فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 75 (پاییز 1403)

Academic Buoyancy, feeling of belonging to school and academic self-concept are important factors in the field of education that can affect the academic progress of students in various ways. The purpose of predicting academic progress was based on academic vitality, enthusiasm for School, sense of belonging to school with the mediation of academic self-concept in students. The research method was correlation and structural equation model. The statistical population of The research was female students of the second year of elementary school in Tehran in the Academic year of 1401-1402. The research sample was 308 students who were selected by Multi-stage cluster sampling method. Students completed the questionnaires of Dehghanizadeh And Chari's academic vitality (2013), sense of belonging to the school of Barry, Betty and Watt (2004), enthusiasm for the school of Wang, Wilt and Eccles (2011) and academic self-concept Of Yesen Chen (2004); And the academic progress was determined based on the average of the Previous semester of the students. Data analysis was done in the form of path analysis with AMOS software. The results showed that the relationship between feeling of belonging to the School and academic self-concept and academic achievement was not significant. The total path Coefficient between academic vitality and academic achievement and the total path coefficient Between enthusiasm for school and academic achievement were significant.

The study aimed to identify the orientations of mathematics teachers in the first grade of middle school in tabriz city to the learning components, learner, and teaching methods in educational theories. The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population consisted of 320 mathematics teachers in the middle school in the five regions of Tabriz city in the academic year of 1399-1400. Sampling was done random by class using Karjesi and Morgan's table and the sample size was determined as 175 people. The data collection tool was the SCHIRO (2008) Curriculum Ideologies questionnaire, which was validated by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using Friedman test. The findings showed that mathematics teachers in the learning component tended to the educational theory and curriculum of social reconstruction. In the learner component to the learner-centered theory, and the teaching-learning methods component to the scholar academic theory.

This study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of parent-child relationship training based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy on children's self-esteem. This study was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included the students in the first year of high school in one district of Tabriz in the academic year 2020-2021 and their mothers. According to the purpose of the study, 63 mothers were selected as available statistical samples and randomly divided into three groups of 21 people (two experimental groups and one control group) and 63 students, the children of the same mothers, were placed in the experimental and control groups following their mothers.Mothers of one of the experimental groups received educational intervention based on acceptance and commitment, and the other group received cognitive-behavioral therapy using the relevant educational package during 10 sessions of 90 minutes for 10 weeks. Children's self-esteem was measured using the Heyer Self-Esteem Scale (HSS). The results showed that parent-child relationship training based on acceptance and commitment (F=115.74, P<0/01) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (F=75.43, P<0/01) were effective on children's self-esteem. The results showed that the educational intervention based on acceptance and commitment had a higher effectiveness than the cognitive-behavioral method with a significant difference (P<0/05 ). As a result, parent-child relationship education interventions with the help of techniques based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy with priority therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be used to increase and promote children's self-esteem.

The present study was conducted to developing a comprehensive package of educational-psychological empowerment based on the lived experience of adolescent girls in divorced families and investigating its effectiveness on their subjective well-being and emotional regulation. The research method was qualitative, phenomenological-descriptive, and the research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The The statistical population consisted of adolescent divorced girls in the first year of high school in Rasht city in the academic year of 2022-2023. In the qualitative part, the sample consisted of 20 adolescent divorced girls were purposefully selected and subjected to semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, in this research 27 adolescent were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (14 adolescent in the experimental and 13 adolescent in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received the package of educational-psychological empowerment during 10 weeks in 10 90-minute sessions. Pre-test was performed before the intervention and post-test was performed after the intervention. Two months later, the follow-up phase was carried out. The applied questionnaire in this study included Subjective Well-Being Scale (Butler, Kern, 2016) and emotional regulation Questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that the comprehensive package of educational-psychological empowerment has sufficient content validity according to experts. Also, this training package had an impact on the subjective well-being (P<0001) and emotional regulation (P<0001) of adolescent divorced girls. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the comprehensive educational-psychological empowerment package focusing on self-awareness, self-efficacy, how to manage anger, taking advantage of spirituality and creating motivation can be an efficient method to improve the subjective well-being and emotional regulation of adolescent divorced girls should be used.

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, basic psychological needs, and addiction to social networks among adolescents. The study employed a correlational research design, and the statistical population consisted of all teenagers studying at the second secondary level in Tehran city during the academic year of 2022-2023. A sample of 226 individuals was selected using an available sampling method. Data collection involved the use of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Addiction to Mobile-based Social Networks Scale (AMQBSN). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. The findings revealed significant relationships between anxiety and addiction to social networks, cognitive regulation of emotion and addiction to social networks, and basic psychological needs and addiction to social networks among adolescents. Furthermore, anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, and basic psychological needs were found to predict addiction to social networks among teenagers (p > 0.05). In conclusion, anxiety, cognitive regulation of emotion, and basic psychological needs are important factors contributing to addiction to social networks among teenagers. Adolescents with high levels of anxiety, inconsistent cognitive emotion regulation, and unmet basic psychological needs are at a higher risk of developing social network addiction. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of more effective prevention and treatment programs targeting social network addiction among adolescents.

A large number of students around the world have experienced the death of one or both parents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral training on the adjustment and anger of students who experienced bereavement. The statistical population was the students who experienced bereavement in Shahrood city in the academic year 2018-2019, from which a sample of 30 students was selected by purposive sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (n=15). Questionnaire participants they completed Spielberger's (1999) anger control and Sinha and Singh's (1993) adaptability questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test stages. Cognitive behavioral intervention was held in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive behavioral training had a significant effect on the sub-scales of adjustment (emotional, social and academic adjustment) and anger control components (state anger, trait anger, occurrence of anger and anger control) in the post-test stage. The amount of this effect according to the squared of eta coefficient for emotional adjustment was 0.26, social adjustment 0.26, academic adjustment 0.22, state anger 0.32, trait anger 0.46, anger occurrence 0.31 and anger control 0. 37 (p<0.01).  Cognitive behavioral intervention for children with bereavement experience by correcting negative thoughts and beliefs helps to reduce mental rumination and increases their level of adjustment. Also, these students with learning Anger management skills teach how to deal with and control the psychological stress that comes from the experience of bereavement.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based parenting on parent-child interaction and impulsivity of students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems. The statistical population included students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems who were studying in the first period of secondary school in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Islamshahr city. In this research, 35 students with externalized emotional-behavioral problems were selected by purposeful sampling (according to the criteria for entering the research) and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 students in the experimental group and 17 students in the control group). The parents of the students in the experimental group received the acceptance and commitment based parenting intervention during eight weeks in eight 90-minute sessions. Children and Adolescents Behavioral- Emotional Inventory (CABEA), Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PCIQ) and Impulsivity Questionnaire (IQ) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that acceptance and commitment based parenting has significant effect on the parent-child interaction (p<0001, Eta=0.53, F=37.42) and impulsivity (p<0001, Eta= 0.66, F=64.20) in the students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems. According to the findings of the present study, acceptance and commitment based parenting can be used as an efficient method to increase parent-child interaction and decrease impulsivity of students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems through employing Cognitive flexibility and familiarity of parents with psychological privacy and demarcation between parent and child, inappropriate control methods and ineffective and irrational beliefs and principles.

The present study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between cognitive-obsessional beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. 315 students from University of Tabriz were randomly selected and responded to the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OCCWG) and the Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (OCI-R) by Foa et al. Datawere analyzed by path analysis. Results showed that 1) the effect of feeling too much responsibility on the symptoms of obsession with checking, and obsession with thought is significant. 2) The effect of overestimation of risk on the symptoms of checking obsession and intellectual obsession was significant. 3) The effect of the inability to tolerate ambiguous conditions on the symptoms of inspection obsession was significant. 4) The effect of the importance of thoughts on the symptoms of checking obsession and thought obsession was significant. 5) The effect of thought control on the symptoms of obsessive thoughts and obsession with symmetry/order was significant. These findings have practical implications in clinical settings that are discussed.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic procrastination, academic vitality, and academic burnout among high school students, with the mediating role of academic self-regulation. The research method was descriptive, correlational, and based on structural equation modeling (SEM). In this study, the statistical population consisted of all male 10th-grade students an Urmia city high schools in the academic year 2023-2024. Among these, 420 were selected as the research sample using cluster sampling. The study population included all tenth-grade male students in Urmia City, Iran. A total of 420 students were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using four self-report questionnaires: the Academic Burnout Scale (ABS), Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (ASRQ), Academic Vitality Scale (AVS) (Dehghani-zadeh & Hosseini Chari, 2012), and Academic Procrastination Scale (APS). The results indicated a significant positive relationship between academic procrastination and academic burnout (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant negative relationship between academic vitality and academic burnout (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that academic self-regulation mediated the relationship between academic procrastination and academic burnout, as well as between academic vitality and academic burnout (p<0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that academic self-regulation is an important factor that should be considered in the relationship between academic procrastination, vitality, and burnout. Students with low academic self-regulation are more likely to experience academic burnout because of high academic procrastination and low academic vitality.

The purpose of this study was to comparing effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on externalized and internalized shame in people with social anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of the present study was all patients with social anxiety disorder in Tehran city in winter year 2024. In the first stage, the number of 45 patients with a score of 19 and above on the social anxiety disorder scale was selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 people) and one control group (15 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data social anxiety inventory (SPIN) of Connor and et al (2000), the other as shamer scale (AOS) of Goss and et al (1994) and internalized shame scale (ISS) of Cook and et al (1988).  Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni. The results of the study showed that of both interventions had a significant effect on externalized and internalized shame in people with social anxiety disorder (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused therapy is more effective (P<0.05). It can be concluded that that, in addition effectiveness of both treatments, the priority of use in the treatment of problems patients with social anxiety disorder is with emotion-focused therapy.

The role of early maladaptive schemas in the domain of cut and rejection in predicting childhood psychological maltreatment. in students of Boali Sina University, Hamedan. The present study is a basic-descriptive correlational research. 373 students (131 men, 242 women) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling among the students of Bo Ali Sina University in Hamedan. The research tools included Yang and Brown's (2005) early maladaptive schema questionnaires and Coates and Mesman-Moore's (2014) psychological maltreatment. For data analysis, descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as multiple regression were used in SPSS software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological maltreatment and the early maladaptive schemas in the field of detachment and rejection. The results of the regression analysis also showed that 43% of the variance of childhood psychological maltreatment is predicted by the schemas of the field of detachment and rejection. Also, among the components of the early maladaptive schemas in the field of detachment and rejection, emotional deprivation and isolation schemas significantly predict childhood psychological maltreatment with β = 0.457 and β = 0.230, respectively (P<0/05). Therefore, childhood psychological maltreatment is related to early maladaptive schemas, and in order to inform parents, it is necessary to train parents on correct parenting methods by related centers.

Old age is one of the sensitive periods of life in which various dimensions of a person's life, including physical, cognitive, emotional and psychological, undergo changes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive mindfulness training and health promoting lifestyle training on health resilience and psychological flexibility of the elderly. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among the elderly living in the nursing homes of the 5th district of Tehran in 2022, 45 elderly people were included in the study by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into three groups (15 people) to be tested and replaced as controls. The research tools included questionnaires of health resilience (Gibhardt, 2001) and psychological flexibility (Bond et al., 2011). Positive mindfulness intervention and health-enhancing lifestyle training were conducted in 8 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups; But for the control group, no intervention was applied. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS version 19 software. The results showed that positive mindfulness training on psychological flexibility (p<0.001, Eta=29, F=19.82) and health-promoting lifestyle on health stubbornness (p<0.001, Eta=29, F=19.26) are effective for the elderly. has had more Based on the findings of the health promoting lifestyle research by adjusting the lifestyle and maintaining responsibility towards physical and psychological health and positive mindset focusing on the facts and paying attention to the here and now and not denying various problems can be an effective method to increase Health tenacity and psychological flexibility of the elderly should be used.

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon and represents a delay in academic activities, which is related to several factors, and is one of the challenges that most students face during their studies, which can affect various aspects of life. their personal and social influence. The purpose of the present study is to explain the perception and attitude towards procrastination and strategies to deal with it in students. This research was carried out in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. The statistical population included Persian Gulf University students studying in the academic year 2023-2024. First, the prevalence of procrastination among students was analyzed and students whose scores were higher than 2 standard deviations from the average were identified as procrastinators. The tool of data collection is semi-structured interviews, and in order to collect information, interviews were conducted with 22 students using the purposeful sampling method. Data analysis was done in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The findings in the perception and attitude of procrastination show two main categories (negative and positive) and seven primary concepts (delay in performing tasks, personality traits, burnout, negative emotion, self-blame, temporary positive attitude, having confrontational thoughts). They gave. Coping strategies from four main categories (avoidance, coping, surrender and emotion-oriented strategies) and eight primary concepts (avoiding tasks, turning to virtual space, tendency to prevent procrastination, planning, low self-esteem, replacing sleep, emotions negative and negative emotions) were formed. The stable personality and motivational patterns of the central class shaped the present findings. These findings have important practical implications in understanding the personality and motivation profile of procrastinators.

Internet gaming disorder is explained as continuous and frequent use of the Internet in the gaming context, leading to significant distress and dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate development of a structural model of internet game addiction based on behavioral inhibition system with mediation role of cognitive emotion regulation among adolescents in Tehran. This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population was male students in Tehran city in year academic 2023-2024. The sample size was based on of Klein (2023) and taking into account the possibility of some samples falling and in order to generalize the results, 500 people were selected using convenience sampling method (online method). The sample size was selected and with random cluster sampling of 500 students. Data collection tools include the internet gaming disorder questionnaire (IGDQ) of Pontes and et al (2014), behavioral inhibition system scale (BIS Scale) of Carver & White (1994) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) of Garnefski and Kraaij (2006). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. The research results showed that behavioral inhibition system and maladaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion has a significant positive relationship with internet game addiction andladaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion has a significant negative relationship with with internet game addiction at the level of 0.01. The findings of the research showed that the behavioral inhibition system in a positive and meaningful way, maladaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion in a positive and meaningful way, and adaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion in a negative and meaningful way have a direct relationship with addiction to internet games. Also, the results showed that cognitive emotion regulation had a mediating role in relationship between behavioral inhibition systems with internet game addiction. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the relationship between these variables should be taken into consideration in interventions internet game addiction in students and attention to behavioral inhibition system and cognitive emotion regulation can play a significant role in reducing adolescent’s internet game addiction.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate structural equation modeling of nomophobia based on insecure attachment styles and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation with mediator role of loneliness. This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of the research was 10089 female students of the second year of high school studying in the public schools of Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2023-2024. The sample size was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, taking into account the loss of some respondents and taking into account the generalizability of the results, 400 people. Data collection tools include the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) of Yildirim and Correia (2015), adult attachment inventory (AAI) of Hazen and Shaver (1987), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) of Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) and loneliness scale-version 3 (UCLA LS3) of Russell (1996). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling with SPSS and AMOS version 28. The results showed direct effect of insecure attachment styles and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were significant on nomophobia. Also, the results showed that loneliness had a mediating role in relationship between ambivalent attachment style (β=0.361 and sig=0.001), avoidant attachment style (β=0.322 and sig=0.001) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β=0.355 and sig=0.001) with nomophobia. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the relationship between these variables should be taken into consideration in interventions nomophobia in students. Therefore, according to these variables, programs can be planned for the prevention, intervention and control of nomophobia.

This research was conducted to predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder based on pain catastrophizing and disgust sensitivity with the mediation of quality of life. The correlation research method was structural equation modeling. In this study, a sample of 313 people was selected from among the students of Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz city with a statistical population of 7385 people in the academic year 1402-1403 by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect data included Spitzer et al.'s short scale of generalized anxiety disorder (2006), Sullivan et al.'s pain catastrophizing scale (1995), Hadit et al.'s disgust sensitivity scale (1994), and World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire (1996). Data analysis and model evaluation were conducted using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of the analysis indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder with pain catastrophizing and disgust sensitivity with the mediation of quality of life. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of pain catastrophizing and disgust sensitivity on generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, showed that pain catastrophizing and disgust sensitivity were indirectly related to generalized anxiety disorder symptoms at a significance level of 0.001 through the mediation of quality of life. The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder as a model; Therefore, implementing therapeutic and educational interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the path of marital intimacy based on attachment styles with the mediation of communication beliefs. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. The statistical population of the research included all married women participating in family education classes in Abhar city, who were in the age range of 25-45. Using simple random sampling method, 260 people were selected as the sample size. Data collection tools included Walker and Thompson Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS), Collins and Reed Attachment Styles (RASS) and Epstein and Idelson Communication Beliefs (RBT). The data of the questionnaires were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 27 and Imus version 26 and by path analysis method. The research results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between secure attachment style and marital intimacy, and the relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and relationship beliefs with marital intimacy is negative and significant. The results of path analysis showed that secure and ambivalent attachment styles affect marital intimacy both directly and indirectly through communication beliefs. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the relationship between attachment styles and marital intimacy is not a linear relationship and communication beliefs can play a mediating role in this relationship.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory and schema therapy on the cognitive flexibility of gender dysphoria (transsexual). The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the people with gender dysphoria who referred to the Mehta Association in Tehran in 1401, using available sampling methods, 45 people were randomly selected into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). were replaced The research tool included Dennis and Vander Waal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire. Data analysis was done using mixed analysis of variance test in SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that according to F in the perception of different options (4.342), perception of controllability(9.706) and perception of justification of behavior (4.914) was greater than F 0.05, therefore reality therapy based on choice theory and Schema therapy has been effective on the dimensions of cognitive flexibility. Also, according to the absolute value of the calculated t index [perception of different options (1.079), perception of controllability (0.564), and perception of justification of behavior (1.293)] smaller than B05.0, there was no significant difference in the average scores of people in the post-test and follow-up stage,and the effectiveness of the interventions in the follow-up stage has also been established.The results showed that reality therapy based on choice theory and schema therapy is effective on the cognitive flexibility of people with gender boredom and can improve this component.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between achievement academic identity, secure attachment style and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in students. This was descriptive-correlation research with structural equations modeling. The statistical population was female students in Tehran city in year academic 2023-2024. The sample size was selected and with random cluster sampling of 600 students. Data collection tools include the social networking addiction scale (SNAS), academic identity status questionnaire (AISQ), revised version adult attachment scale (RAAS), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and academic self-efficacy questionnaire (ASEQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling with SPSS version 28 and AMOS version 26. The results showed direct effect of chievement academic identity (β= -0.15 and sig=0.001), secure attachment style (β= -0.23 and sig=0.001), maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (β=0.48 and sig=0.001) and academic self-efficacy (β= -0.43 and sig=0.001) were significant on addiction to social networks. Also, the results showed that academic self-efficacy had a mediating role in relationship between chievement academic identity (β= -0.34 and sig=0.001), secure attachment style (β= -0.26 and sig=0.001) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (β= 0.29 and sig=0.002) with addiction to social networks. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the relationship between these variables should be taken into consideration in interventions addiction to social networks in students and cyber psychologists can use the results of such research to help students with addiction to virtual social networks.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) in the form of group therapy on symptoms of traumatic memories in divorced women. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included divorced women who referred to private counseling centers and welfare centers in Mashhad city in 2020. From this society, 36 divorced women were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to 3 groups (12 people in each group). The subjects of one of the groups underwent a narrative therapy group for 8 sessions, the other group underwent a imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy group for 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) by Horowitz and et al. (1979) was used to collect research data. The obtained data were analyzed repeated measurement variance analysis. The results showed that both research interventions had a significant and stable effect on all three subscales of traumatic memories syndrome (avoidance, unwanted thoughts, hyperarousal) (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions (P>0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be said that psychologists and counselors in the field of divorce, according to their approach and theory, should use narrative therapy and imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy to improve symptoms of traumatic memories of divorced women.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral brain systems on anxiety with the mediation of cognitive avoidance and ambiguity tolerance in multiple sclerosis patients. The study was correlational. The statistical population was all patients with multiple sclerosis who were members of Yazd MS Association in 2023. From this community, 126 people were selected using the accessible method. The data collection tools were Carver and White, (1994) Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Questionnaire, Sexton and Dougas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (2008), Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (McLean, 2009), and Beck Behavioral Questionnaire, (1988). Research data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and PLS version 3.3. The results showed that the direct effect of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation on health is significant (P<0.05). The direct effect of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation is significant for cognition (P<0.05). The direct effect of behavioral inhibition system on ambiguity tolerance is not significant (P < 0.05), but the direct effect of behavioral activation on ambiguity tolerance was significant (P < 0.05). The direct effect of ambiguity tolerance is significant (P<0.05), but the direct effect of diagnosis is not significant (P<0.05). Behavioral inhibition has no indirect effect with the mediation of cognitive emotion and tolerance of ambiguity and anxiety (P < 0.05). The behavioral activation system does not have an indirect effect on cognitive extortion (P < 0.05). The behavioral activation system has an indirect effect on anxiety through the mediation of ambiguity tolerance (P<0.05). According to the results, the design of interventions in direct and indirect influencing variables can play a role in reducing this number.

One of the fundamental questions in sensory information processing research is whether experience and expertise can influence sensory-perceptual processing. The aim of the present study is to investigate component P1 based on event-related potential in the processing of visual, auditory, and audio-visual information during spatial decision-making in elite badminton players. The present study was a semi-experimental study with an applied objective and was conducted on 13 elite badminton players based on simple random sampling. Brain signals of badminton players were measured using a 30-channel active electroencephalography device with three blocks of 72 trials of visual, auditory, and visual-auditory stimuli based on four spatial decision-making conditions. Data analysis was performed using MATLAB and SPSS 26 software at a significance level of 0.05. For the early component P1 in the 40 to 120 millisecond range, differences were observed in peak latencies of the P1 wave between the Cz and F7 channels across three information processing, with a shorter latency observed in the audio-visual stimuli. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the peak amplitude of P1 in the Cz, Fz, Fc3, and F7 channels across three sensory conditions. Based on the model of cross-modal integration, elite individuals have utilized cognitive brain regions and attention allocation areas according to their level of expertise for processing multi-sensory and even unisensory information. Therefore, long-term reinforcement (sport experience) may potentially increase brain information processing speed during decision-making.

The purpose of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy and combined therapy on perceived stress and food craving in women with binge eating. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population was all women with binge eating who referred to nutrition centers in the spring of 2023 in city of Karaj. In the first stage, using Judgmental sampling method, 60 women were selected and then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (each group 15 women) and one control group (15 women) were replaced and experimental groups underwent eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy and combined therap, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data binge eating scale (BES) of Gormally and et al (1982), perceived stress scale (PSC) of Cohen et al (1983) and trait food-cravings questionnaires (FCQ-T) of Cepeda-Benito and et al (2000). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). The results showed that three interventions in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on perceived stress and food craving (P<0.05).  In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that combined therapy is more effective in perceived stress and food craving (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy and can be used as a treatment method to on perceived stress and food craving in counseling centers and priority of use in the treatment of in women with binge eating is with combined therapy.

The aim of this study was to designing the integrated anti-bullying program and determining of its effectiveness in reducing bullying behaviors of male students in Sanandaj. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. For this, two middle school were selected first by purposive sampling method and then randomly placed one as the experimental and the other as the control group. Then by studing and integrating anti-bullying programs designed in the leading countries in this field and other useful resources a comprehensive program is designed with specific ssesions for each group of school staff, teachers, students and parents. In the practical phase, first the olweus bullying questionnaire (1996), was conducted to all students as a pre-test at both schools. Then, the anti-bullying program in the experimental school was taught separately for each of the groups, and at the end, the post-test was performed again in both the experimental and control schools. Analyzing data with univariate and multivariate covariance showed the effectiveness of an integrated anti-bullying program in reducing bullying behaviors of students in the experimental group(P<0/05). However, this intervention was more effective in reducing verbal and physical forms of bullying compared to emotional bullying. Considering the prevalence of bullying in Iranian schools and according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that the implementation of such comprehensive anti-bullying programs in schools at different levels be considered by education officials.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the basic strategy of story-grammar comprehension on phonetic processing, semantic and orthographic processing, metacognition and working memory on Elemetay students with dyslexia. The research method was semi-experimental and the design of two experimental and control groups with a pre-test, post-test and a 45-day follow-up period. The statistical population included all primary school students with dyslexia in Isfahan on 2022-2023year, and 40 dyslexic students were randomly selected from among the referrals to counseling centers working in the children's area of ​​Isfahan city and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people. (20 experimental subjects) and (20 control subjects) were assigned. The research tools include the phonological processing questionnaire of Soleimani and Dastjardi (2010), the semantic-orthographic processing questionnaire of Zandi et al. (2015), the metacognitive scale of Baku et al. (2009), the working memory questionnaire of Pickering and Goderkel (2004), Wechsler scale (2014), reading performance test of Yarmohamedian et al. (2014). The educational program based on the basic strategy of story-grammar comprehension by Ride and Linerman (2009) was implemented on the subject group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. Data analysis was analyzed using statistical methods and using spss 23 and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The findings showed that the basic strategy of story-grammar understanding improves phonetic processing (P < 0.001; F = 0.556), semantic and orthographic processing (P < 0.001; F = 0.570), metacognition (F = 0.144). P < 0/01) and working memory (P < 0.001; F = 0.464) had a significant effect on students with poor reading ability And its impact remains (p < 0.01); Therefore, it can be concluded that the grammar-story strategy is suitable for helping students with dyslexia.