International Journal of Science
Volume:5 Issue: 2, 2004

Plant breeding improvement and using conventional methods isdifficult and relatively time consuming. Biotechnological methods, especially tissue culture and cell suspension culture can be used to transfer desirable traits such as salt resistance to forage plants such as Medicago. Stem, leaf and root explants belonging to three Medicago species: rigidula, scutellata and sativa, were initially cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium containing 2 mg/L yeast extract, 2mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 mg/L a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.5 mg/L benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 mg/L Thiodizuron (TDZ) and 2 mg/L Kinetin. Only M. sativa produced callus and was able to produce cell suspension in liquid medium. Viable cells were then transferred to the same liquid medium with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mM NaCl and finally, tolerant cell lines were selected at 90 mM NaCl according to packed cell volume (PCV

Apis mellifera meda is one among those two dozen subspecies which are the most widely distributed in the world. While in our first description, its distribution is restricted to North Persia, Lencoron (on the Caspian Sea coast), in later studies it extends westward, to the north of Iraq and Syria, and to the southeastern parts of Turkey. To investigate the geographic variation and population structure of the honey bees of northern Iran that are among the least studied populations of Apis mellifera, samples were collected in the Alburz mountains, in the south of the Caspian Sea. A total of 46 colonies were sampled from six different locations (three in the highlands: Khanchay, Sefar, Zanjan; and three in the lowlands, Gholikandy, Gultepe and Duzteran Fig.1). Out of six enzymes assayed, four were found to be polymorphic (Pgm, Hk, Mdh, and Est) and two (Pgi and Me) displayed invariant banding patterns. Gene frequencies, enzyme heterozygosities and usefulness of gene frequencies to Hardy-Weinberg expectations were analyzed with the BIOSYS-1 package. The overall grand mean heterozygosity for all populations was calculated as 0.052±0.036. A Distance Wagner analysis based on the Prevosti distance divided the honey bee samples into two groups according to their origin from lowlands and highlands. Morphmetric variations of the colonies were assessed using parameters measured from hind and fore-wing and from legs. Different multivariate analyses were applied for the determination of different honey bee populations in the Alburz Mountains in Iran

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis. This study was designed to investigate the effects of rHuEpo on red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hc), reticulocytes and creatinine in newborn, young, and adult rats. Three doses of rHuEpo (50, 100 and 200 IU/kg) were administrated to animals via subcutaneous injections, twice a week for a period of six weeks. RBCs were counted using H1 autoanalyser. Hb, Hc, reticulocytes and creatinine contents of the blood samples were determined. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and paired samples. There werea dose dependent increases in RBCs (2-12%), Hb (7-53%), Hc (5-49.6%) and creatinine (11-14%). However, reticulocytes showed a dose dependent decrease down to 2.1-6.3%. The maximum and minimum changes were observed in newborn and young rats. The results suggest that rHuEpo may affect hematopoietic stem cells and modify other progenitor cells to erythroid progenitors. Subsequently, reticulocytes were differentiated to RBCs. The kidney performance to excrete creatinine, was also reduced under the influence of rHuEpo

A novel sol-gel auto-combustion method has been used to synthesize ultra-fine particles of strontium hexaferrite. The gels were prepared from metal nitrates and citric acid by various molar ratios of Fe/Sr and trimethylamine as pH adjusting agent. The results showed that the gel exhibits a self-propagating behavior after ignition in air. The combustion product was calcined at 800 °C to form strontium hexaferrite. The obtained powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. The optimum molar ratio was Fe/Sr=10 with crystallite size about 37 nm. The FTIR and XRD results showed that the combustion product contains? -Fe2O3 as the main phase and some amount of SrCO3 and? -Fe2O3

The Lower Cretaceous sediments (mainly limestones with a few horizons of sandstones and conglomerates) are present south of Mashhad along the Binalood Mountain range. Petrographic studies reveal that the carbonate rocks were deposited on a shallow carbonate platform of ramp type including open-marine, shoal, lagoon and tidal-flat facies belts. Diagenetic processes include compaction, cementation, micritization, replacement (silicification), neomorphism and fracturing. Oxygen and carbon isotope signatures of the limestones range from -11.2 to -2.1‰ and 0.2 to 4.3‰ PDB respectively. This variation reveals meteoric and burial diagenetic environments. Decreasing trend in the value of oxygen isotopes with increasing the amount of Fe and Mn as well as decreasing Na and Sr also indicate that these rocks may have been exposed to the meteoric diagenetic environment too. The calculated temperature for the ambient water in which calcite was deposited is about 26? C

Reservoir characterization plays a critical role in appraising the economic success of reservoir management and development methods. This study identifies the different rock types that comprise reservoirs, marginal reservoirs and non-reservoirs. Porosity and permeability are the key parameters for identifying the rock types and reservoir characterization. The qualification of these parameters is usually measured directly from cores using conventional core analysis methods, and indirectly using geophysical well logs, well tests, and artificial neural network methods. However, for determination of rock types and reservoir evaluation, in addition to quantity of porosity and permeability we need to determine pore geometry and pore aperture size which are related to grain size, sorting and packing as well as to factors such as the mineralogy and diagenetic history of the reservoir. This paper presents the results of a combination of conventional core analysis, capillary pressure curve characteristics, compressional net stress analysis, thin sections and SEM petrographical investigations integrated with geophysical well logs. A total of 4 different rock types were identified within the reservoir interval, in addition to two types of pore throat, one with a larger flow capacity than the other. The low permeability in non-reservoir rock types is probably related to higher amounts of clay minerals that affect pore throat connectivity and fining the pore throats between the microcrystalline calcites in the reservoir

The main purpose of the present study is to develop a comprehensive Moho depth map and crust and upper mantle velocity model for Iran. This will allow for more precise computation of travel time and thereby also more precise hypocenter estimation of the recorded events in Iran. For this purpose all available depth and velocity data relevant to this region has been matched and compiled. In the locations that there were no local data, available global data has been replaced. Based on these results Iran has been divided into 8 regions of varying seismicity and velocity structure

Solitary waves are coincided with separatrices, which surround an equilibrium point with characteristics like a center, a sink, or a source. The existence of closed orbits in phase plane predicts the existence of such an equilibrium point. If there exists another saddle point near that equilibrium point, separatrix orbit appears. In order to prove the existence of solution for any kind of boundary value problem, we need to apply the fixed-point theorems. The Schauder’s fixed-point theorem was used to show that there exists at least one nontrivial solution for equation of wave motion in arteries. The equation of wave motion in arteries has a nonlinear character, and the amplitude of the wave depends on the wave velocity. There is no general analytical or straightforward method for prediction of the amplitude of solitary waves. Therefore, the solution must be found by numerical or non-straightforward methods. The methods of saddle point trajectory, escape-time, and escape-energy are introduced and shown that they are applicable methods with enough accuracy. Application of any of these approximate methods depends on the equation of motion, and the user preference. Applying a phase plane analysis, it was shown that the domain of periodic solution is surrounded by a separatrix. The separatrix is coincident with the desired solitary wave. The amplitude of the solitary wave is the most important characteristic of the wave, and will be predicted with each of the above methods.

In this paper we present an entropy characterization of general exponential model and use entropy of regular model to construct a testing of hypothesis for parameters of some common distributions such as normal, exponential, gamma and beta. Furthermore we use these concepts and methods to construct interval estimators for) (H? and for? if) (H? is one to one, where) (? H is Shannon’s entropy of X with density function) (x f? or probability mass function) (x X P =?.