فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی زنان
پیاپی 53 (پاییز 1390)

One of the basic challenges of family life in the present era is the increase in marital dissolution. In recent years, our country also has experienced an ascending pace of divorce proportion. With regard to the deleterious effects of marriage instability on divorced individuals and their children, the purpose of this study was to investigate the contributing factors to marital dissatisfaction and dissolution. For this purpose, 28 divorce seeking couples who had experienced chronic marital conflicts were selected and interviewed using a semi structures interview format. Data analysis using grounded theory procedures revealed that two major category of factors contribute to marital dissatisfaction. 1) premarital factors including marriage with improper motive(for escaping from social pressures, for escaping from the unpleasant atmosphere of paternal house); and coerced marriages; 2) post- marital factors including Conflict with in-laws, Little presence of husband at home, Gender role conflicts, violence, infidelity, suspicion, and financial problems. Moreover, findings revealed that only four factors lead to applying for divorce; 1) addiction, 2) infidelity, 3) violence, 4) severe conflict with the spouse family (esp. physical struggle). Whole findings indicate that some of the dissatisfaction and divorce factors are context- specific and different from those of western cultures. It requires addressing different theoretical frameworks and interventions by experts of the field, to meet the special needs of couples in this context.

On the basis of theoretical approaches, in this article, we study some effective socio-economic determinants and facilitating s on increasing and decreasing of divorce probability. It has been pointed out to roles of some background factors such as urbanization, couples’ ages at time of marriage, and ethnic background as social factors. Among effective economic factors on divorce we study the roles of parents, economic support, woman economic independence and women employment from a Beckerian perspective. Among social factors we study the roles of social learning, religious and family belongings, and commitment to traditional roles.

Divorce as a social problem, one of disconnection from family, has been affected by social structure and couple agency. Present paper has analyzed the causes of divorce Mazandaran province by mixed use of macro (value crisis) and micro (social exchange, homogamy amd need-expectation) theories. The used research method was qualitative, and documentary and content analysis that has been done by inverse questionnaire. 12101 divorce documents in courts of Mazandaran province have constituted the statistical population of this research which 980 document have been selected as sample size using formula Cochran. Findings showed that rate of divorce in Mazandaran province is reflected by four cultural, economic, social and personality factors that together could explain %11/4 of divorce variance in province. Results implies that society passage from traditional to modern order along with experiencing approximately distinct life with past, structure and agency factors will increase the probability of divorce.

The increase in divorce rate has been a concern of Iranian authorities during the recent decades. This article aims at reviewing researches on causes/determinants of divorce in recent 3 decades in Iran. Initial search leads to 140 scientific documents, including papers and dissertations, which reduces to 28 titles in a process of screening. The findings show 55% of the questions regarding causes were focused on socio-demographic causes, 24% on psychological causes and only 21% on economic causes. “Age at marriage and age difference between spouses”, “economic causes”, “education level” and “number of children” were the most frequent independent variables. The identified causes were focused on social problems and issues, especially drug abuse, social welfare and management of social changes. However, in order to achieve an In-depth understanding of subject, we need to do furthermore studies and also redirect the focus of studies to new areas. Technically, studies should continue an interdisciplinary orientation and use various methods and models to overcome the current dominance of positivistic hypnosis and models.

This article with the aim of preparing the ground for the development of Islamic Humanities, in general and establishment of a paradigm or model for family and gender Islamic ociology, in particular, has explored the most important paradigm fundamentals or presuppositions of epistemology, axiology and methodology of an Islamic sociology with emphasis on the field of family and gender studies. Acceptance of religion as one of sources of knowledge in science, according to explanations of divine end reflection with emphasis on theoretical and practical rationality, nature and natural differences between man and woman as the basis of anthropology,appending social and historical traditions towards its Qur’ani cconcepts, under social law headings, contemplating on God and supernatural existence in socialanalysis and rejection of value relativism, are special features that differentiate this recommended paradigm from other existing paradigms in sociology. Also, from the view of acceptance of conventional models of specification, with emphasis of an independent identity of an individual and society and defense from the value bias in science, among these paradigms and other existing paradigmsor at least some of them, there are some similarities.

The family is the basic unit of society and the mother’s role is its pivot and dynamism. Structural changes in the Western societies in the modern age has placed the foundations of the family and motherhood to a serious disorder and brought these to the crisis border. The School of Thought of Materialism, especially the Feminist Movement with the development of thought and changes in beliefs, reverse definitions of woman and her role and functions of motherhoodand family to social institutes, has a major role in the development of this crisis. The Iranian society, with recent changes, including increase in the age of marriage, population control, increase of nurseries and institutions replacing the role of parents, is treading the path experienced by theWest. This present article with the aim of society’s pathology, by reviewing the situation of the family and motherhood in the West, studying the effect on the family in Iran, presents recommendations and strategies onthe managers of the motherhood crisis in the world in preventing the outbreak of this difficulty in Islamic Iran. It is believed that the only way to successis reliance on the Islamic- Iranian model.

By using Analytical and critical review in this research; I try to find the roots of women crisis in the west. Since western women social life based on their religious beliefs; and teachings of the Bible play an important role in their belief, I based my research on the Bible.Today we see the world’s crises and challenges are different. In an accurate analyzing you will notice that the origins of human crisis are in human himself, what happens in the outside world is the manifestation of what is inside him. Various factors are involved in the formation of a crisis. Crisis of women is multiple origins. Various factors such as false beliefs, family and community have formed the women crisis in the West. It is critical that the feminist movement was formed earlier inside of the western women. Personal injury, family, social and global consequences are the result of this crisis. One of the ways that the international hegemonic powers use is to transfer crisis from one society to the other one; in order to use human resources of different communities. And globalization is one of the means of transporting crisis.