فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1391)

Health promotion is the dynamic process of enabling people to increase control over their health and an important concept for nurses. The world Health Organization called nurses as health promotion leaders، while study results shows that nurses health prompting behaviors is not optimal. Hence the study is done to determine barriers to health promoting behaviors among nurses. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 110 nurses by convenience sampling، from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences hospitals in 2011 for 3 months. A questionnaire was used for data collection، including two sections of demographic characteristics and author-made questionnaire of barriers to health promoting behaviors (in 3 parts of composed of personal، environmental and managerial barriers). Data were analyzed using SPSSv. 16 and descriptive-analytical statistical methods. The most important barriers for health improvement From nurses’ viewpoint was، managerial 89% (98 persons)، environmental 83% (91 persons) and personal 71% (78 persons) respectively The most important barriers include: 108 (98%) Short ageo of fnurses per patient and managers inattention to the nurses health needs and satisfaction (managerial barriers). 100% of them had job stress and exposure to pathogens (environmental barriers)، 89% (98 persons) shift rotation and 87% (96 persons) not having enough time and busy work (personal barriers). The relationship between demographic variables and barriers statistically are not significant (P>0/05). According to the study’s findings about importance of managerial barriers in nurses’ viewpoint، performing basic interventions in order to nurses’ health promotion and overcome to barriers، especially managerial barriers are important.

Addiction with its progressive nature on life dimensions is a risk for person’s health and affects family’s function. However، it seems that providing social support for families in this status causes improvement and adjustment with condition. So، this study was aimed to determine relation between psychosocial problems with perceived social support in families with addicted member. This descriptive study was done in 1391، over 400 first degree family relatives of the addicted people who were selected by randomly sampling. Data collection tool was Questionnaire of Northouse social support. For data analysis، SPSS v. 16 software and descriptive and analytic methods were used. The results indicated that most subjects (70. 3%) displayed moderate levels of perceived social support. Relevance of perceived social supports with sex (p <0. 001)، relative (p<0. 001) and employment status (p=0. 003) were significantly positive، but relevance of perceived social support and age، marital status and educational level was not significant. High perceived social support in addict person’s family has important role on facing with stressful factors and better adaptation. So، nurses can enhance quality of life on the all dimensions in these families، by creating supportive groups and increasing their knowledge.

Restless legs syndrome is a neurological movement disorder that affects 6 to 83% of dialysis patients. This study was implemented to determine prevalence of restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This descriptivecross sectional study was done in 2011. The study population was all of dialysis patients referred to dialysis units in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province hospitals that entered to the study with census sampling. Data gathering tool was composed of demographic status questionnaire and restless legs syndrome''s international questionnaire. The information analyzed using SPSS software v. 15 and descriptive-analytical methods. Results showed that 98 persons (57. 3%) of participants had the restless legs syndrome and among them، 64 persons (65. 3%) had mild syndrome and 34 persons (34. 7%) had severe syndrome. Moreover، there were no correlation between age، sex، job occupation، duration and frequency of dialysis with incidence of restless legs. (P > 0. 05) Due to the high frequency of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients، putting foot care education in caring programs of these patients is necessary.

Fatigue، which is a common symptom in daily life، has lots of effects on women''s life dimensions. Foot reflexology massages creates physical، mental and spiritual balance by alleviating soreness and fatigue resulting from women’s activities inside and outside of the home. It causes relaxation and improves their life quality as family managers and half of the active community population. This study was performed to find out the effect of foot- reflexology massage on fatigue in women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted over 41 women referring to the Rama Spa Massage Services Center، in before/after single group. This center is under the supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and is dependent to the Traditional Medicine Association. After conducting a 6 week refleyology massage، for 2 sessions a week، every session lasting for an hour، data collected and women’s fatigue was measured by Piper Fatigue Scale (1990). Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 17 software، using descriptive and inferential (paired t-test) statistics. The average fatigue before and after intervention were 4. 79±1. 78 and 3. 27±1. 27، respectively (p<0. 001). The obtained results from the questionnaire sub domains (behavioral، emotional، sensory، mood-cognitive) showed significant differences before and after the massage at the level of p≤ 0. 05. Foot-reflexology massage has had effect on women’s fatigue، so that the amount of fatigue after the massage has been less than the fatigue before it. Therefore this intervention as a nursing action could reduce fatigue with the aim of peace and health promotion in women.

All students and especially medical students، due to deal with more stressors and the need to appropriately adaptation must have more mental health and self-reliance، till would be successful in their study and job. Determining psychological status and its problems can be effective in the development of policies and strategies of universities. This study was aimed to determine mental status in the students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences at arrival to University in 2009. In this descriptive study، 321 students in Urmia University of Medical Sciences were studied using SCL90-R questionnaire. consists of 90 questions، including 9 dimensions (anxiety، aggression، depression، interpersonal sensitivity، somatic complaints، obsessive-compulsive، phobic anxiety، paranoid psychosis) on first University semester for one month، and the relationship between mental health score with some socio-demographic variables of students was examined. The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The majority of students studied medicine، environmental health and nursing. 301 persons (93. 8%) were in normal mental health. 295 persons (91. 9%) of them had no anxiety disorder، 308 persons (96/1%) were without serious disturbance in the obsessive mood، 298 persons (92. 9%) had nodisturbance dumps and 291 persons (90. 7%) were without the paranoid thoughts. There was a significant difference between mean score of the mental health in students with concern about the future of their career، and the ones that had no concern. The results showed that a number of students seriously suffer from mental disorders such as depression، anxiety، obsessive and paranoid thoughts. Identification severity and types of the disruptions can be effective in prevention and treatment of these disorders.

Self-esteem plays an important role in promoting mental health. Several studies have shown that self-esteem affects performance، promotion patterns، interaction with others and mental health. Thus، reinforcement of positive self-assessment is very important. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between self-esteem and some demographic variables in undergraduate nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive analytic study، 400 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected during the first semester in 2010. Students completed two-part questionnaire include of Coopersmith''s self-esteem and demographic information. Data were collected during a semester in 2010 and were analyzed using SPSS software v. 16 and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results showed that self-esteem was statistically related to total mean grade، residence place، economic status، and marital status (p<0. 05). There was not a statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and gender، the semester of study، school، and students work experience. There is undeniable relationship between self-esteem and ability of inter communication as an indivisible part of the effective care process. So، enhancing self-esteem، and identifying related factors in nursing students could be a valuable step in improving quality of nursing care in future، by this important segment of society.

Emergency ward of hospitals is usually the first place that patient and his/her family faces with، and aggression towards personnel is the most common reaction that they may do. This study was aimed to determine frequency and characteristics of violence against nurses in emergency wards. This was a cross-sectional study. Our sample included all 138 nurses working in emergency wards of all teaching hospitals in Rasht. All of nurses were studied in 2010 by census method using a researcher made questionnaire. Our questionnaire had two sections، one including 7 questions about personal information of nurses and another including 10 questions about number and characteristics of violence. Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 16 software، using descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings showed that 102 persons (74. 6%) of 138 nurses had experience of verbal violence. Violence had no significant correlation with age، work experience، marital status، education level، work shift، holidays and transferred patient (P<0. 0. 5). However، it had a significant correlation with nurse''s worries (P=0. 015)، male gender (P=0. 042)، night shift (P=0. 001)، male relatives of patient (P=0. 01)، patient''s consciousness (P=0. 01)، referring to hospital at night (P= 0. 01) and their discontent from some wards (P= 0. 01). The findings suggested a high rate of violence in emergency wards and several factors may play a role in causing violence. So، paying attention to the underlying causes of violence and holding classes and workshops in teaching hospitals can be effective in reducing hospital violence.

Postpartum period is associated with significant changes in women’s quality of life. These changes can be effective on the health of both mother and child. Due to the importance of life quality، the postpartum period and postnatal factors affecting quality of life، including delivery type، this study was performed to compare the quality of life in women after normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section، eight weeks after delivery. In this descriptive-analytical study، the study population was 300 women 20-40 years old، who referred to Ardabil health centers at 2010. Quality of life of samples were assessed in the first eight weeks of postnatal life، using World Health Organization shortened quality of life tool in the physical، psychological، social and environmental domains. The data was analyzed using SPSS v. 16 software and descriptive and analytic statistics. The results showed that quality of life aspects scores in normal vaginal delivery were 68/4±11/25 and morethan cesarean section (57/9±4/29). Also mean score of mentallife quality domaininnormal vaginal delivery was 79/32±12/14، which was slightly higher than the cesarean section group with a mean score of 77/41±13/6. But findings showed no differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery groups in different domains of quality of life. According to study results، physical and mental domains scores of quality of life in vaginal delivery group were better than cesarean section group. Health care provider’s advices could be effective in reducing elective cesarean section and consequently improvement of life quality in women after delivery.