مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (فروردی ن- اردی بهشت 1390)

According to the previous studies, stress enhances seizure attacks in epilepsy. But it is not clear that stress how and through which mechanisms enhance epileptic behaviors. In the present study effects of indirect Restraint Stress in pregnancy period of rats on infant epileptic behaviors have been investigated.

Females rats (200±20gr) were divided in to two groups: 1-entire pregnant rats (control group), 2-under stress pregnant rats (stress group). In the stress group, in 15th day of pregnancy, rats were held immobile into the Plexiglas tube, twice a day and every time for an hour and for a period of three continuous days. Pilocarpin (150 mg/kg.s,c) was injected to infants of both groups, in 25th day after birth, to convey epileptic behaviors. Then epileptic behavior of each rat was observed and recorded by a digital camera for a period of 120 minutes.

Infants epileptic behaviors of stress group showed significant changes in comparison to control: mean duration of starting first neonatal epileptic behavior in infants of control was 5.35 ± 0.57 minutes which decreased to 3.21 ± 0.43 minutes in stress group (mean ± SEM, Mann-Whitney test). In addition, mean frequency of tonic-clonic attacks in infants of control group was 5 times and with a mean duration of 0.53 minute which increased to 8.2 times and 1.29 minutes, in infants of stress group, respectively. Moreover, mortality rate during attacks showed an increase of 21.4% in infants of stress group.

stress in pregnancy period enhances epileptic behaviors of infant rats but its mechanism requires further investigation.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common hyper androgenic disorders in reproductive age. Women with lack of ovulation and hyper androgenic are exposed to non-insulin dependent diabetes. Our goal was the survey of abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and risk factors that affect the incidence of diabetes type2 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs). In this descriptive – analytic study 150 patients with simple purposive sampling method were selected. Among the subjects, laboratory tests were performed on 125 patients. Data collection tools were included Questionnaire, weight scale, measuring tape, fasting blood sugar test, fasting insulin and glucose tolerance test by75 gr glucose. Prevalence of diabetes type 2 and age relation, BMI, central obesity, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance measured and then data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi square statistical tests. Abnormal glucose tolerance rate was 8 percent. Also 14.4 percent of the patients had impaired fasting glucose and 4 percent of the patients had diabetes type 2 according to the results of the fasting blood sugar test.In8.9 percent of the subjects insulin resistance was observed. In 66 percent of the patients BMI was equal or more than 25 kg/m2. 76 percent of the patients had android obesity. Also a positive correlation between waist to hip ratio and glucose tolerance (r=0.25) and significant statistical difference was seen in these two parameters. Due to the emergence of insulin resistance and diabetes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, screening for IGT and diabetes type 2 in these patients is recommended

The use of antibiotics in poultry industry due to its residues in edible products is of important concern. In this study Enrofloxacine residue was evaluated by F.P.T and ELISA in slaughtered chicken tissues in provinces of North West of Iran. In this investigation tissues from muscle, liver and kidney of 160 broiler carcasses were collected from west Azerbayjan, East Azerbayjan and Ardabil provinces of Iran to determine enrofloxocin residues in which F.P.T and ELISA were employed. Based on results obtained from F.P.T, 28 carcasses out of 160 were investigated for enrofloxocin residues. ELISA on 28 FPT positive carcasses showed enrofloxocin residues in 24 liver, 7 kidney and 4 muscle tissues were above the Residue Limit (MRL). The minimum and maximum detected levels obtained by ELISA in muscle and liver were 10 ng/g and 659.31 ng/g, respectively. This investigation showed that enrofloxocin was extensively used in North West of Iran especially in west Azerbayjan province; it seems that the standard period for not using this antibiotic is not followed accordingly

Nasal obstruction is one of the most common symptoms that patients refer to nasal surgeon. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy and septum deviation are the most common causes of nasal airway obstruction. There are numerous available surgical techniques in use to address inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The aim of our study is compare the efficacy of resection of inferior turbinate without fracture of inferior turbinate during septoplasty. In a clinical trial study during the 2008- 2009 years, the study group consisted of 100 patients with septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy in Tabriz ENT department of Imam Reza hospital assigned into two groups of 50, who underwent simultaneous resection of inferior turbinate and out fracture of inferior turbinate during septoplasty. Anterior & posterior rhinoscopy and GRI-NSQ inventory were used to assess treatment outcomes at the end of 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery. The cure and improvement rate of nasal obstruction in both groups were not significant difference. Post operation bleeding (Value<0.00) in the resection of inferior turbinate (24%) were more than out fracture of inferior turbinate (4%). But in late complications and in GRI-NSQ inventory with the score: 1.86 in out fracture of inferior turbinate compared with score: 2.54 in resection of inferior turbinate were better. Based on our study both techniques have same efficacy to reduce the symptom and sign of nasal obstruction but because the postoperative complications in out fracture of inferior turbinate it is a better choice in surgery for the patient with inferior turbinate hypertrophy due to septal deviation.

Stress of vigorous exercise may be causes of disorders in body immune system and appearance of acute and chronic inflammation. Caffeine supplementation prior to exercise can be effective on body immune response. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of short-term caffeine supplementation on some immune and stress index responses in non-active men after an exhaustive aerobic exercise. 20 non-active male students randomly divided in supplementation and placebo groups. Exercise test was an exhaustive treadmill test. One hour prior to main test supplementation group consumes caffeine and control group receive placebo at the same time. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise test. After supplying serum; Cortisol, leukocyte and serum eHsp72 concentrations were determined using ELISA method. Paired and independent t student test was used for evaluation of inter and between group differences respectively. Data analysis showed that significant increments in lymphocyte, cortisol and Hsp72 concentrations in placebo group was higher than supp group (P<0.05). Also Mean of variation in these variables in placebo group was significantly greater than supp group (P<0.05). Based on study results caffeine supplementation prior to short-term exhaustive aerobic exercise has positive effect on innate immune system and body defensive apparatus.

Inguinal hernia is one of the most common causes of surgery in the world. With increasing of age hernia prevalence rate increases so that in age over 70 years its prevalence gets at 50 percent. Different methods are described in hernia repair and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present the method of choice for inguinal hernia repair is the tension free procedure which was first introduced by Lichtension.. This study investigates the short-term side effects of drainage applied in Lichtenstein method. This clinical trial study investigates 60 patients admitted to this center with the above mentioned diagnosis who have undergone hernia repair surgery. In 31 patients at the end of the operation close suction drain was applied versus 29 patients in whom no drain was used. In the group of patients with drain the incidence of side effects was as follows: Hematoma 9.7%, seroma3.2%, urinary retention 0% versus the results in patient without drain: Hematoma3.4%, seroma0%, urinary retention 3.4% the mean time needed for the patients to return to their daily work in drain applied group was 17.48 days versus 18.30 days in patients with no drain application. Hence no significant statistical difference was observed in the two compared groups. A significant statistical difference was obvious when comparing two groups with post surgery hospitalizing period. This period in patients with drain was 2.9 days versus 1.48 days in patients without drain. Based on findings close suction drain not only decreases the incidence of complications such as hematoma, seroma and urinary retention but also increases the hospitalizing period, as well as producing overwhelming costs and depression of patients spirits, so that, it is suggested not to apply any drain at all.

Based on case studies obtained from Achenauch System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), the present study examined comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with externalizing and internalizing difficulties in children. After psychiatric diagnosis of the disorder, comprehensive data were gathered by using DSM-IV Questionnaire (in view of parent &teachers), Conner's Rating Scales (parent and teachers forms) and Goldstein Childhood History Form. 15 subjects were selected for case studies among clinical samples.The results of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (empirically based and DSM-IV based scales) were reported The findings of the study indicated a high comorbidity of ADHD with externalizing and internalizing difficulties. The comorbidity of ADHD with Conduct disorder (CD), Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and aggressive behaviors were significant. The findings have been discussed with regard to the related previous studies. This study has some implications for studying comorbid conditions in large scale studies based on robust psychiatric diagnosis. Additionally, the necessity of considering comorbid conditions in diagnosis and treatment approaches of ADHD has been emphasized

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is an uncommon but devastating problem. Rapid diagnosis and immediate intervention are essential because any delay in diagnosis could increase mortality and morbidity. Our case was a 56 years old man presented by pain in interscapular area and neck that rapidly progressed to lower extremity weakness and urinary retention. The patient had history of prosthetic heart valve replacement and warfarin consumption. MRI of thoracic region revealed epidural mass in posterior surface of thoracic cord between T1 to T7 levels. Laboratory findings disclosed INR (International normalized Ratio) of 5. Thoracic decompressive laminectomy was performed and epidural hematoma evacuated and no other pathology was found. 4 months after surgery patient was able to walk with cane. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare disease among most other conditions causing cord compression. It needs rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention to lessen complications. Neurologic outcome of patients depends on severity of neurologic deficit, time interval between onset of symptoms and surgery, size of hematoma and spinal cord edema.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is an uncommon but devastating problem. Rapid diagnosis and immediate intervention are essential because any delay in diagnosis could increase mortality and morbidity. Our case was a 56 years old man presented by pain in interscapular area and neck that rapidly progressed to lower extremity weakness and urinary retention. The patient had history of prosthetic heart valve replacement and warfarin consumption. MRI of thoracic region revealed epidural mass in posterior surface of thoracic cord between T1 to T7 levels. Laboratory findings disclosed INR (International normalized Ratio) of 5. Thoracic decompressive laminectomy was performed and epidural hematoma evacuated and no other pathology was found. 4 months after surgery patient was able to walk with cane. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare disease among most other conditions causing cord compression. It needs rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention to lessen complications. Neurologic outcome of patients depends on severity of neurologic deficit, time interval between onset of symptoms and surgery, size of hematoma and spinal cord edema.