of the study is the commanders and managers of the first level of police command of Mazandaran province, 40 of whom have been selected using the full number. In order to collect data, the researcher-made questionnaire of Iran's international police preparedness and the researcher-made questionnaire of tracking international criminals were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula of 0.78 and 0.86, respectively. In order to inferential analysis of the data obtained from measurement tools, spss software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used.

The findings show that the preparation of Iran's international police has a positive and significant effect in tracking international criminals. Also, the components of the role of the international police (Interpol) (interaction with the international police of other countries, use of police tools and facilities) have a positive and significant effect in tracking international criminals. According to Friedman's test, the highest average was allocated to the use of police tools and facilities, and finally, the interaction with the international police of other countries.

Educational, military, and law enforcement institutions are ideal settings for implementing programs to enhance employees' physical fitness. This study aimed to develop a model for improving the physical fitness of operational police units in Bushehr, focusing on the region's geographical and natural conditions.

This applied, developmental study employed a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative phase involved purposive sampling of senior officials in the physical training and operational units of the Bushehr police, alongside sports science experts. The sample reached theoretical saturation after semi-structured interviews with 21 participants, using the snowball technique. In the quantitative phase, 239 operational police officers in Bushehr in 1212 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via interviews and a researcher-designed questionnaire. MAXQDA was used for qualitative data analysis, while SPSS was employed for demographic analysis.

The analysis identified 662 concepts, grouped into 77 subcategories across six main dimensions: budget allocation, sports infrastructure and equipment, collaboration with sports organizations, use of coaches, diet and nutrition, and planning and training.

The proposed model for enhancing physical fitness in Bushehr police units emphasized key components such as physical strength, performance, flexibility, endurance, balance and coordination, sportsmanship, and health. Fitness indicators included muscular and cardiovascular fitness, respiratory health, physical and mental wellbeing, nutritional health, environment, and type of exercise.

the "judicial procedure" in the world's major legal systems has a different significance and is also considered as a source of law in the international system. The main question of the present research is that the judicial procedure of the International Court of Justice conflicts with Article 59 of the Statute? The main purpose of this study is to investigate the conflict of judicial procedure of the International Court of Justice with Article 59 of the Statute. It can be concluded that Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice refers to "international judicial decisions" and considers these decisions to be an underlying factor for the observance of international legal rules. When the United Nations member states decided to establish a permanent court after the founding of a community of nations, it should be determined that the court should invoke the rules for settling disputes. As a result, the Jurist's Advisory Committee set out detailed articles 38 of the Statute after detailed discussions, according to which three sources of contract, custom, and general principles of law were the main sources of direct and judicial decisions and doctrines as subsidiaries in the adoption of legal rules. The article does not state the source, these are merely considered as cases in which the court will enforce it. But what is certain is that the Tribunal makes a direct reference to the original sources, so the use of the term "source" seems to be correct. The research method is descriptive-analytical.