فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1390)

This study investigates the relationship between auditing quality and earnings management for the listed companies in the Tehran Security Exchange. In approaching this problem, the auditing quality is expended from two criterion, namely the auditor size and the auditor tenure. For calculating of earnings management, the adjusted Jones model is employed.Our study sample included 61 listed companies in the Tehran Security Exchange (TSE) during 2002 to 2008. In testing the hypotheses, the maximum likelihood-binary logit regression model and the econometric software of Eviews 6, were exerted.The results of the study reveal that there is a positive and weak relationship between earnings management and the auditor size and the auditor tenure, but this relationship is not significant statistically. Because of the existence of co-linearity in the designated comprehensive model, the relationship between variables was investigated separately. The findings show that there is a positive relationship (but not significant) between earnings management and the auditor size, and a positive and significant relationship between earnings management and the auditor tenure. In this study for determining the total significance in the regression model, the McFadden determinant coefficient and Likelihood Ratio, were employed.

The subject of financial reporting transparency and its importance which has been more highlighted in recent years following unfortunate circumstances andcreated crises in world stock exchange and specially Black September in 1997,the event of September in2001,disclosure of WorldCom,Enron, Xerox, Parmalat on the global level, and fall of Tehran Stock Exchange Index in 1383 caused the subject of financial statement transparency to become a necessary phenomenon and the necessity of stock exchange to allocate a greater share to itself. This study has been performed as below: Investigations concerning the relationship between tax reporting and financial reporting transparency.The subjects of the study consisted of different groups including Stock Exchange,Tehran Tax Affairs Organization, university professors, managers (companies), and certified accountants (auditors) of Tehran in 1389.The sampling method was based on ratio scale, and the sample volume was 150.The subjects were divided into five groups (the calculation procedure has beenexplained in the first chapter). To analyze the data and to indicate whether or not there is a relationship between tax reporting and financial reporting transparency in each participant group the inferential statistics of correlation coefficient was used and to show the difference between each pair of correlation related to these groups the inferential statistics of Z- Fischer was applied. Theresults of the study indicated a positive relationship between tax reporting and financial reporting transparency in that financial reporting transparency will be secured to a great extent if tax reporting is documented in addition to present financial reporting.

Bankruptcy is the last part of the companies’ life cycle and it affects a wide range of financial participants. Bankruptcy prediction is important not only for financial participants but also for politicians, lawyers and researchers.As legal process of declearing bankruptcy is a time consuming and beurocratic issue, in this paper, we use the concept of bankruptcy triggering asset value to detect bankrupt companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. We use neural network as a powerfull tool for predicting bankruptcy. For training purposes, firstly back propagation method was used and then the aim became to improve the prediction results by using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Our findings illustrated that genetic algorithm acts better than back propagation method but we do not have enough evidence to prove that generaly particle swarm optimization acts better than genetic algorithm.We also comared financial ratios’ power versus market data for predicting bankruptcy. To do this, we used three groups of data, financial ratios, market data and simultaneously using both financial ratios and market data. It was discovered that market data is a better mean for predicting bankruptcy. Our findings show that using particle swarm optimization for training method and market data as an input for predicting bankruptcy could lead to 92.6% correct prediction of bankruptcy in test sample.

Based on overreaction hypothesis, which is one of the market anomalies, investors tend to overreact to good (or bad) news, pushing stock prices above (or below) their equilibrium price. The main goal of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of overreaction by using price limits in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) based on a sample of listed stocks from 1382 to 1387. This hypothesis is examined by the means of an event study methodology in which the event is defined as an increase or decrease in the stock price that activates the price limit.findings indicate the occurrence of short term overreactions in TSE during the period under investigation. Furthermore, the price reversals cannot be attributed to the size effect.

In this paper we examine the effect of moral motivation on moral decision making in the both individual and organizational level. This study search to effect moral education and moral motivation on the moral behavior in accounting students. Also, we exam the reasons of unmoral decision making with students of accounting in different situations. Result of this papers show that students have same decisions in both individual and organizational levels; also, we havent find a significant relevant between individual motivation and decision making, and we find a strong significant between moral motivation and organizational decision. Also, the result of this paper support use of advices and moral models to increases of the moral motivation of accounting student.

In this research we examined the incremental information contents of abnormal accruals anomaly and operating cash flows in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) by considering the relations between future return and component of earnings by using rank models to control for any nonlinearity in the estimation of abnormal accruals and test hypothesizes by cross-sectional data during 1379 to 1386. Hence, abnormal accruals have been estimated with modified Jones model and two different approaches: a) total accruals and b) working capital accruals. The results indicate that there is accrual anomaly only in the approach (a) and operating cash flows doesnt subsume abnormal accruals in explaining future return in the approach (a). On the other hand, the results indicate that there is an incremental information content resulting from interaction between operating cash flows and abnormal accruals in the approach (a), while there is no evidence of the incremental information content resulting from interaction between operating cash flows and abnormal accruals in the approach (b). Also the result of paper indicate that in a multiple regression of future return on abnormal accruals and control variables including operating cash flows, book-to-market ratio and sale growth, the coefficient on abnormal accruals is significant.

The main subject of this research is examining and analyzing the relationship between accounting earnings and stock returns based on firm size and life-cycle in companies listed in Tehran stock exchange. Earnings per share and change in earning variables were considered as independent variables, while stock return rates were selected as dependent variables. In addition, firm’s life-cycle and size were examined as control variables. In this research, data from during 1383 to 1387 were examined. In order to examine the validity of the research hypotheses, the Cross-Sectional data was employed. Results show that firm’ s size and life-cycle variables influence the relationship between earnings and returns and trigger an increase in the adjusted R2.

Firm’s stock liquidity decreases cost of capital transaction and bid and ask spread. In spite of existence these relationship researchers had doubt about direction and significant of firm’s stock liquidity effects on long term firm performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of firm’s stock liquidity on firm financial performance. So we randomly choose 112 firm samples from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) on cross-sectional base in 2007. The results of this study shows that There is a significant and positive relationship between firm’s stock liquidity and financial performance. The results of this study can be useful for investors, financial managers, and stock exchange and accounting policy maker to improve their policy about disclosure and firm value.

The aim of this research is survey the relationship between some corporate governance mechanisms and conservatism in financial reporting. Conservatism is potentially useful in corporate governance in several ways. First, it helps prevent excess payments to managers. Second it causes managers report loss of assets salled and discontinued operation. Finally, it provides managers with incentives to avoid taking on negative NPV projects. In this paper, conservatism, measured by two models, Basu (1997) and Roychowdhury and Watts (2006) and shares held by institutional investors, ownership concentration and board of directors independence have been considered as corporate governance mechanisms. Statistic population of research is firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and by using the omission sampling method, 60 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, has been chosen during the years 1380 to 1387. By using the multiple regression test, results show there is no relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and conservatism in financial reporting. Certainly in this research some control variables effects has been considered.