فصلنامه آموزش پزشکی و توسعه
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Several needs assessments have shown the need for faculty members, at different stages of starting and continuing their academic career, to be empowered in their own discipline as well as in other interdisciplinary capabilities which are the continuation of education, research and management in various fields of medical sciences to which they have not enough time and opportunity in their academic learning period. The purpose of this study was determine the educational needs of faculty members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in line with the implementation of regulations of empowerment and increasing the knowledge of faculty members in of universities and research institutes of Iran in 2012 in which the focus is on training and religious courses. In this descriptive - cross sectional survey, we prepared some questionnaires using indicators derived from the literature and similar foreign and domestic studies and guidelines and regulations set for implementation of empowerment and increasing the knowledge of faculty members in 2012. The sample questionnaires determined for our sample faculty members (140 students) selected by cluster–random samplings were sent to all the universities. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical measures of mean and standard deviation were used in order to describe the date. Different areas of educational needs in the course of training course were respectively as follow: scope of research in variables of familiarity with methods of preparing and publishing articles in ISI journals, writing scientific texts, personal development scope variables in the manner of doing internal and external scientific correspondence, English grammar and conversation, scope of information technology and searching resources and familiarity with SPSS variables, medical education communication and consultation with students and teaching methods and techniques in execution and management especially time management variable and evaluation in terms of familiarity with modern methods of student assessment. In religious courses, workshops for ethics in education and scientific and professional ethics are necessary for faulty members. Faculty members of the university tend to participate in personal development and information technology areas as well as some medical training workshops in person, but prefer to participate in assessment and cultural areas as well as some workshops in executive and management in distance courses. Faculty members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences have educational needs for research, personal development and information technology areas, so it is suggested that these items should be a priority for faculty members’ empowerment workshops. Administrative and management, assessment and cultural areas have not been pretty remarkable, so it is suggested that the scores of all these seven areas offered and homogenized so that the importance of one area does not affect the other areas. It is highly recommended that virtual educational infrastructure and facilities be provided at the university so that faculty members can easily enjoy the benefits of distance training.

Nowadays, organizations to survive and gain competitive advantage require structural changes for conforming to their surrounding environmental changes. Many organizations are becoming learning organizations for this purpose. The purpose of this article was to determine profile of learner's organization in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, using continuous system linked organizational model based on different levels of education. This is an applied study using a practical survey; Statistical community include people in all different organizational levels of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, (consisting of 1517 people) which have been working during 2008-2009 academic year. Using formula, a sample of 260 people was randomly studied. Sample size allocation to different study groups was according to performance size. Data collection consisted of a questionnaire with 50 questions on a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using statistical tests ANOVA and Student-T Test. The results of the research showed a community of 52% women and 48% men; of which 56.15% had a bachelorette degree (BS or BA), 18.85% masters and general practitioners degree (MS, MA or MSc.) and 16.16% specialist's doctorate and PhD degrees. The results showed none of the people in different educational backgrounds evaluated the University as a learning organization. Among the five dimensions of learning organization model; people and knowledge, there was no significant difference at different levels of education. While there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the learning, organization and technology dimensions. The most points in learning dimension (20.70), organization (19.17) and technology (20.70) and overall assessment (93.91) belonged to groups with less than BA education. According to research results, university in different educational levels was not assess as a learning organization and the weakest subsystems, was related to learning subsystem. No organization can survive without continuous learning. Managers must facilitate learning as a major activity, on this basis, the special attention of university decision makers are needed to move towards a learning organization. In this context the university can establish and develop an on time and flexible learning programs at top of its agenda.

Sleep is an essential element for proper academic performance in medical students, but today’s young students are deprived of this. Previous studies in other countries showed high prevalence of sleep disturbances in college students, which a ffect their academic performance. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia in medical students of Qazvin University and its relation with their academic performance. This cross sectional self-administered questionnaire based survey was conducted at Qazvin University of medical sciences from 1-31 March, 2013. The participants were medical students. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was completed to identify prevalence of insomnia. Average of grade point was recorded for academic performance. Out of 230 medical students, 170 (73.9%) participated in the study. Mean sleep duration of students was 6.1±1.3 hours. The ISI score demonstrated that 28.8% of students were considered to have no clinical significant insomnia. Also, 71.2% of them were considered to have sub threshold and moderate severity of insomnia. Abnormal ISI score and lower hours of sleeping were associated with lower academic achievement (P<0.05). This study showed high prevalence of insomnia in medical students. Also, it was observed that the insomniac students did not achieve good academic performance.

The most important characteristics and attributes «information and communication technology ((ICT» based on producing, processing and disseminating. The use of Web-based training courses as complement are preparing flexible education system for development scientific content and increasing depth learning. In present study we assessing the view point of faculty members about requirements to implementation multimedia techniques- based learning. This qualitative study was performed by structured interview through 15 educational informants. The information attains procedure of producing multimedia content for effective education. We inquire the amount of necessary training through web, and the necessities of educational multimedia content preparation. Use of multimedia content has a positive impact on the quality and speed learning, increase motivation, reduce the cost of learning and support self study. This possibility facilities access to resources and information. For the multimedia content is essential to respect the predisposing conditions. Combining multimedia projects with classroom training lead to facilitate "teaching – learning” process. Teachers can utilize it with careful planning and use of available facilities.

The matching criteria for the standard academic libraries and university libraries in the principles that thelibrary can achieve long-term goals help University research & education and lack of attention to this issue will lead todelays or failure to achieve these goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of medical library of Shahid Babaee faculty of medicine and its sixdependent hospital libraries of Qazvin University of medical sciences, and its comparison with the Standards of Academic Library. A descriptive epidemiology method was used in this study. The study population consisted of libraries of Shahid Babaeefaculty of medicine and its dependent clinical centers. Standardized questionnaire and a check list were used to collect data. The findings indicate that, in connection with the human specialist, all 7 managers of official's library have not librarianeducation degree. 57% of the libraries surveyed (4 libraries) have organizational charts and division of work in the library, and 71.4% (5 libraries) had written procedures and policies which were provided for their staff and managers. Libraries have not anindependent budget for their selves. 71.4% (5 libraries) of the library have a reading hall. In 71.4% a separated space has not beeneither for library materials technology or for staffs. however some factors are near to standards level, but the staff –student ratio, specialist staff, standard spaces, in theselibraries are below the standards level and its need more and properly Attention of managers of Qazvin University of medicalsciences to improve and to reach to the standard goals of medical libraries.

The most critical asset each organization is human resource. Today organizations to survive in complex and challenging environment to Human resources empowerment needs. Empowerment of staff is one of the effective tools to increase efficiency. The most important factor for the preservation and conservation organizations to make optimal use of the capacity of individual or group of individuals in order to grow the organization is the empowering. The aim of this paper is to investigate different aspects Empowerment of employees in the health sector. This paper uses Persian Studies Library and Search Databases (SID, Magiran, Google) in both (direct Science) keywords empowerment of human resources, human resources efficiently and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the health system do are. Time frame for collecting articles from 1990 to 2012. A large part of the business process changes through changes in staff skills sessions. Of such a change in motivation, self-esteem, creativity and type of technology, knowledge and skills of individuals noted that all these organizations are increasing productivity. Empowerment and development of human resources management approach and process is continuous and permanent, in which employees are empowered to make their own decisions. Main source of staff empowerment is to maintain competitive advantage for any organization; the organization's director is the most important factor. Accelerating economic developments, technological and competitive challenges faced by organizations in recent decades has. Organizations to maintain their competitive edge in the changing environment and the profound changes sweeping the vision, mission and bring their own programs, the staff empowerment maintain competitive advantage of the main factor in organizations.

Relations between male and female undergraduate students need to have good communication skills. Arelation appropriate will improve the scientific level of progress. On the contrary, improper or abnormal relationship leadsto decreased academic performance and sometimes irreversible damage The present study investigated pathology of the relationships between men and women in Qazvin University ofMedical Sciences. Sampling method was used available method. There were 50 students, (29 male and 21 female) that duringindividual adviser sessions (over 10 to 12 sessions), were evaluated with psychological approach and homework. The data homework collected through student reports, the consequences of vulnerabilities include: lack ofconcentration, inattention in class, class absenteeism, academic failure, insomnia, loss of appetite, rumination, decreasedmotivation, suicidal thoughts, family indifference, false belief about their abilities, attitudes to drug addiction and roleAmbiguity. Identification of traumatic factors in relationship between male and female and the empowerment themagainst risks caused by improper connection could be Promotion of scientific and social progress. It is suggested, toachieve these objectives Authorities should pay more attention to counseling offices at universities.

The main assumption in the exam scoring system consists of multiple choice questions is that the number of choice is limited, so if the student don’t knows the correct answer can guess it. The most common way to stop guessing, assigning a negative score. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of negative score on the results of an exam. This article is descriptive study of student score and grades before and after applying a negative score, and then again after the changes done by the Department of Basic Sciences. Encompassing 58 scores entered in SPSS v19 and analyzed using paired t-test was performed. To clarify the relationship between students rank, the Spearman correlation test was used. The mean score before and after applying a negative score, and then again after the changes done by the Department are 11.59 ± SD 2.34, 10.90 ± SD 2.14 and 12.45 ± SD 2.19, respectively. T test results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the three modes. (P value for all three <0.001) Spearman correlation coefficients between three models are the 0.94, 0.94 and 0.98 (P value for all three 0.001) Although the use of correction formulas has its fans, but the results of this study and the related literature indicates, using the correct formula for the prevention of guessing is not recommended to increase the credibility and differentiation and other methods may be used.

Clinical training of medical students is a set of practical and scientific training which aims, Created necessary conditions for knowledge, skills and attitudes of students to gain promotion skills. The purpose of this paper is to identify the strengths Andragogy in clinical teaching. A narrative review of published articles in Persian journals from 1380 to 1392, and magazine articles published in English from 2005 to 2013 Since the students are adults Therefore, the education of the students Principles taken from approach Andragogy utilized. These principles are: Need to learn, Direction learners, the learning experience, Readiness to learn, Orientation to learning, Motivation to learn. This paper describes the method described and explain the clinical training Andragogy principles, To examine ways to improve clinical education through applying the principles Andragogy discussed.