نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 89، زمستان 1389)

Materials for this study were consisted of 100 carcasses of broiler chickens aged 14 to 60 which had died from respiratory problems and/or Gumboro disease with diarrhea. These carcasses were submitted from local poultry farms to the department of poultry diseases of the veterinary college of Islamic Azad University، Tabriz Branch for post mortem examination. Intestinal faecal from colac and cecum، trachea and lung samples from the carcasses were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts after staining using by modified Ziehl – Neelson technique. In this study Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 5 percent of intestinal samples and in none of the respiratory samples.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizer and composite of organic and chemical fertilizer on lernaeasis in cultured cyprinids was performed in two treatments and three replications in each، in 6 one-hectare ponds. In first treatment only chemical fertilizer and in the second treatment the composite of organic and chemical fertilizer were used. The other rearing and management factors such as initial fish stocking، fingerlings’ weight، volume of inlet water and etc. were equal in both treatments. At the end of the experiment، there was not a significant difference (P>0. 05) between treatments in final weight of all species. In spite of this fact، the grass carp in the first treatment showed less weight (34%) than second treatment (P>0. 05). Study of lernaeasis، revealed that the most sensitive fish to this parasite was grass carp that had a significant difference (P<0. 05) among to other fishes in number of infected fishes and the lernaea in each، However، there was not a significant difference among the other fishes (P>0. 05). Mean comparison for infected grass carp and the number of parasite in each in first treatment was significantly higher than second treatment (P<0. 05). This phenomenon in first treatment could be explained in a rapid chemical fertilizer performance for algae bloom as food source for copepods، and also change of zooplankton’s biological balance and overwhelming of zooplanktons (predator cyclops) that predate the copepodid stage of lernaea in second treatment. Therefore، by fertilizing management، lernaea density noticeably could be controlled.

This experiment was conducted in international researchery institute of Sturgeon fishes Shahid Dadman. The basal diet contained Fish meal as protein source (CP=40%). Five diets were supplemented with 5 graded levels of methionine، (0، 0. 5،1، 1. 5، 2% Met per kg diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 195 juvenile Huso huso (initial weight 31. 9± 2. 8) in fiftin 500-L circular fibere glass tanks. Fish were fed 4%of their body weight 3 times daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks، the analyzsis of growth indises and body composition by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that: Weight gain، Body weight incerease (BWI) Specific growth rate)SGR (، feed coversion efficiency (FCE)، Protein efficiency ratio (PER)، Feed efficiency (FE)، Hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant differences in different levels of methionine (P>0. 05). But body composition had significant differences in different levels of methionine ((P<0. 05))، especially in treat 4 (methionine 1. 5%) (Pr =%55. 9±. 32، Fat = %13. 3±. 3، Ash =% 8. 4±0. 2، moisture =% 66. 9±0. 7)، this result determined the role of essential amino acids on qualitative indices of growth performance in juveniles cultural Huso huso.

Monthly and seasonal concentrations of milk protein and urea and their relationships were investigated in 614 milk samples from 61 industrial Holstein dairy herds in Urmia، Iran. Milk samples were prepared monthly interval up to 12 months. The amount of 10 ml milk was prepared from each dairy herd when they were delivering to the milk factory. Milk protein and urea concentration was evaluated by titration and spectrophotometer methods، respectively using commercial kits after separation of the milk casein. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and correlation tests. The overall mean for milk urea and protein was 14. 77 mg/dl and 3. 15%، respectively. The lowest concentrations of milk urea and protein was found in May (7. 13 mg/dl) and April (3. 1%) and the highest in September (26. 3 mg/dl) and March (3. 22%)، respectively. The range for milk urea concentration was from 0. 01 to 49. 8 mg/dl and for protein between 2. 18 to 3. 94%، respectively. The lowest concentrations of milk urea and protein were observed in winter (10. 9 mg/dl، 3. 11%) and the highest was in summer (20. 9 mg/dl) and autumn (3. 19%)، respectively. ANOVA showed significant monthly and seasonal differences for milk urea and protein concentrations (P<0. 01). The lowest 95% confidence interval for milk urea was found in April (2. 69 mg/dl) and the highest in September (29. 6 mg/dl). For the milk protein the lowest 95% confidence interval was observed in September (3. 06%) and the highest in December (3. 2%). The results of the monthly and seasonal correlations between milk urea and protein concentrations showed no differences except for February (r=-0. 35، P<0. 05). It is concluded that there is a concentration of urea exists in cow’s milk in that it is different between months and seasons. The lack of correlations between parameters in cow’s milk indicates that they are independent parameters and not correlated to each other.

Sarcocystosis has been reported from most parts of the world، including ruminant animals in Iran. Based on this، immunoelectrophoresis profile of Sarcocystis and comparison between serum and necropsy findings to determine sensitivity and specifity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was undertaken. For this purpose، serum was collected from a total number of 100 sheep. Soluble antigen provided using infected tissues، as well. CIE analysis was conducted using negative and positive controls. Results indicated that seropositive sheep sample was 27%. Data analysis showed that specifity and sensitivity of this test were 100% and 83%، respectively. It is concluded that CIE is a reliable test to screen infected animals by Sarcocystis spp.

In this study, levels of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Mercury heavy metals, which are required by the WHO and The UNFAO to be determined in sea food, were evaluated using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy technique, in tissues of two commonly consumed fish in Iran namely Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio collected from the south coastline of the Caspian Sea. The average concentration of Cd, Pb, As and Hg, were detected as (μg g-1) dry weight of Rutilus frisii kutum’s tissues: 1.21 0.30, 2.57 1.31, 0.15 0.08 and 0.34 0.01 respectively. These values for Cyprinus carpio were detected as: 1.35 0.40, 2.49 0.20, 0.30 0.03 and 0.30 0.01 (Mean Standard Error). These values were compared with the WHO and the UNFAO safety standards regarding the amount of the above mentioned heavy metals in fish tissues. Based on the results of this study, the concentration of Cadmium and Lead in the studied fish tissues proved to be much higher than international standards with a reliability of P<0.05. The results show that the pollution in the water of this region are because of these heavy elements.

The aim of this study was measuring the amount of heavy metals (nickel، cobalt، cadmium، chromium and zinc) in different tissues of Black Fish (Capoeta fusca). For this reason، in July 2010، 24 black fish was caught at the central part Qanats of Birjand. The results showed that between the whole length and the weight of fish and concentration of heavy metals in different observed tissues there were no significant correlation (p>0. 05). However، there were significant differences between the concentration of metals (except nickel) in the observed tissues (p<0. 05). The amount of heavy metals in muscle tissues of C. fusca was lower than standards of WHO and FAO. In the other hands، Zn has had the highest accumulation and Cd has had the lowest accumulation in various tissues of C. fusca. The results، also، showed the most amount of accumulation of metals have been in liver and then gill tissues، while the lowest accumulation has been in the skin tissues. According to the investigations the results indicated that the amount of heavy metals in different tissues of black fish (C. fusca) in the Eshkafto region was lower than other regions like Mehdi Abad، Haji Abad and Noukand-e Moud.

Many species of the freshwater pulmonate snail family Lymnaeidae act as intermediate hosts in the transmission of digenean trematode larvae، including those of the causative agent of fasciolosis. Based on this، current investigation was aimed to determine diversity and geographical distribution of Lymnaeidae snails and role of biochemical indices in habitat of them in West Azerbaijan province، Iran. Simple sampling method was undertaken in north، center and south parts of the province in plain (35 sites) and mountainous (10 sites) regions of spring and Fall. A total number of 3741 dextral Lymnaea spp. were collected and identified. The highest percentage belonged to the L. gedrosiana (71. 02%)، followed by L. stagnalis (14. 89%)، L. truncatula (7. 97%)، L. auricularia (5. 64%) and L. palostris (0. 48%). Geographical distribution of Lymnaeidae snails were recorded in 22 sites of plain and 6 sites of mountainous regions. Biochemical findings indicated that Lymnaeidae snails survived between 15-34 °C in both regions. From acidic to relatively alkalis pH، existence of L. auricularia، L. truncatula and L. palustris were recorded. While L. gedrosiana and L. stagnalis were found in alkalis conditions. Electronic conductivity and salinity of different habitats for Lymnaeidae snails were measured as 312-368 µS and 0. 146-1. 885 g/L، respectively. It is concluded that further studies are necessary to determine frequency of Lymnaeidae snails’ infection due to Fasciola spp. and role of them as intermediate hosts of digenean trematodes in North West of Iran.