فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 47 (بهار 1403)

The occurrence of murder not only undermines social security but can also lead to the emergence of other crimes and various harms within society. This study aimed to investigate the causes and motives behind murders in Kerman province from 2018 to 2021.

The research was conducted using descriptive and documentary methods. The statistical population included documents related to murder cases in Kerman province, which were obtained from the Governor's Office of Kerman City. Data were collected by reviewing records and documents from this organization, and frequency distribution tables were used during the description phase.

The research findings indicate that the main causes and motives for murders in Kerman province were, in order of prevalence: conflicts, family and clan disputes, issues of shame and honor, drug-related problems, previous disputes, theft, and financial or property disputes. Furthermore, most murders were committed using firearms.The results also revealed that the highest number of murderers and victims were in the age group of twenty-one to thirty. Additionally, the number of male victims and male murderers exceeded that of females. Among the victims and murderers, a larger proportion were married compared to singles. Most individuals involved were freelancers, held Iranian citizenship, and did not have a criminal record. Notably, most murders were carried out without prior planning.

Institutions and organizations should utilize the findings of this study to thoroughly investigate the causes of murder. They must implement practical policies at various levels—individual, family, and social—to effectively control and reduce this phenomenon.

The primary goal of this study is to explore the lived experiences of parents with conflicts regarding shared responsibilities after divorce, including the various obstacles they encounter along this journey.

This study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive phenomenological method. The study population consisted of divorced families, including fathers and mothers, who visited social work clinics in Tehran. Thirteen participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring maximum diversity and reaching the criterion of theoretical saturation. Data was collected in person via semi-structured interviews, and the analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's seven-step method.

The analysis of the research data revealed two primary themes. The first theme addresses the barriers that create conflict in shared parental responsibilities after divorce. This theme includes four sub-themes: cultural barriers, social barriers, legal barriers, and individual barriers. The second theme focuses on post-divorce mechanisms for shared parenting responsibilities, which encompasses four sub-themes: cooperative mechanisms, ineffective mechanisms, avoidant mechanisms, and conflict-escalating mechanisms.

In Iran, there is a lack of advanced legal, educational, cultural, and social systems that protect children's interests before, during, and after divorce. Additionally, there are no specialized institutions that provide essential education on shared parental responsibilities. To promote a culture of shared parental responsibility, it is necessary to implement institutional reforms, encourage cultural and social beliefs that prioritize the child's welfare, and improve parental literacy.

Given the significant role of remarriage in enhancing post-divorce adjustment, it is essential to identify the factors that facilitate and hinder remarriage after divorce. One such factor, having children from a previous marriage, influences the willingness of divorced individuals to remarry, but it has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aims to compare the desires and attitudes toward remarriage, along with its components, in divorced individuals with and without children from a previous marriage.

This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research project. The target population consisted of divorced individuals on the verge of remarriage in Ardabil city in 2023. From this population, one hundred twenty participants were selected, with sixty individuals assigned to each group, using a convenience sampling method. The Braaten & Rosén (1998) Attitude Towards Marriage Scale and the Heydari et al. (2004) Marriage Desire Scale were utilized to assess the variables in this research. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test in SPSS version 22.

The analysis indicates no significant difference(P> 0.05) between the mean scores of the desire to remarry and the various components of attitudes toward remarriage among divorced individuals, regardless of whether they have children from a previous marriage.

The findings suggest that having a child from a previous marriage does not hinder successful remarriage after divorce. However, to better prepare divorced individuals for remarriage, it is important to separately address the challenges posed by raising children in the aftermath of divorce.

The working life of child laborers delays their school enrollment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of school dropout on the school bounding of child labor students. 

This qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method. The study included sixteen male and female students aged eleven to sixteen years from the Shush Labor Children’s Center. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of saturation. Data were gathered through qualitative, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Glaser’s approach.

School bonding was assessed and further categorized into three dimensions: belief in and commitment to school; attachment to peers, teachers, staff, and the school environment; and engaging in activities that foster a sense of belonging to the school.

The results of this study indicate that educational opportunities provided in schools can encourage students involved in child labor to develop a belief in the importance of education and envision a brighter future. Social interactions, entertainment, and playtime with peers, along with support and acceptance from teachers and staff, strengthen their connections with others. Furthermore, participation in school activities and experiencing collective success help these students feel valued, effectively fostering a sense of belonging to a school environment for adolescents who have been deprived of education.

Social harm impacts all aspects of society, both directly and indirectly. One of the most significant social harms is divorce, which negatively affects educational, socio-cultural, family, and economic indicators. This study aims to investigate and measure the factors that can help reduce divorce rates. Specifically, the article explores the influence of family, economic, educational, and socio-cultural indicators on decreasing rural divorce, as perceived by the villagers, using a structural equation modeling approach.

This study is classified as applied research in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational research regarding its nature. The statistical population includes two thousand eight hundred ninety-four heads of households from a selected village in the South Subdistrict of Islamabad Gharb city in the year 1402. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of three hundred thirty-nine household heads was selected through a simple random sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and structural equation modeling (Smart PLS). The observed variables in this research were organized into four components: educational, socio-cultural, family, and economic.

The results indicate that the validity of all four models measuring indicators effective in reducing divorce is acceptable. The t coefficients for the main research variables exceeded two and a half, signifying a significant and direct relationship. This implies that the educational, socio-cultural, family, and economic dimensions positively and significantly influence the reduction of divorce. The R-squared value reveals that nearly four-fifths of the reduction in divorce can be explained by these four dimensions, with the family dimension demonstrating the highest effectiveness, indicated by a coefficient of almost nine-tenths. Therefore, it is recommended that greater attention be given to economic indicators to enhance the overall outcome in reducing divorce rates.

Research findings indicate that four key components—educational, socio-cultural, family, and economic—effectively reduce divorce rates.

Differentiation is a key concept in family systems theory that refers to an individual's ability to separate their intellectual and emotional processes. Spouses with low differentiation often demonstrate lower emotional maturity and have a limited capacity for intimacy and connection, which can lead to decreased relationship satisfaction and happiness. In contrast, in relationships characterized by higher differentiation, spouses are more accepting of each other's differing opinions and experience fewer emotional reactions. This dynamic fosters a deeper intimacy and leads to a happier relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-differentiation and the happiness and marital satisfaction of married individuals in Gonabad.

The sample size for the study was determined using Cochran's formula, which included six hundred forty participants. Sampling was carried out using a surface sampling method proportional to the volume. A key criterion for participation in the study was that individuals must be married. Data were collected using the Scowron and Friedlander Self-Differentiation Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, path coefficients, and path analysis to evaluate the data.

The results indicated that self-differentiation positively impacts happiness, and in turn, happiness contributes to marital satisfaction. An analysis of the direct relationship between self-differentiation and marital satisfaction revealed that while this relationship is significant, the effect of self-differentiation on marital satisfaction is less pronounced than that of happiness.

Self-differentiation is a crucial predictor of marital satisfaction. These findings will be especially beneficial for therapists who focus on intergenerational transmission processes in marriage.