نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 32، پاییز و زمستان 1385)

ntroduction: Different worldwide studies have shown the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids amongst adolescents and young people. Most of these drugs are being used without a physician's prescription and without any awareness of their side effects. The aim of the present study is to examine the amount of AAS drugs used by Isfahan University students and their awareness of the side effects of such drugs.Methods and Material: The present study is a descriptive one. Target population included of all male students of Isfahan University who were available to participate in this research. The measuring instruments were anonymous self–reported questionnaires which were distributed among 315 university students. The answer rates were 80% (252 at 315). The results of data analyses indicate that 8.3% (21 persons) have already used steroids at least once and 5.55 (14 persons) are currently using these drugs. The main reason of using these drugs is the increase in muscular tissues and strength. 6% (15 persons) of these drug users believe that tiny dosage of these drugs or using them with some drugs which take the poison away from body have no disadvantage. 1.6% (4 person) said that despite awareness of the side effects of such drugs, they are using these drugs and 0/8% (2 person) assumed that they does not have any side effects. The results of this study show the large amount of using AAS drugs and user's awareness or incorrect awareness about the side effects of these drugs and also the necessity of some prevention programs.

The number of people living with HIV continues to rise, despite the fact that effective prevention strategies exist. Information alone is not enoughto produce sustained behavior change. Our purpose was to investigate behavior among teenager girls to use them for next programs.Methods and Materials: This is a kind of qualitative research, done on the basis of interviews of teenager girls in uromia. Interviews designed semi-organized to study complex aspects of interviewee's talks. Most of the interviewees have mentioned Television, Teachers and Mothers as their source of information. Less than 10% have mentioned sexual behaviors as the main reason for acquiring AIDS. Behavioral prevention has been mentioned as a prophylactic in less than 10% of the interviews. In some of the interviews, prevention by vaccination or definite treatment has been mentioned. Less than 50% have suggested free distribution of syringe. In none of the interviews question of their reaction in facing the AIDS persons are as follows: I escape, become shocked, and would be careful. Go away, dont talk, A kind of stress have been noticed in their faces in answering this question. All of them disagree with marrying the addicted person and they were more eager to have tests before marriage. Results were showed; beliefs and common behaviors among teenagers should be changed and for changing them, life-skilled-based education and programs should be used for teenagers to reduce the number of AIDS.

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Depression-Happiness Scale (H-PS) in staff of Isfahan justice.Methods and Material: 200 subjects (134 male, 66 female) with a mean age of 33/7(ranged from 21to56) and standard deviation 10/6 were chosen among 900 staff of Isfahan’s court. Their literacy level ranged from diploma to MS. All subjects completed the Depression-Happiness Scale (D-HS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) in one session. The study of internal consistency of D-HS showed that all items have high correlation with total scores, the Cronbach alpha was0/93 and test-retest reliability after two months was0/72. D-HS was highly correlated with OHI and BDI. The factor analysis revealed 5 factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1, which could explain 57/1% of the total variance. But because first factor with an eigenvalue10/72 accounted for most (42/91%) of the variance, a one-factor model was specified. Depression-Happiness Scale is a reliable and valid test for measuring happiness in Iranian population.

Student's life as a new situation may predispose many stressors for them. Social norms, new friends and living far from family and new expectation of them, are factors that distort their adjustment and make them using many coping styles such as problem-centered and emotional-centered for new adaptation. Meanwhile, there are many supportive systems as family, friends and significant others that help them in coping. The present article tries to study the perceived stress, coping styles and supportive resources in students.Methods and Materials: present research is a survey one. Using multi-stage sampling, the sample volume estimated about 340 according to krejcie and Morgan formula. Three questionnaires were used for data gathering; Sarafino daily hassles questionnaire, Moss and Belings coping styles questionnaire and multidimensional perceived social support. Results showed no significant relationship between stress and problem-centered coping but significant with emotional-centered style (Ρ<0/05). Moreover there were no difference between males and females in problem–centered style but significance in emotional centered (Ρ<0/05) and there were significant relationship between stress with total social support and family support (Ρ<0/05) and with significant others (Ρ<0/01). Sex differences in social support was significant at (Ρ<0/05) and in significant others support (Ρ<0/01). There was no relationship in other variables. According to results, and vital role of coping styles with stress for making psychosocial adaptation of people, it is necessary for families as the first educational center to have more supporting role in teaching coping styles for better adaptation of their children.

The just world beliefs, are the beliefs about justice presence in world and living conditions. These beliefs in many situations can affect human psychological states and behavior. This research was conducted with regard to these beliefs importance and the main purpose of this study was to investigate relational model between just world beliefs for self and others with general health, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and automatic thoughts.Methods and Materials: The research statistical population was the total of Isfahan city habitants. Sample group was 400 persons (200 male and 200 female) which selected with use of multi-stage sampling method from Isfahan east, west, north and south regions. Questionnaires which used in this research were: general health questionnaire (with 28 items and four subscale include somatization, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression), positive and negative affect scales (PANAS with 20 items; 10 for positive affect and 10 for negative affect), automatic thoughts (with 30 items), life satisfaction (with 5 item) and just world beliefs questionnaires for self and others (each with 8 item). The validity of the questionnaires investigated and verified with the use of face and content validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was also investigated and verified with the use of alpha and spilt- half methods (Speamar- Brown and Guttmann methods). Data analyzed with using structural equations model (Path analysis). The above analysis conducted with the use of LISREL statistical package (8.5 versions). The results showed that from all of the research variables, only life satisfaction have significant directive path coefficient with just world beliefs for self (B= 0.339, P<0.01) and others (B=0.218, P<0.01). Hence in next level, automatic thoughts have significant path coefficient with life satisfaction (B= -0.365, P<0.01). And finally the result showed that there has been significant path coefficient between other research variables. The result of this research showed that most effective path for adjusting just world beliefs for self and others are: social dysfunction to general health, to automatic thoughts and to life satisfaction for just world beliefs (for self and other) respectively.

Social identity theory argues there are two distinct aspects of the self-concept namely, Social and Personal Identity. It posits that individuals strive to maintain or enhance not only a positive personal identity but also a positive collective identity. Although theorists suggest that social identities should have positive effects on the lives of group members, only a few studies have assessed the relation between collective identity and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship collective and personal self-esteem with subjective well-being (SWB) in two groups of the girls and boys college students. Methods and Materials: Participants were 85 female and 62 male undergraduate students at the Loorestan University. Each participant was tested by the Collective self-esteem scale (CSE), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS). The results show that in the girls versus boys the reliable relation between collective self-esteem and SWB is more than the personal self-esteem and SWB. Thus our data suggest that in the boy students, both individuals’ evaluations of themselves (Personal self-esteem) and their evaluations of their in groups (Collective Self-esteem) play mutual roles in well – being. But girls’ well – being makes sense in connection with others and their own positive senses include a minor life satisfaction.

Childhood aggression predicts the later high-risk behavior. Research shows that aggressive children become violent because of abnormal social relations and ineffective group or individual ways of solution conflict. Empirical studies need to be dome to find effective strategies for overcoming this phenomenon. This research evaluates three dimensional model of social competence; (1) cognitive skills and abilities; (2) behavioral skills; (3) emotional competence on 6 boys with the age of 6 years old.Methods and Materials: Subjects were selected from Uremia kindergartens. Instructional materials involved 7 skills (self–knowledge, empathy, interpersonal communications, relationships, cope with emotional issues, decision making and social problem solving). This training the skills carried out at 13 weeks in two stages and once a week. Behavior changes of all the subjects remained stable in follow-up visits (two weeks and 1 month later). The findings of this research indicates that aggressive behavior in children decreased deeply after participating in instructional classes and acquired skills were generated to kindergarten and home. Behavior changes of all the subjects

Introuduction: Attention to mental health is important in all aspects of life such as individual, social and occupational. Inattention to mental health is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity, be losed humanpower and develops physical and mental complications especially in professional services. Considering nurses role in health system and necessary for high motivation in work place to health security about this grand group and referral persons to them, we accomplished this research to studding of mental health nursing staff in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran medical sciences university.Method and Material: This is a descriptive correlational and cross- sectional study, we performed on 200 nurses who were selected via probable multistage sampling. Data collecting tool were including demographic characteristics and General Health Questionnaire -28 (GHQ-28). The findings regarding to level of mental health showed that 43% samples were symptomatic and 57% of them were asymptomatic. There was not significant correlation between mental health and demographic characteristics such as marital status, children numerous, economic satisfaction. But relationship between mental health and variables consisting of job history, overtime work and shift was significant. The mean score of menal health was 23/29 that in comparison with general population in Iran is high numeral. Nurses mental health to several causes toward other community people exposed to risk. The most important reasons that we could point for these findings, are job stressors identity, strain, exposing to disasters situations, shifts, organizational and individual factors.