Advances in Mathematical Finance and Applications
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Winter 2025

The present study is aimed to Rating the loans granted to the real customers of Bank Melli Iran in accordance with the credit factors of the customers using the multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithm of genetics-adaptive neuro-fuzzy network system (GENETIC-ANFIS). This research is a qualitative-quantitative design and exploratory based on purpose in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms in terms of data collection and analysis method and survey. Qualitative data was collected via the research of Rezaei et al. (2022) and the decision making team of the banking field, and quantitative data was collected through 1178 real customers of Bank Melli of Mazandaran province during the years 2012 to 2021 based on 14 types of loans. According to the rating of granted loans, the risk of each loan was measured separately for 4 personal, environmental, economic and credit factors. In Mudharabah loans, Musyarakah, debt purchase, Istisna and salaf, the economic factor showed the highest sensitivity. Also, the behavior of the research meta-heuristic model has indicated 78% reliability in the accuracy and interpretability of the model compared to genetic algorithm, neural network, fuzzy logic and neural-fuzzy network models..

The concept of management ability is one of the most important factors in determining and determining the audit fee. Management ability is a dimension of human capital in companies that is classified as intangible assets. Financial distress is also an important factor that may affect audit fees. The findings of this study contribute to the emerging literature on management ability and audit costs by showing whether auditing services pricing is a result of higher management ability in the ongoing financial crisis. In light of the above, this study seeks to examine the impact of managerial skills and auditing fees on the condition of financial distress. This research has been reviewed during a 10-year study from 2009 to 2018. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relationship between managerial ability and audit fees despite financial distress. There is also a significant inverse relationship between financial distress and management ability.

The university is the mirror of the whole view of development and progress of society and provides the platform for human growth through the transfer of science to students. As a service organization providing its budget from students' fees, the Islamic Azad University is required to know the cost of the services it provides to its customers. Therefore, the present study designed and developed a model for calculating the cost of each student in Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah using time-driven-activity-based-costing (TDABC). The obtained results show that the capacity cost is the same in each field. This result indicates that in case of using a time-driven activity based costing in the field of Education Deputy, the practical capacity is the same as the nominal capacity. The results indicate that time-oriented costing indicates loss of energy and time in the university. Based on time-driven costing, costs are lower than actual costs. This shows that the university should be able to reduce student costs and increase quality in exchange for planning and decision making correctly and in a timely manner in order to be more successful in attracting students.

The behavioural characteristics of the chief executive officer (CEO) such as narcissism can have different effects on the investment and financing of companies. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of CEO narcissism on investment efficiency and financing methods of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2017, of which 143 companies were surveyed as a statistical sample. The results of the analysis of research hypotheses using combined regression and logistic regression showed that CEO narcissism does not have a significant effect on overinvestment and underinvestment, but CEO narcissism has a significant positive effect on corporate investment efficiency. High CEO narcissism leads to increased corporate investment efficiency. The narcissism of the CEO has a positive and significant effect on domestic financing, but does not have a significant effect on external financing.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of tax avoidance on investment efficiency with emphasis on the role of institutional ownership and managerial ownership. Tax avoidance can be used as internal source of financing to enable financially distressed companies to access valuable investments with savings from tax avoidance. For this, a sample of 152 companies was selected from the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and by collecting data related to the research during the years of 2015 to 2022. The data related to the research variables for a period of 8 years were collected from reliable statistical databases. The hypotheses inspired by the title of the research were estimated according to the Chow test and the Hausman test using related statistical methods. The result of the first hypothesis indicates the existence of a significant and positive relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency. Also, the result of the second hypothesis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between tax avoidance in companies with institutional ownership and investment efficiency. While the result of the third hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between tax avoidance in companies with managerial ownership and investment efficiency.

Financial resilience in businesses refers to their ability to withstand economic shocks and challenges while maintaining financial stability under difficult conditions. This study adopts an applied research approach with both descriptive and prescriptive future-oriented methods. It is qualitative research that uses Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) to identify financial resilience in entrepreneurial businesses. To achieve a deep understanding of causal layers, scenarios are developed based on the global business network perspective. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with 35 experts, both structured and unstructured, to extract financial resilience indicators in Iranian entrepreneurial businesses. From the literature review and expert interviews, 35 factors were identified. Two factors, enthusiasm and fear of failure, were eliminated, resulting in 33 final factors. The matrix of financial resilience scenarios for entrepreneurial businesses was presented in four scenarios: economic crisis, economic boom, old technology, and new technology. Subsequently, SWOT analysis was used to analyze and propose strategies aimed at directing towards the third scenario. The findings indicate that utilizing the CLA approach aims to offer a plan in the field of financial resilience for entrepreneurial businesses. This helps planners to set aside current thinking and consider possible and probable futures, which may not necessarily be a continuation of past trends, to achieve a long-term plan to enhance financial resilience in entrepreneurial businesses.

This study explores the impact of emotions on financial markets. Recent research highlights the role of psychological factors in financial crises. Investors, not always rational, base asset risk decisions on emotions and beliefs. Optimism, pessimism, and self-confidence influence decision making processes over time. Irrational investors can cause market prices to deviate from fundamental values. This emotional price anomaly can be seen as a persistent sentiment risk factor significantly affecting stock returns. The research investigates the effect of emotional shocks (positive and negative) on order flow imbalances and their impact on price movements. A three-stage clustering approach is used. The sample includes 172 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2021, with daily data extracted from Rahvard Navin software. Information on independent and dependent variables is analysed using a three-step clustering method to identify different time scales. Finally, regression analysis in MATLAB software is used to examine the relationship between variables within specified time intervals. The results reveal a positive relationship between positive shocks caused by order imbalances and company returns. This relationship is reversed for negative shocks. Three-stage clustering separates companies based on co-movement, revealing distinct behaviour and relationships between variables within each cluster. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the three-step clustering method for analysing company data.

This study intends to investigate the ability of Elliott Waves Theory (EWT) to predict the information content of accounting profit before its announcement in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1394 to 1399(Iranian calendar). The present study is applied research in terms of the result’s implementation and to collect the data required for the research, the information site of the publishers of Tehran Stock Exchange and Rahavard Novin software and for receiving Elliot Waves signals Advanced GET software has been used. Earnings information content was measured through the test of the relationship between earnings and abnormal returns based on the Portetti model [20]. In order to calculate the abnormal returns, the Zebrowski comprehensive return relationship was used. Finally, the effect of two variables, company size and type of industry, on the ability to predict information content is considered. The results showed that the quarterly profits announced by companies have information content, and EWT can predict profit information content before announcing it. In this regard, company size and industry type do not affect Elliott Waves’ ability to predict profit information content.