مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پاییز 1390)

As respect to this thatGinkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbs which is used to treat amnesia. In this research we investigate the effects of Ginkgo Biloba on passive avoidance learning via measurement STL (Step Through Latency) in male wistar rat. The powder of extractGinkgo biloba buying from Drug Ahura Company in Iran with no addictive materials and testing on male wistar rat. We use the dosages 40، 65، 90 mg/kg and the dosage 65 mg/kg is as effective dosage. The unit that we use in this test is shuttle box. The unit of Passive Avoidance Learning is shuttle box. The base of this type of learning was the relation between conditioned stimulus (dark) and unconditioned stimulus (electrical shocks). The dosage 65 mg/kg has the most effect and select as effective dosage (p < 0. 05) that cause increase in STL (second) and corticosterone (mg/dl).

Vitex-agnus castus& Foeniculum vulgare is without doubt the most important herb used by natural therapists for the treatment of female hormone problems. But there isn’t any report about the effect of thisVitex-agnus castus aqueous extract and A. Putting together Vitex-agnus castus and Foeniculum vulgare on serum LH، FSH،Testosteron in male. This project investigates the effects of Vitex-agnus castus and Foeniculum vulgare administration on serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH)، Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone levels in male NMRI mice. This is an experimental study in which adult male mice were chosen and divided into two groups: control and experimental. The experimental group divided into five groups. Any groups were including eight mice. Animals were daily injected (i. p.) with 100، 200 mg/kg of foeniculum vulgare aqueous extract and 300، 400 of Vitex agnus aqueous extract and 600 mg/kg of A. putting together Vitex agnus and Foeniculum vulgare aqueous extract for sixteen consecutive days. Then the animals were weighed and eventually، anesthesia by ketamin and xylozine، blood sample were collected from heart، 2 weeks after the last injection. Animals'' blood Serum levels of LH، FSH and testosterone were measured by RIA method. The caudal part of the right epididymis was used for sperm couting. After macroscopic investigation (weight، diameter and volume of testis) tissues were fixed in formalin 10% fixative. Tissues were cut at 5 µm، stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H& E). Ccollected data was analyzed by the SPSS software by using one-way ANOVAand Tukey. No significant differences in body weight، volume، weight and diameter of testis was seen. The effects of Vitex-agnus castus aqueous extract & Foeniculum vulgare aqueous extract، to cause decrease serum Testostern، LH and FSH release compand to controls. Result of sperm count، showed a significant decreasing in 300، 400 doses and compose doses 600 of Vitex and Foeniculum. Vitex-agnus castus &Foeniculum vulgare contains essential fatty acids and estrogenic compound. The results suggest that its extracts may act through the hypothalamo-hypophysel-gonadal axis or direct effect on pituitary.

Whereas the perception of present species in under management areas is one of the most important bases in the wildlife management، so this study was carried out in order to determination of vertebrates fauna in Dez area from 19 February 2010 to 6 October 2011. In this study direct observation and remaining signs such as pellet، track and carrion; for all orders were used also for gathering the species such as turtles and amphibians the creel with 60×60 mm mesh size were utilized too. Generally during the 70 visits within the area 81 vertebrates consist of 65 birds in 49 genuses، 34 families and 11 orders were recorded which the globally endangered Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris and Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii were of them. Of mammals 7 species in 6 genuses، 5 families and 4 orders were observed that Sand Fox was the only protected species of them. Also of reptiles 8 species in 7 genuses، 7 families and 2 orders were recognized that globally endangered Mesopotamian soft-shelled turtle was of them. Just one species of amphibians Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda were seen in the area.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease caused by male nutrition and drug side effects. The treatment with chemical drugs is along with Physiological problems. Problems such as self -immunity has brought many efforts for finding new treatments for Gastric ulcer. Probiotic bacteria are the dominant digestive organisms used in the treatment of digestive diseases. One of the most important groups of probiotic bacteria is lactic acid، normally used as the ferment of dairy products The aim of this study is to investigate the restorative effect of probiotic bacteria isolated from native dairy products on healing gastric (stomach) ulcer of male wistar rats. In this study، the mice were randomly divided into three groups including the experimental، control 1 and control 2 groups. After tolerating Twenty-four hours of hunger، mice received surgery and Gastric (stomach) ulcer was created through injection of 12 / 0 ml of acetic acid (60%v/ v). One day after the surgery، the experimental group received 10 × 1010 cfu / day bacterial solution in one ml of sterilized milk، and control groups were respectively treated by one ml of sterilized milk and 2 ml of water through gavage until the time of dissecting. the mice were killed at 1، 4، 7، 10 and 14 days after building the stomach ulcer. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software and test results as Mean ± SEM were reported. The strains of bacteria Lactobacillus casei have significantly decreased the dimensions (sizes) of gastric (stomach) ulcer of the experimentalgroup than the control group 1 and 2 (p < 0 / 001) and have increased gastric ulcer healing. Thehistological studies on the fourth day showed a significant increase of neutrophils، macrophages and fibroblasts in the experimental group than control groups and on the 7th، 10thand 14thday showed significant reduction of neutrophils and macrophages in the experimental group in comparison with control groups. Fibroblasts were significantly increased in the experimental group on 7thday and decreased in 10thand 14thday in comparison with control groups. The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei have a significant restorative effect on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

In this research، the fishes fauna of Bidoaz River was studied. This river is a permanent water source which flows in Northern Khorasan province. The total water-shed of this river covers an area of about 434 km2. During several field works، a total of 136 fish were sampled by appropriate tools and the collected specimens were transferred to the laboratory where then they were killed by ethanol injection to their brain. Afterwards، the morphologic، biometric and biomeristic characters of samples were examined any using the available keys they were taxonomically identified. In general، three species of fish all belonging to Cypriniformis، including Schizothorax pelzami، Capoeta fusca and Nemachilus malapteruruswere recognized. In addition، the sex ratio of these taxons were examined and a significant difference (P<0. 05) was seen in terms of male/ female ratio.

This research was conducted to the study of population structure macrobenthic fauna in six rivers (Ghale Dibaj، Zardavan Dibaj، Sarcheshmeh Dibaj، Absij، Abrendan، Kalateh pirkhoshdar) of northen Damghan during a period of one year from July 2009June 2010. The attention of Macrobenthic distribution and diversity and the study was conducted، Sample was Taken monthly basis using a mesh frame Surber Sampler was 35×35 Centimeter. Samples collected were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution and then transferred to the laboratory. Throughout the year18 families belonging to11orders were identified. Their abundance changed in different months of the year. Most of the individuals belonged to five order: Amphipoda، Diptera، Ephemeroptera، Trichoptera and Tricladida that were the most abundant benthics، which dominant Order were members of Gammaridae Family in all of station (exception of six station). Bedding material had a direct effect on biodiversity and species density. Existingconditionsof the regionshowed thatexisting sources (exceptriversKalatePyrkhoshdar) forfishincludingtroutSalmon cellaranditisexcellent.

This study to 6 weeks and at the center of proliferation and bony fish Syjuval Bandar Turkman in Golestan province was on Cyprinus carpio. Experiments in four treatments and three replications were as follows: Treatment 1: control، treatment 2:3% zeolite of food weight، treatment 3:6 % zeolite of food weight، treatment 4:9 % zeolite of food weight. Feeding rate of 10 percent based on total body weight of fish a repeat a day. Given the importance of the physical and chemical factors and their impact on water supply and ultimately the fish growth، these factors were so controlled through the experiment that the amount of dissolved oxygen has always been fixed on 5. 5 - 6 ppm، the temperature 26 ± 2 0C and pH 7. 5 to 8. Cyprinus carpiofingerlings during the test meal containing SFC: 8. 7% moisture، 11. 2% Ash، 32% protein and 10. 5% fat، were fed. According to the results of this study were identified between treatments were weight and body length observed differences are statistically significant (p < 0. 05). Maximum weight and length as the maximum amount of GR، % BWI and SGR in the treatment 3 and the lowest were in the control group. While no significant differences in FCR، CF and survival were observed (p > 0. 05). The results showed that the use of zeolite improved growth in Cyprinus carpio.

The lizards of gekkonidae have not been studied systematically in Mashhad district. In this research، 280 specimens were collected from seven stations (Ahmad abad،Malek abad، Torbage، Shandyz، Tabadkan، Mayame، Razavyee) of Mashhad in spring and summer of 2009. Samples were transferred alive to the zoological lab، identified and were fixed after karyolitic studies. Identification based upon morphologic characters showed that samples belong to Caspian bent toed gecko gecko،Cyrtopodion caspium. The diploid number of 2n=38 found in Cyrtopodion caspium. The phonetic studies between populations، 18 characters were measured. T-test analysis between sexes were not significant in 18 characters (p<0. 05). One way ANOVA between populations were not significant in 18 characters. Total populations were morphologically similar to one another.