نشریه اکولوژی انسانی
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1403)

A comprehensive and accurate understanding of the factors influencing the process of sustainable rural development is a key factor and one of the necessary preconditions for achieving sustainable rural development. Therefore, in order to analyze the factors affecting sustainable development in the villages of the pleasant regions, this research has been conducted case by case in the village of Emameh.

The statistical population of the present study was 1315 natives of Imamah village. The sample size was obtained by using the table of Krejci and Morgan, the number of 297 people, who were randomly selected. The tool of data collection was the researcher's questionnaire. Factor analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, the most important factors affecting the sustainable development process of Imamah village were identified in five factors, which are economic institutional infrastructure, socio-cultural infrastructure, and agricultural potentials of the region, geographical location of the region and environmental strength of the region.

Therefore, sustainable rural development is a complex phenomenon with multiple dimensions, and without knowing the various factors affecting the sustainable development of the village, it is not possible to preserve the future of the village

Uncontrolled urban developments have led to changes in the uncontrolled urban spatial structure. Therefore, informed guidance, principled organization and spatial surveillance are necessary for urban expansion. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the process of physical-physical development of Abbar city, to identify the effective factors in physical-physical development in the GIS environment and to analyze them in the geographic information system database, using the AHP model. By preparing information layers such as land availability, topography, rural points, slope, communication network, cemetery, river and entering these layers into the GIS environment and analyzing them in the geographic information system database, using the AHP model. Suitable lands for the future development of the city were identified. The results of the research showed that the master plan of the city has played a major role in the direction of the physical development of the city, and the physical development of the city is coordinated with the expansion of service uses and urban equipment, and these types of uses have a balanced spatial distribution. But it does not match the conventional standards.

considering the current conditions of the country and the weakness of urban development plans in not paying attention to the Garden city system and the loss of high-quality agricultural lands called Garden city, and the expansion of constructions in these lands, currently the cities of the country do not have favorable conditions in terms of sustainability. Therefore, with the pathology of urban development plans in Zanjan city, it can be claimed that urban development plans with this form and conditions do not have the ability to transform cities into sustainable cities. Therefore, in the context of identifying the causes of inefficiency of urban development plans, a mixed approach was used, which is a combination of two quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were also obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were collected using questionnaires, structured and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion (FGD) and observation. And secondary data was collected from books and internet sources such as articles, theses, etc. The selection of the studied samples (30 people) has been purposefully (non-randomly) selected from the informants and experts of the subject under discussion by snowball (chain) method. And finally, the findings are presented in the form of a grounded theory. Therefore, in total, from the obtained results, the category of lack of realism in planning and presenting illogical proposals - lack of attention to economic, political and social factors in planning had the highest percentage. It can be concluded that the content and purpose of urban development plans do not lead the city towards the formation of a "sustainable city" in an optimal way. In other words, the content of urban development plans is not optimally and fully targeted and efficient. Therefore, a basic attitude and a serious revision in the preparation and implementation of urban development plans are suggested

This study examines the role and importance of urban furniture in the public spaces of Kalaleh city from the perspective of its citizens. Due to the nature of the subject, the approach of this research combines descriptive-analytical and survey methods. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by residents of various areas of the city. The statistical population of this study includes the citizens of Kalaleh in 2016. Using Cochran's formula, 384 individuals were selected through simple random sampling, and a questionnaire with five options based on the Likert scale was distributed among them. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher, its face validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was verified with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. Hypotheses were tested using one-sample T-tests and Chi-square tests in SPSS software. The results indicate that urban furniture positively impacts the beautification and identity of urban spaces, the physical and mental health of citizens, and the improvement of urban space quality. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was observed between urban furniture and attracting tourists, as well as urban tourism development in Kalaleh.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of historical contexts in the tourism development of Gamishan city and to identify the challenges facing it. The scope of the study includes the historical contexts of this city and our statistical community, local residents, tourism managers, and tourists. The research sample consists of 150 people who will be selected using random sampling method. In this research, a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) is used, and the research tools include questionnaires designed to collect statistical data and semi-structured interviews with tourism experts and experts. The innovation of this research is in the integration of historical and cultural aspects with the development of sustainable tourism in the region and providing operational solutions to improve tourist attraction. The results show that the historical contexts not only act as a source of attraction for tourists, but also, if properly managed, can contribute to the economic and social development of the region. Also, challenges such as the negative effects of tourism on the local community and the deterioration of cultural heritage have also been identified. These cases require comprehensive management and empowerment of local communities to lead to the preservation and optimal exploitation of this historical heritage.

Citizenship education is one of the important topics in social, political and educational studies that has its roots in history and has been addressed by old and new philosophers. The importance and position of this concept in the contemporary era is such that the citizens of that society consider it one of the important elements of the development of a society. According to the position of this concept, The current research seeks to answer this main research question ; Are there any components of citizenship education in Islam? To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical (documentary) method, survey tool and first-hand source; Quran has been used. The results of the findings showed that there is a relationship and correlation between Islam and the components of citizenship education that include (freedom, tolerance, critical thinking, responsibility...).