مجله آموزش پرستاری
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 66، مهر و آبان 1403)

 The conceptual comparison method is one of the most important and practical methods of concept development and a way to develop conceptual accuracy and expand nursing knowledge. Nursing scientists refine and improve nursing theories and models by comparing concepts in different fields and disciplines. So to gain knowledge in this field, the present review introduces the characteristics and specifications of this method.

 This present paper is a Narrative review, which is done by searching data from Pubmed, Web of Science, Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar search engines based on the keywords "conceptual comparison", " Similar Concepts Comparison ", "development and comparison", and "Nursing" and the equivalent terms in farsi, from 1990 to February 2024. According to the purpose of the study and the inclusion criteria, 12 articles were included and analyzed.

 Conceptual comparison is used to draw dependent concepts that are competing to express a phenomenon or to examine the change of concept during the application or over time. It helps to identify changes within and between concepts, increase conceptual accuracy through examining the texts to identify and compare the concept’s antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Most applied concepts in nursing require comparison and research in the field of use and in-depth interviews to push the concept toward maturity.

The purpose of all conceptual development approches is to increase the descriptive power of a concept and support its role in theory formation. Conceptual comparison is the most practical method to identify the attributes and dimensions of competing concepts. Hence, it is suggested to compare clinical concepts in the nursing profession.

Patient safety, a state of absence of serious injuries and also reduction of risks caused by health care, is the minimum acceptable level. Teaching this concept is a worldwide requirement for its inclusion in the nursing curriculum, as it improves quality and increases patient safety. But there are challenges such as the lack of a ready faculty and uncertainties regarding the quality of its formal education. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the quality of teaching the concept of patient safety in the curriculum of undergraduate nursing education in Iran.

The present study is a multi-method study. The first method is a comparative study with George Brady's method, which includes four stages of description, interpretation, comparison, and the top 5 nursing bachelor's programs in the world were examined based on the 2021 Shanghai ranking criteria and Iran's nursing bachelor's curriculum. The second step is a study with a qualitative approach, and data collection was done by semi-structured interview method with 12 nursing faculty members and continued until saturation was reached, then it was analyzed by conventional content analysis method.

The findings showed that teaching the concept of patient safety in Iran's educational curriculum has a good place in some concepts compared to the top universities in the world, but not much attention has been paid to teaching teamwork in the concept of patient safety. The results of the analysis of the interview with the nursing professors showed that the implemented curriculum can lead to learning outcomes for the students, although it is better to teach the concept of patient safety in the nursing bachelor's curriculum as an independent lesson in a longitudinal theme manner and emphasize all dimensions. be the fourfold health.

In today's world, with global changes, it is essential to review educational programs and move towards specialized nursing education to adopt the experiences of one of the world's top universities. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the Master of Science in Nursing curriculum for medical surgical nursing in Iran with that Monash University in Australia.

The present study is a comparative review that began in 2024 by selecting a top university in the world through a search on the QS.COM website. After collecting information, the two educational programs were compared using the Bereday model in four stages: description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison.

By comparing the elements of both educational programs, similarities in the areas of philosophy, mission, and vision, as well as differences in admission requirements, expected competencies, course units, and delivery methods, were identified. One of the strengths of the Iranian program is the detailed presentation of history and evolution, philosophy, mission, and vision specific to the field. In the Monash University Australia program, the modernity and focus on hybrid delivery, which includes both online and in-person classes, the flexibility in course offerings (full-time and part-time), and the variety in continuing education paths, were notable. Adaptability, effectiveness, education, and research that are responsive to needs, and innovation were identified as four very important principles in the Australian program.

Given the broad spectrum of the medical-surgical nursing field, it is recommended to differentiate it into distinct specialties. Incorporating international collaboration in defining philosophy and values, focusing on clinical leadership roles, and aligning the educational program in terms of philosophy, mission, vision, objectives, and course offerings to enhance the professional competencies of nursing students is desirable. Changes in educational strategies with more diversity in course delivery, including part-time options, are suggested.

The comparison of educational systems to develop new policies in higher education is increasing, which creates opportunities to learn about the educational programs of other countries and evaluate the educational system of Iran at the same time. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the nursing master's programs (all fields) in Iran and the Vanderbilt School of Nursing in the United States (Tennessee).

 The current study is descriptive-comparative research conducted using Bereday's four-stage model, including description, interpretation, proximity, and comparison. The information given from Iran's nursing master's curriculum was taken from the Ministry of Health and Nursing Schools and Vanderbilt University website and the Vanderbilt School of Nursing website

At Vanderbilt College, students are recruited internationally and independently, but in Iran, student admission is centralized and through a national exam. Paying attention to society's needs and diversity in nursing fields, the selection of diverse educational and evaluation strategies was common in Iran and Vanderbilt. In both environments, different roles and tasks of nursing have been mentioned, which are related to the field, consistent with the mission, and realistic. However, at Vanderbilt University, most of the roles are related to applying clinical reasoning and critical thinking in the clinical environment and emphasizing the use of evidence-based changes, which are not noticeable in Iran's educational curriculum.

Due to the increasing progress of science and technology and continuous changes in the needs of society, the necessary changes in the curriculum of this course seem necessary so that competent and capable graduates can be delivered to society, who can provide quality and evidence-based care.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential treatment but also a life-threatening procedure for patients. In this situation, self-transcendence as a powerful human dimension is necessary for the well-being of these patients. The present study was conducted to apply  Reed’s self-transcendence theory in a survivor case of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The present study is a case study conducted with the presence of an 18-year-old girl with thalassemia major who recovered from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, performed in one of Iran's transplant centers in 2023. The data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation and then interpreted based on Pamela Reed's self-transcendence theory. In this study, self-trance was considered as an outcome of the well-being process, and nursing was a moderator of this process.

The findings of this study were analysed based on the main concepts of Reed’s self-transcendence theory, including vulnerability, well-being, and different approaches to self-transcendence in intrapersonal, interpersonal, transpersonal, and temporal dimensions. The most important of these approaches in the survivor included remembering memories and writing diaries, participating in social groups, and sharing wisdom, spiritual activities, and pride in positive aspects of personality.

Based on the results of the present study, it seems that the application of various approaches to Reed’s self-transcendence theory has a positive effect on the well-being of vulnerable patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In many of these approaches, caring behaviors of nurses are considered as moderators in the process of self-transcendence. Therefore, knowledge and application of this theory by nurses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can help this vulnerable population achieve self-transcendence.

Higher education plays a strategic role in addressing the challenges of the 21st century and achieving academic quality and educational equity is not feasible without university autonomy. This study examines the dimensions of autonomy in universities and higher education institutions.

This review study utilized English sources from databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, as well as Persian sources from Magiran, SID, and IranDoc. Initially, 43 studies were identified, and after preliminary review and screening, 9 relevant articles related to the autonomy of universities and higher education institutions published between 2010 and 2023 were selected based on logical criteria for final analysis. The English keywords included University Autonomy, Institutional Autonomy, Higher Education Independence, and Institutional Independence.

Organizational, financial, educational, and human resource dimensions significantly influence the autonomy of universities. In Iran, the excessive concentration of government authority has led to a considerable reduction in the autonomy of public universities. At the same time, developed countries have fostered greater independence for their universities, facilitating external participation and enhancing educational and research quality.

Attention to all dimensions of autonomy is essential, and government oversight should be limited to preventing deviations in the scientific production process.

Nurses face various stressors such as shift work disorders, excessive responsibility, lack of vacations, and distressing patient experiences, all of which can significantly impact their sleep health. Therefore, resilience in the occupational path can help nurses effectively cope with these stressors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between resiliency of career pathways and sleep health among nurses working in selected educational-medical centers affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This was a descriptive-correlational cross-sectional study conducted in different hospital departments of educational-medical centers affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. A total of 265 nurses with at least 6 months of work experience were selected through quota sampling. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Lyons' resiliency of career pathway, and Becker et al.'s Sleep Health Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 22 software.

The findings indicated a moderate level of sleep health and occupational resilience among nurses. There was a statistically significant positive correlation (r= 0.17،P< 0.01) between sleep health and resiliency of career pathway. Regarding demographic variables, there were no significant differences in sleep health based on gender, marital status, education, employment status, or number of children. However, significant positive correlations were observed between sleep health and age (r= 0.16، P< 0.01) and work experience (r= 0.14، P< 0.05). There was no significant relationship between resiliency of career pathway and demographic variables (P> 0.05).

According to the results, it is suggested that proper planning, training and management of the variables investigated in this study can play an important role in increasing the sleep health of nurses and consequently improving their services to patients.

Sexual identity is a large part of each individual's identity. Since various factors contribute to the formation of sexual identity, individuals use different sources to create a sexual identity and teach girls and boys gender behaviour. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare incompatible schemas and cyberspace on inconsistent sexual identity in adolescents and youth.

The study's statistical population included all the youth and adolescents of Shiraz (Iran) in 2024, of which 60 (30 with sexual identity, 30 with heterogeneous sexual identity). Available in the study. Research measurement tools were Yang Form Schema Questionnaires (1994), Sexual Identity / Gender Identity Dagrassias (2007) and Virtual World Lee et al. (2005). The information from the questionnaires was analysed using SPSS-23 software and examined the research hypotheses by the multiplier variance analysis test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between maladaptive schemas and the use of cyberspace in two groups of sexual identity in adolescents and young people (p<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the autonomy scheme and the impaired performance of the two groups (p<0.118).

According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in centres such as psychology clinics or counselling centres, training programs for informing and gaining insights into the unnecessary sexual identity that may be false and superficial due to the influence of individual schema or space. To be virtual, not to regret the sex change in the person. Also, training skills such as social relationships, self -knowledge, and how to use cyberspace for adolescents, young people and parents.