Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:14 Issue: 4, Jun 2012

Proteomics examines the protein content of a cell, tissue or physiological fluid in certain developmental or pathological conditions. Serum, a rich source of protein, is easily accessible and represents the physiological and clinical status of individuals. Emergence of a disease can cause qualitative and quantitative changes in the concentration of certain proteins in the serum. Nevertheless, separation and examination of low abundance proteins at presence of high abundance proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin, which comprise over 60% of total protein, are limited. In this experimental study, in order to remove albumin, serum samples from four different removal methods including two trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation and using specific kits to remove albumin and immunoglobulin were compared. The results indicated that precipitation and fractionation techniques considerably remove albumin. Due to its specific performance, using kit removes larger amounts of albumin and immunoglobulin. However, the protein patterns derived from different albumin removal methods were different. It is suggested that several albumin removal methods should be used during the examination of serum protein content.

One of the most common endocrine disorders in women's medicine is the increased androgen and the symptoms of increased androgens in women such as polycystic ovary syndrome. The two main components to diagnose this syndrome are menstrual disorder and clinical or laboratory hyperandrogenism, but other causes should be ruled out in order to confirm the diagnosis. This study aims to examine clinical Hyperandrogenism in female students of 14 to 18 years old in Shiraz in 2010. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3200 female high school students of 14-18 years old in Shiraz. Data collection tools include questionnaires containing personal details, clinical Hyperandrogenism features (acne, alopecia and hirsutism based on Freeman-Galway scale) and test results. The ultrasound was conducted based on Adams criteria. The data results are analyzed using SPSS-15 software and χ2 and t statistical tests. In this study, the frequency of hirsutism is 3.2%, prevalence of acne is 5% and alopecia is 4.2%. Mean of free testosterone (1.647±0.835) was higher in the group with hirsutism, acne and alopecia. Independent t-test showed no significant relationship between patients with hirsutism, acne and alopecia and non-affected people in terms of mean of total testosterone and free testosterone. However, there is a significant relationship between people with acne and hirsutism and polycystic ovary compared with those with acne and hirsutism and those without polycystic ovary (p >0.05). This study indicated that clinical and chemical hyperandrogenism can be a criterion to diagnose with polycystic ovary syndrome, but ultrasound was not helpful.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the refractive error and oculomotor conditions of infants born by assisted reproductive techniques (ART) in patients referring to Royan Institute as well as Child Health and Development Center. In this cross-sectional study, 270 ART-exposed infants aged less than 9 months were tested by retinoscopy, fixation conditions, Hirschberg and Doll's eye maneuver. The average refractive error of these infants shows hyperopic Shift +0.9±1.1 D. The average astigmatism recorded in these infants is -0.6±0.6D. The prevalence of refractive errors in these infants is myopia 6%, hyperopia 85% and emmetropia 9%. Impairment of fixation conditions, Hirschberg test and Doll's eye maneuver was respectively observed in 20.4, 1.4 and 3.7% of the studied infants. Given the sensitivities in the visual system development process and critical period which is important for every infant in the very first months of birth, it seems that visual-ocular studies are more important in ART-exposed infants who were exposed to different factors until their birth. The results of refractive errors, fixation conditions, Hirschberg test and Doll’s head maneuver which was conducted in this study for these infants reveal that, it is likely that visual impairment in these infants is higher than the results of foreign studies. However, lack of access to population studies in infants below 1 year of age in Iran necessitates more extensive studies and follow-ups of vision of ART-exposed infants more seriously.

Cystic fibrosis disease is a common hereditary autosomal recessive disorder in which loss of lung function caused by infectious factors is the most common cause of the patient’s death. In this study, the microbes in sputum of the cystic fibrosis patients have been studied during relapses of the disease. In this cross-sectional study, 129 sputum cultures of the patients with cystic fibrosis, who were hospitalized in Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran during 2004-2009 with relapse of disease, were studied. The data were collected through census method and based on the information concerning (gender, age, type of germ and the appropriate antibiotics). The most common germs in the sputum of these patients are Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 36%) and then respectively klebsiella (13%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.3%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.4%). Examination of antibiogram showed that these germs give an appropriate response to antibiotics such as Ceftazidime, vancomycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, rifampin and largely to aminoglycosides. Considering the more prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, combined therapy with ceftazidime or imipenem along with aminoglycoside and further treatment with oral azithromycin are recommended. More studies in this area are necessary.

Asthma is the most important chronic disease in children and one of the causes of school absenteeism, which is getting more prevalent by the increase of environmental pollutants and industrial life. This study was planned and performed to estimate the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 on 3000 female and male students of first grade of guidance school, who were selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected by standard questionnaire and after data collection and entering ISSAC SPSS software the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases was estimated. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 statistical test at significance level of 0.05. Prevalence of asthma, hives, eczema and atopic disease was respectively 3.8 percent, 10.4%, 18.3% and 42%. Prevalence of hives, eczema, atopic disease, watery eyes and wheezing after exercise in both genders showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05), but asthma, hay fever, speaking difficulty, runny nose and dry cough in both genders had no significant difference (p>0.05) The results of this study indicated that although the prevalence of asthma in Shirazi children is less than some other cities, the increased development of disease in recent years will be a threatening risk and this phenomenon requires serious attention and planning by authorities as well as health policymakers.

Pilonidal disease occurs either as a secreting sinus or in the form of an acute abscess in the coccygeal area and is an underlying cyst associated with granulomatous and fibrosis tissue which commonly contains heaps of hair, for which inherited and acquisitive hypotheses are proposed. Body mass index (BMI) is the objective indicator of obesity according to height and weight. This study aims to examine the relationship between BMI and the role of obesity in development and relapse of pilonidal cyst disease. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 126 patients with primary or recurrent pilonidal sinus within a year. A separate questionnaire was formed and recorded in the computer for each patient based on the disease type and body mass index. One hundred out of 126 studied patients (79.4%) underwent primary Pilonidal Sinus surgery and 26 patients (20.6) had recurrent Pilonidal sinus surgery. 36 patients (28.6) were female and 90 patients (71.4%) were male. Among patients with recurrent Pilonidal sinus, 18 patients (69.2%) had BMI above 30 and 8 patients (30.8%) had BMI of 25 to 30 kg/m2. The patients whose BMI was estimated to be 20 to 25 or less than 20 kg/ m2 per square meter, had no recurrence of disease. In this study, high BMI was associated with relapse of pilonidal sinus disease. Supporting the previous studies, the incidence of disease in this study was also higher in young adults.

Various anomalies, especially Down syndrome impose heavy emotional and financial burden on families and communities by development of mental and behavioral retardation. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of Nuchal Translucency (NT) to diagnose Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy. This prospective study was conducted through evaluating 102 pregnant women of 17-44 years old with gestational age of 11 to 13 weeks and 3 days, in a private radiology clinic in Zahedan during May 2008 to June 2010. All embryos were ultra-sounded by a radiologist, their NT and crown-rump length were measured. After birth, all infants were examined by a pediatrician and cases suspected with Down syndrome were diagnosed through karyotype test. The mean of NT was 1.62 mm. NT was above 1.7 mm for women older than 35 years and it was 3.1 to 3.8 mm for women older than 40 years. 6 out of 7 cases diagnosed postnatal with Down syndrome, had above 95% normal NT and 4 out of 7 mothers who had baby with Down syndrome, were older than 35 years. Through measurement of NT during 11th to 13th weeks of pregnancy and consideration of base risk factors, the possibility of Down syndrome can be assessed and necessary diagnostic evaluations can be performed for risky cases.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common plastic surgeries. Although patient satisfaction is still the main prerequisite for success, but this method of determining the outcome of surgery is qualitative. A quantitative method is required to compare the results of rhinoplasty surgery results. In this pilot study, Canon cosmetics standards were measured in 15 patients undergoing rhinoplasty before and after the surgery. The changes in these standards were presented quantitatively. In addition, the patients’ satisfaction from the surgery was examined through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical SPSS-11 software, dependent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. 15 patients were examined in a 6-month period; all patients were female and their average age was 23. The results showed that rhinoplasty makes changes in 5 out of 9 standards of Canon. The lowest patient satisfaction score was 17 and the highest was 24. The average satisfaction score was 22/3, score reduction was shown after rhinoplasty in all Canon standards except for standard 7 and 8 (p <0/05). There was no statistically significant relationship between changes in Canon standards before and after rhinoplasty surgery and patient satisfaction. The results showed that even if Canon standards change after the surgery, patients’ satisfaction depends on other factors rather than the mathematical calculation of changes in face component. In other words, although symmetry is desirable, it is not equivalent to beauty.

Unpredictable spells of epileptic seizures would result in embarrassment in society and have some negative impact on the patients’ social activities. The aim of this study was to show the perceived impact of epilepsy by patients on different aspect of their social activities including occupation, marriage and education. We studied 179 epileptic patients age 16 years and over with face to face interview. Nine domains including relation to spouses, relation to family members, social life, general health, interpersonal communications and friendships, feelings about success, hope for future, ordinary life and cope with others were considered. One hundred and seven men and 72 women were studied. Nearly 78% of the patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. More than half of the patients believed that epilepsy had affected their social life and activities. General health was negatively affected by this disease more than any other item; this may be due to uncontrolled spells or taking medications. About 15.5% of married and 39% of the single patients considered epilepsy as an obstacle to marry with their ideal spouses and more than half of the employed persons considered epilepsy as an obstacle for their job promotions. Epilepsy frequently impact on several aspects of life. The disease negatively affects social lives and activities, overall health, feelings about self, ability to work in paid employments, relationship with spouses, friends, and other family members, future plans, standards of living and ambitions of epileptic patients. Decreasing such impacts should be considered as an important part of treatment and proper management can certainly increase various aspects of life in these patients.

the purpose of this article is to study the validity of each of the non-invasive methods (flexible ruler, spinal mouse, and processing the image versus the one through-Ray radiation (the basic method) and comparing them with each other. for evaluating the validity of each of these non-invasive methods, the thoracic Kyphosis and lumber Lordosis angle of 20 students of Birjand University (age mean and standard deviation: 26±2, weight: 72±2.5 kg, height: 169±5.5 cm) through fours methods of flexible ruler, spinal mouse, and image processing and X-Ray. the results indicated that the validity of the methods including flexible ruler, spinal mouse, and image processing in measuring the thoracic Kyphosis and lumber Lordosis angle respectively have an adherence of 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.76, 0.83, 0.89 (p>0.05). As a result, regarding the gained validity against the golden method of X-ray, it could be stated that the three mentioned non-invasive methods have adequate validity. In addition, the one-way analysis of variance test indicated that there existed a meaningful relationship between the three methods of measuring the thoracic Kyphosis and lumber Lordosis, and with respect to the Tukey’s test result, the image processing method is the most precise one.Conclusion as a result, this method could be used along with other non-invasive methods as a valid measuring method.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to access the chest components, which is often performed after severe bleeding caused by heart damage, lung laceration and other similar injuries. This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on all patients with penetrating chest trauma during April 2000 to October 2008. In 5% of cases, thoracotomy was used for treatment in which severe bleeding was the main surgical indication. It was the most common finding followed by lung laceration thoracotomy. Most urban injuries are treatable by chest tube. About 3 to 10 percent of cases may require a thoracotomy in which severe bleeding is the most common indication of surgery.

The blastocyst implantation in any place other than uterus cavity endometrium is called ectopic pregnancy. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is different in various countries. This study has been conducted to investigate the epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy in Hamadan province during 2000-2010. The present study is a retrospective descriptive study. The data on 872 ectopic pregnancies were extracted by questionnaires from the files in the records department of hospitals and delivery centers in Hamadan province during 2000-2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. The frequency of ectopic pregnancy in Hamadan province during 2000-2010 was averagely 2.6 per 1000 pregnancies. Tubal pregnancy with 95.2% is the most prevalent type of ectopic pregnancy most of which had occurred in the right tube (52.4%). Most ectopic pregnancies (52.2%) were in the age group of 25-34. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in Hamadan province during the mentioned years has been 2.6 in 1000 pregnancies, which is lower compared to many existing data. However, the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in this province has increased over time, so that it has become 3.3 times as much from 2000-2010.

Pneumatosis Cystoid Intestinalis (PCI) is a relatively rare disorder that occurs in different parts of the stomach and intestines as gas-filled cysts. It is predicted to be prevalent among 0/2- 0/03% of the population. In 85% of cases, Pneumatosis Cystoid Intestinalis is caused by a specific disease. In this article, a patient will be introduced who was admitted 3 days after the pelvic trauma presented with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The conducted examinations showed generalized abdominal tenderness and in CXR plenty of free air was observed under the diaphragm. After the primary diagnosis of intestinal obstruction (ileus), the patient was put under laparotomy. During laparotomy, PCI was seen under the intestinal serosa and a significant amount of air was released and many parts of contusion were observed in the small intestine along with fibrin formation without pus which was restored and the patient was discharged in a well general condition.

Diagnosis and therapeutic measures are immediately taken for abnormal postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, because its causes range from atrophic endometrium to malignancy. In this paper, abnormal bleeding is reported due to leech infection. The patient is a 69-year-old woman who has reached menopause for 12 years and has visited a physician because of vaginal bleeding. The patient had no history of abnormal bleeding or medication. The patient first refused to get hospitalized and continue medical care, but she finally accepted to take diagnostic and therapeutic procedures after a few times of visit and increased bleeding. During general anesthesia and upon opening vagina, a large hemorrhagic and moving mass was observed at the upper posterior vaginal wall which was removed with surgical forceps. Surprisingly, this mass was a leech. Bleeding at the leech’s junction was stopped after half an hour using sterile gas and the patient was discharged on the next day.