مجله مطالعات ناتوانی
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

In most professional sports players have been in the minutes of a game not be easy to do and makes them the most skill points as his team failed to achieve or the match fail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-consciousness and attention on choking under pressure in disabled athletics in open and closed skill. In this study which is a semi empirical research، of disabled athletics participating in the sport wheelchair basketball in Khuzestan، 60 male athleticswere selected in a simply random manner. Then، they organized into four groups of experiment in self-consciousness (high/less) and attention (relevant/ irrelevant) conditions. The tools which were used included basketball free throw skill، self-consciousness scale andcompetitive state anxiety Inventory to measure pressure of subjects. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that there was a significant difference between score mean penalty shoot skills of basketball in high and low pressure conditions (P<0. 001). Also there was a significant difference between score mean in basketball skills individually defend high and low pressure conditions (P<0. 001). Results showed that individuals with high self-consciousness experienced decrement performance regardless of the type of relevant or irrelevant attention and kind of open or closed skill (P<0. 001). Individuals of high self-consciousness are generally more aroused than less self-conscious individuals. High self-conscious individuals believe themselves to be the target of others’ observations. Therefore، findings of this research support from distraction model.

Objective of this research was to determine the hospital indicators regarding work-related casualties leading to amputation in order to be benefited by various level of treatment management. This study was a descriptive - analytical study is based on secondary analysis of medical records data regarding work-related casualties leading to amputation admitted to Laleh general private hospital during 2005 to 2009 (N=135). All cases were reviewed and data were collected by check list. Transporting casualties by personal vehicles had more successful reattachment of amputated limb comparing transporting by ambulance. The Interval time of incident occurrence to admission in the emergency department of Laleh hospital with private vehicles was (5:57) and by ambulance was (5:05). The average operation time was 7 hours on successful limb reattachment، (5:37) on unsuccessful limb implantation and (1:46) in amputations. The average waiting time from hospital admission until start implantation surgery was about 5 hours for all casualties. The average length of stay in hospital was 7 days in successful limb reattachment، 4 days in unsuccessful limb reattachment and 1 day following replantation was not possible (amputation). Taking advantage of the results of hospital indicators for work-related casualties leading to amputation can have direct effects on these fields: Improvement of treatment management; Reengineering of replantation centers; providing on time relief to these group of casualties and increasing utilization of health recourses.

The purpose of this research is study of effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (C. B. T) compared to drug therapy on decrease of hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Forty children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were 7-14 years old were elected by convenience sampling method and assigned into two groups in this quasi-experimental research with pre and post test. For gathering data it is made use of three main tools namely (a) questionnaire of hyperactivity disorder together with inattention based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Forth edition-Three Revised (DSM-IV-TR); (b) Conners Scale of Hyperactivity (Teachers form); (c) Conners Scale of Hyperactivity (Parents form). In order to data analysis، descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (covariance analysis test and t-test) methods were used. Mean scores of symptoms decrease by all tree tools showed that the symptoms were reduced in both groups after intervention، but the symptom decrease was more in CBT group and this differences were significant (P<0. 001). CBT and drug therapy are effective on symptoms reduce of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder، but Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is more effective than drug therapy in decrease of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This study was aimed to examine the effects of «group logotherapy» on reducing the degree of depression between olds. The experimental design: pre-post test with control group was used in this study. The population was the female olds of the «house of the oldsters». The samples were selected by means of Beck inventory of depression. Then 20 persons were selected randomly. Then they were assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was then exposed to 8 sections of group logotherapy. By ending the therapeutic period، both groups were examined by means of the mentioned inventory. Covariance analysis، Pearson correlation coefficient and the test for its meaningfulness were calculated for analyzing the raw data. This finding showed that logotherapy has statistically meaningful effect on curing depression (P<0. 01) and the scores of depression in experimental group decreased (from 20. 8 in pretest to 12. 6 in posttest). Group logotherapy has considerable effect on curing depression between olds. Therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to nondrug treatments –which are helpful for curing depression between olds.

visual selective attention is one of the cognitive components that play an important role in different functions of daily living. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of visual selective attention on quality of handwriting in normal persons. This study was done by descriptive-analysis، cross-sectional method. normal studentswho were selected simply & conveniently Rehabilitation Sciences school of Iran medical Sciences University (25 girls، 25 boys) that their mean ages was 20. 6، participated in this study. Power point presentation program used for producing visual selective attention test. Reaction time recorded by digital cornometr. There is a significant relationship between visual selective attention and quality of handwriting (P<0. 05). correlation between two parameters was show that was not proper for regretion model Results of this study suggest that there is correlation between visual selective attention and quality of handwriting، but quality of handwriting composes of many factors and components that stuyding all components are necessary.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate comprehension and expression of nouns in a statistically-sufficient sample of normal Farsi-speaking children aging 2. 5 to 4 years old. The assessment tools were two tests: a test on picture-naming and a test on picture-pointing. The study was carried out in Isfahan-Iran. In this analyzed research، 2. 5-to-4-year-old children (n=252) were selected and assessed from 32 kindergartens by cluster sampling method. The raw data obtained from the picture-naming and picture-pointing tests were analyzed by statistical tests of one-way ANOVA، Spearman correlation coefficient، and non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. results from this study indicate that، there was a significant difference among the 4 above-mentioned groups regarding mean scores of comprehension and expression of nouns (P<0. 001). This study provides evidence that mean scores of comprehension and expression increased consistent with chronological age. There was a positive direct relation between mean expression and compression scores (r=0. 803، P<0. 001). the ability of comprehension and expression of nouns develop harmoniously with each other- with relative precedence of comprehension- according to age. The Decrease of standard deviation through 2. 5، 3، 3. 5 and 4-year-old groups may imply a decrease of inter-individual differences in receptive and expressive abilities therefore convergency of these abilities across the whole population. Finally، it is worth to say that picture-naming and picture-pointing tests are appropriate means of demonstrating children’s ability of comprehension and expression of nouns at the studied ages.

Psychosis has an overall frequency of about 3. 84% and is related to neural damages. The sox5 gene، which has an important role in nerve system development، is involved in controlling neurogenesis and gliogenesis. So، this study analysis the sequences of HMG-box and CCDD of sox5 gene in 100 patient afflicted with DSM-IV-TR-Diagnosed psychosis from tehran. in this case-control study، samples were provided by non-randomized sampling method. 100 patients whose psychosis had been proved by psychiatric based on DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria were provided from two private clinics in Tehran. We performed blood sampling and then DNA extraction by salting-out method. Based on bioinformatics data obtained from NCBI and ensembl databases، we split these two domains into five fragments and overall 500 fragments (5 for every sample) were amplified and analyzed with SSCP technique. ABI PRISM sequencing would have carried out if a band shift had been seen. The results of sequencing would have compared with reference human sequence in ensembl database and if mutation had been proved، controls sequencing would have performed. No change in HMG-box and CCDD was observed in research samples with SSCP technique. Findings indicate that mutations in HMG-box and CCDD are not a common cause of psychosis.