فصلنامه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی محیط زیست
پیاپی 5 (پاییز 1391)

Following the harsh drought circumstances in Iran during last two decades, Cloud Seeding plans have been implemented to increase rainfall in different regions of our country such as southern slopes of Alborz, central highlands like Shirkooh and even in some of more humid areas like northern slopes of Alborz, which in some cases the projects have been associated with success. Cloud seeding known as a weather modification technics in the word. it is important to specify the tempo-spatial range when running these projects which noticeably influence on the quantity of the water availability, environmental impact and development.To achieve objectives of this research, parameters were nominated initially and their mapping has been studied. Then conceptual model of tempo-spatial range of Could Seeding was nominated.To achieve objectives of this research, parameters were nominated initially and their mapping has been studied. Then conceptual model of tempo-spatial range of Could Seeding was nominated.Analytical Hierarchy Process has done with the contribution of Pair Wise Comparison, subsequently weighing and effective factors ranking have done by Expert Choice software. It is good to say that from all Multi criteria decision-making techniques, weighted linear combination selected to combine maps.To perform Cloud Seeding project, Precipitation Time Distribution (monthly and seasonally) accompanied by sitting should be taken into account. This milestone of project has done according, precipitation analysis and synoptic station data.Primary result from Range Nomination has shown that province’s northwest region which it is nearly Taleghan and Karaj watershed is in priority of the project while south region of province is less competent for this purpose.

Today, air pollution as the most important environmental pollution caused by traffic is considered in Mega Cities. Traffic Planning using traffic networks modeling will be the one of the actions that can be used to control and reduce the pollution. Aligned with these features, the Game Theory has a lot of capabilities in modeling different issues such as transportation and traffic. Game theory tries to find different solutions and analyze them through modeling the issue in a game format. In the present research, a game – based on the normal form – is designed and presented between the drivers of a traffic network. Optimum routes and the quality and circumstances of making balance in the traffic network are specified by solving and finding Nash equilibrium of the game. Drivers can choose the suggested optimum routes to reach to their destination in the least time possible and at the same time avoid making congestion in other routes. Therefore, By reducing traffic on routes, environmental pollution (visual, auditory and air) of the network also significantly reduced. Then, combining the results of game theory and GIS provides a bed for network analysis, including optimum routing, so that decision makers can take the best decisions for better management and organization of traffic networks.

Poverty rural women by pressure on the natural resources and utilization of non-normative and unsustainable from these sources، intensified destruction Couse of the environment and environmental crisis to the by analysis and the destruction of resources used by villagers، adds to the severity of their poverty. The goal of study، surveyed on the role economic and social poverty rural women to the destruction of the environment of Bushehr province. The method based on the goal، data have been collected by the library and Interview. Method of interview data collected with semi - structure and questionnaire and statistics units، rural women. Thus، the effect of direct and indirect operation rural women investigated to the destruction of the environment (margin Persian Gulf) of the social and economic poverty rural women. The result indicated willingness to destruction of the environment more rural women «less» and «Unwillingness». Also more than rural women have expressed to reduce Environmental damage strategies; education through TV، training courses، encouraged by way of giving gifts and force through agency natural resources. The results illustrated that the low income، women''s employment to work out of the house and the high cost of household Economic factors، and low social participation، Low knowledge and social awareness rural women''s، Low educational level، Low social status، Family interaction in low - level، The spending leisure time، doesn’t members in groups، Low awareness of rights and duties social factors of social poverty rural women.

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment، together consisting of the environmental، social and economic aspects. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project. The EIA defines an environmental impact assessment as «the process of identifying، predicting، evaluating and mitigating the biophysical، social، and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made». EIAs are unique in that they do not require adherence to a predetermined environmental outcome، but rather they require decision makers to account for environmental values in their decisions and to justify those decisions in light of detailed environmental studies and public comments on the potential environmental impacts of the proposal. The Environmental Impact Assessment of Solid Waste Recycling Station of District 9 of Tehran Municipality is carried out using different methods. The results show that the installation of the station has positive impact in most aspect in the study area.

The echoes of human activities are felt everywhere، even in regions usually regarded as wilderness، such as national parks. Presence of adverse activities inside these areas، which is inconsistent with conservation of their primary goal of protection، will end in structural damages and prevent the fulfillment of the function of these sensitive and important areas. protected areas are amongst the most valuable ecological reserves، thus، knowing the way they change through time will help us in their management quality. Having their change trend at reach will assist us to know about the cause of their changes and will end up in the best decision making and policies. In this study Khojeer and Sorkheh-Hesar national parks that are parts from a single protected area are investigated as case studies، located at Eastern Tehran، Iran. During the recent decades، built-up areas were expanded throughout the region which is threatening the natural environment. To find out the level of degradation of the region caused by this kind of land use change during years 1996، 2000 and 2010 we used image processing using the remote sensing techniques for change detection assessment of study area. Then for this purpose we classified the land use maps in five classes for each period and change detection Was done. The results of this study showed that the greatest destruction caused by human development، such as industrial and residential town development of and dam occurred in the years 2000-2010. Also the highest increase in land use classes is relate to residential in the study area..

Dyes are organic materials with complicated structures that are usually، toxic، carcinogenic، mutagenic، nonbiodegredable properties and the most important pollutants of textile industrial wastewater. The goal of this study was to survey the feasibility application of Municipal Sewage Sludge as an adsorbent for removal of Acid Blue 25. The sub goals of the research were to determine the adsorption isotherm، effects of primery concentration of dye، adsorbent dose، contact time and pH for the adsorption of Acid Blue 25 with produced Adsorbent from Municipal Sewage Sludge. Amss was prepared under laboratory conditions by using of oven at 105 for 24h and washed with Hcl (3 mol) for 2h and، at last by using of electerical furnace at 600c for 2h under N2 gas. The chemical composition and solid structure of Amss was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of dye was measured by photometric method (600nm). Predominant composition of Amss is SiO2. The results of this study showed that: The pH value of 3، contact time 60 min، was determined as optimum condition. The most dye removal efficiency of %97. 74 was obtained for concentration 50ppm. Adsorption of Acid Blue 25 with Amss complies with freundlich isotherm (R2=0. 96). Based on data obtained in this study، it can be concluded that adsorption by Amss is an efficient method for dye removal from liquid solution.

The plan of the collection of solid waste at source، The year 1374 began as an experiment in Zone 4 and from 1376 until the entire execute in total city. In this study، using questionnaires، interviews with relevant officials and visit recycling units in the city، Challenges and opportunities related to solid waste management at source، was examined. The results show that there are problems such as separate of recycled items by Badger، Lack of segregation of infectious waste، Absence of infectious waste elimination system، From beginning to end January 1390، In the city about 18 thousand and 263 tons Types of recyclable material collected that Percent of recycled materials in this period 81 percent increase over the previous year.