مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال چهارم شماره 3 (بهار 1391)

To the study of biological and biosystematic characteristics of Capoeta fusca Nikolskii، 1897 in Southern Khorasan province، 225 specimen were collected by Fish nets (with openings of 1 mm) of three location in Lut drainage basin and seven location in Bejestan drainage basin. In the survey were study 11 morphometric character and 6 meristic character of this species. The study of relationship between Total length- Head length، Total length- Body Depth and Head length-Body Depth factors showed they have a positive and significant correlation and have. /99 of correlation coefficient and the study Length-weight relationship in this species showed these factors have the growth negatively allometric. Also calculation of the Relative length of glutindex (RLG) and Vacuity index (VI) showed this species is an herbivorous fishand relatively gluttonous.

The present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer، 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported to laboratory for biometrical analyses. Total frequencies of species during each season were as follow: autumn 31. 7 %، winter 19. 6 %، spring 20. 5 %، and summer 28. 2 %. Eight species were identified that belonged to 3 families including: Cyprinidae (with 6 species)، Cobitidae (1 species) and Percidae (1 species)، and their relative frequencies were 78. 1 %، 21. 5% and 0. 4 %، respectively. It was found that the Capoeta capoeta، was the predominant species of Aharchay river with relative frequency of 33. 2 %.

The Caspian bent-toed gecko، Cyrtopodion caspium، is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran which consider to widespread distribution of it in the Northernprovinces، no studies have been done on its reproduction. This research was done in order to the study of anatomy and histology of the ovaries of this species every 15 days in Sari County from May 5th to October 20th 2011. The ovaries of 70 mature specimens were histologically studied during 7 month. The results of this research show that females emerge in early April after hibernation and start their oogenesis and vitellogenesis in middle April. The ovaries are pair and vesicular and consist of 3 to 8 follicles with 0. 32 to 4. 99 mm diameter. The follicular layer is polymorphic and multilayer. The diameter of follicular layer is between 30 and 70 microns in mature and immature follicles and diameter of nucleus varies between 35 and 260 microns in immature and mature follicles، respectively. The nucleoli are very large and distinguishable from April to July and their numbers vary between 2 and 30 in immature and mature follicles respectively. The diameter of nucleolus is between 20 and 70 micron. The activity of nucleoli reduces after August and they disappear in nucleus. The mean diameter of tunica albuginea is 10 micron. The maximal activity of ovaries is in May and June. The oogenesis، vitellogenesis and oviposition of this species are completely stopped in early August.

Nicotine is an alkaloid that is used by millions of people around the world through smoking and Effectsonthebody، especially the endocrine system. On the other hand، millions of people in the world suffer from diabetes. Hence، this study investigated the effects of nicotine on serum levels of the hormone glucagon and glucose was performed in adult male rats. Thisstudyisanexperimental study. In this research، 50 male mature rats with an averageweight of220-250 grams were enrolled as the experiment، witness and control groups. The experimental group was divided into 3 subgroups and 0. 5، 1 and 1. 5 mg per kg of nicotine was injectedintraperitoneally for 5 days. Around the sametimeevery day1 ml Physiological serum was given to the witness group، but the control group did not receive anything. At the end of 6 days، blood sample was taken from the heart ventral areas and the Serum levelsof glucagonhormone were measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method and the commercial kits. The results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. According to the results of this study، Nicotineatalldosessignificantly increasedserum levels ofthe hormoneglucagon and glucose andthedosageincreased، the rateofincreaseishigher (P<0. 01). Theresults ofthis studycanbeconcluded thatnicotine whichstimulateglucagonsecretion.

Camphor is a plant from Lauraceae family. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power. In this investigation، camphor’s effect on spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out. Investigated parameters are the numbers of Leydig cells، sperm and testosterone concentration and LH. We use 36adult male mice with average weight of 34 ± 1 gr and age of 10 weeks. The animals divided to 9 groups with 4 animals in each group. The control group received no injection. The sham group received olive oil as camphor’s dissolver. The treatment animals received camphor solution in concentration of 5،20 and 50 mg/kg (b. w) each amount 0/02 cc intraperitioneally for 2 weeks. Treatment group were sacrificed 1 day after the last injection and the posttreatment group 1 week after that. After injection، the animals were weighed. Then bloodsampling and sacrificed. The results show significant increase at P < 0/05 in the number of Leydig cells and sperm and concentration of testosterone and LH in treatment animals than control animals. Thus due to increase of the mentioned hormones and the number of Leydig cells and sperm it is concluded that camphor may cause increasing of spermatogenesis.

Studies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens (intra-NAc) injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpirid) in nicotine’s effect on morphine-induced amnesia. This experimental study was performed on 185 male rats. Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride، plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the nucleus accumbens shell. The behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task، and the step-through latency for entering into the dark compartment was measured for the assessment of memory retention. The amnesia induced by post-training morphine restores with pre-test injection of morphine، nicotine or nicotine plus ineffective dose of morphine. In contrast، pre-test intra-NAc injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride) which had no effect on memory alone prevented the nicotine reversal effect on morphine memory impairment. These results suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor of the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the morphine-induced amnesia.

Streptococcosis /Entrococcosisis important disease in aquaculturewhich are duo to gram positive bacteria such as cocci in fresh and salty water fish and cause infectious and septicemia. In recent decades the mentioned diseases caused economic damages. One of the most important cocci are lactic acid bacteria. They invaded to fish farms and caused to death of them. The aim of this research was identification of gram positive and pathogenic cocci form bacteria in rainbow trout farms in North West area of Fars province by cultivation and PCR methods. At first 90 samples of rainbow trout were collected from farms where might be contaminated. Then dead and sick fish were identified and their clinical profiles were recorded. Sampling from their kidney was done for cultivating bacteria and doing biochemical test to identify them. In the next step for determination of antibiotic that was effective on identified bacteria antibiogram test was done. At the end identification of bacteria was done by PCR method in the base of 16srRNA gene. In this research 43 gram positive cocci were identified they included: 4. 6% Streptococcus iniae، 23. 3 % Lactococcus graviae، and 72. 1 % Streptococcus milleri. The result of PCR test showed that identified bacteria belonged to lactic acid bacteriathat caused diseases in the fish. As regards the diseases are common between human and aquaculture and they cause economical damages so identification and treatment of these infectious agents are important. Clinical symptoms of bacteria which cause the diseases are similar so the best method for identification of them is PCR.

Mountain racerunner (Eremias montanus) of Lacertidea family is a native species (Endemic) Zagros Mountains، which so far only in a limited area of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces is reported. This species low population and low distribution terms of the conservation area is an important. In this study، that from during spring، summer and fall while starting activity species after hibernation done، taba was to investigate variables related to species habitat suitable habitat are identified and modeled. In sampling stager at observation point in path of the line transect habitat parameters and presence and absence of species were recorded. Based on 75 plot in the presence and absence of plote was harvested. Binary Logistic Regression was performed to develop the distribution model of the Mountain racerunner according to habitat variabla. Finally، the significant parameters in this model were amount of vegetation، amount of Rocky and stony، aspect، slop and heigh. Based on the result، suitable habitat for Eremias montanus was considered as all the high mountain area and steep habitat with dense shrub cover.