مجله بیماری های مشترک انسان و دام
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Salmonella spp. is the most common zoonotic pathogen of human and animals which found worldwide. Moreover of problem with infection and pathogenecity of these bacteria, their multiple drug resistance is a main problem in many countries. The resistant bacteria to antibiotics could emerge and dominant after administration of these drugs and can transmit to intestinal bacteria of human via plasmid's conjugation by consumption of contaminated foods or direct contact with animals. In this study, plasmid profiles of Iranian animal salmonella isolates were determined and relationship between transmissibility of resistance to commonly used antibiotics includes: ampicillin, vancomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and trimethoprim, and their ability of transfer the resistance to gut bacteria were studied. The results showed that 25.92%, 27.77%, 27.77%, 12.96%, 3.7% and 1.85% of salmonella isolates were resistant to 5, 4, 3, 2, 6 and 1 antibiotic respectively. Also, plasmid profile of these isolates showed 66.66% carried 1 plasmid with 12 kbp weight, 25.92% carried 2 plasmids with 12 and 1 kbp weight, 1.85% carried 1 plasmid with 1 kbp weight and 1.85% carried 2 plasmids with 12 kbp and 1.3 kbp weight. However most of salmonella isolates only showed a 12 kbp plasmid but some showed 12 kbp and 1 kbp plasmid profile. High drug resistant salmonella strains were conjugated with E.coli O2 K12. The results showed that transmission of resistance to: ampicillin, vancomycin and kanamicin were completely successful. While the transmission of ceftazidim and thrimetoprim were done partially. In conclusion we showed that animal source salmonella can transmit plasmids responsible for multi drug resistance to E.coli and should be consider in management of disease control.

Salmonellosis caused by bacteria from the genus of salmonella. Motile Salmonellaserotypes can infect a very wide variety of hosts such as birds. Pigeons infected tosalmonella can directly and indirectly cause infections in commercial poultry andconsequently in humans by consumption of infected poultry meat and egg. So in thisstudy, existence of salmonella contamination in domestic pigeons of Shahrekord districtwas investigated. In this survey, we take feces samples from 200 pigeons of throughoutthe Shahrekord district. After traveling to laboratory of veterinary faculty of ShahrekordUniversity, samples were cultured in Selenit F broth and then SS agar and incubated for24 hours. Suspected colonies cultured in TSI, Urea broth and other selected media.Results showed that one pigeon (0.5%) was contaminated to salmonella. It could beconcluded that there is salmonella contamination in pigeons of Shahrekord district. Sothese birds can count as a source for contaminating of broiler and layer chickens andconsequently human salmonella infections, therefore suitable hygienic measurementsshould be applied to prevent this transmission.

In the food industry to increase shelf life and maintain quality by reducing, eliminatingor controlling disease-causing germs or food spoilage occurs. The proof of the harmfuleffects of chemical preservatives, replacing them with a variety of natural ingredientssuch as essential oils and discussion of natural antibiotics is increasing. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the antibacterial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC) of plant essential oils rosemary,cinnamon, oregano and cumin, alone and in combination with nisin against Salmonellatyphimurium phage type 138 Issue 2 At the heart of the broth - was Brain. In this study,the concentration of 600 micrograms per ml of essential oil and nisin 5/2 microgramsper ml at a temperature of 15 ° C and pH of five, six and seven were studied. In thisstudy Salmonella typhimurium, respectively, cinnamon essential oil, rosemary, cuminand oregano had a deterrent effect. Nisin alone was ineffective on Salmonellatyphimurium. But in keeping with the highest synergistic effect of the essential oilsfrom cinnamon, rosemary, cumin done. Synergy effects were seen in Pune.However,studies in experimental models and generalized models of its food requirement.

Milk and dairy products especially in the raw milk are major sources of humaninfection. However their contamination to objects such as Yersinia enterocolitica canaffect human being harmfully. This study aimed at identification of Yersiniaenterocolitica in pasteurized and raw dairy products and serotype O:3 identification viathe culture and PCR methods. The period of Jun 2010 to Jun 2011, 400 samples of dairyproducts were randomly collected from dairy supply market in three provinces ofChaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Khozestan and Fars. For Yersinia enterocoliticaidentification were tested by bacteriology method. Bacterial isolated for identificationserotype O:3 of Yersinia enterocolitica were tested by PCR method. Of 400 sampleswere studied, six samples (1.5%) were recognized infectious by Yersinia enterocoliticain culture method which three isolates (5%) from raw cow milk, two isolates (10%)from traditional ice-cream, and one bacteria (3.3%) from traditional Cheese wereisolated. From these six isolated, 4 samples (66.6%) were belong to serotype O:3 that inthis regard, two to serotype O:3 from traditional ice-cream and two serotype from cowmilk were isolated by PCR test. The importance of dairy products in transition ofYersinia enterocolitica to humans, accurate observance basis pasteurization and don’tused raw dairy products and used PCR method for identification direct infection in foodis recommendation.

Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic pathogen in human and animals and cause hardeffects. The main transmission way of this bacteria to human is by using ofcontaminated foods. Fish and poultry meat are known as the two important and mainfood source for human. Therefore isolation of this bacteria from these two food sourceis much important. In this study 100 sample of poultry meat and 100 sample of Turkeymeat and 100 sample of fish meat obtained from Shahrekord markets. These samplesenriched in listeria enrichment broth for 48 hour, then cultured in listeria selective agarand colonies suspected to be listeria monocytogenes, identified and for final purposebiochemical and microbiological tests performed. Listeria monocytogenes isolated fromsamples were studied by SDS-PAGE. SDS-PAGE protein profiles obtained werespecies specific. SDS-PAGE showed approximately 14 bands with molecular weightsranging between 30 and 180 KDa. Total protein patterns were strictly specific forspecies. At last from 100 poultry meat, 5 samples (5%) and from 100 Turkey meat, 5samples (5%) realized to be contaminated to this bacteria, and from 100 fish sample nobacteria isolated. In comparison with the world average, the contamination to thisbacteria in Shahrekord is low, but regarding of hygiene principles in cooking foods andprocess foods seems necessary and important.

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined anti-staphylococcal effect of cuminessential oil with norfloxacin. The oil was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Cuminaldehyde was the most abundant (21.27%) constituent. The microdilution broth assaywas applied to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The standardmethicillin sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 198 Μg/ml) and themethicillin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC= 264-396 μg/ml)were the most sensitive and resistant organisms against the essential oil, respectively.The combined application of the essential oil and norfloxacin against methicillinsensitive or resistant Staphylococcus aureus was decreased significantly whencompared to their single application. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices(FICIs) indicated the synergism phenomenon (FICIs = 0.37-0.5) between the essentialoil and norfloxacin against the methicillin resistant isolates. In addition, theantimicrobial interactions against the methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus wereadditive (FICI = 0.62). The results showed that the used antimicrobial combinationcould be considered as an appropriate alternative instead of synthetic antimicrobialagents.

Iidentifications of Bacillus species is very important Because of dispersion in the environment and their application in biotechnology. In the present text, sporulation stage genes were studied which are unique to Bacillus. 17spoIIPgene sequences of Bacillus anthracis obtained from the NCBI website were studied using software CLC Main Workbench 5-6-1 - Limited Mode. The RFLP patterns were obtained by cutting the gene sequences with the 15 restriction enzymes and then compared together. Since the patterns of cutting of Bacillus anthracis were different from other bacilli, it was possible to design the specific primers for initiation and end of the genes and then amplified the sequence specifically. Finally, based on the restriction enzymes patterns, identification of bacteria were done in species and subspecies levels.

In the spring 2012, some of stockbreeders in Kouh-Khajeh area of Sistan district in Irancomplained severely because of an acute fatal disease in their sheep flocks that could not be removed by antibiotic therapies. The mortality rate has been estimated 97 out of 3000 (3.23%) sheep population. The clinical signs were progressive anaemia, emaciation, diarrhoea, Ascite and bottle jaw. In necropsy of some dead sheep, hepatomegaly and subcapsular hemorrhage were detected. Also the migratory tracks of flukes were observed. The haematological findings revealed Macrocytic Hypochromic Anemia in affected sheep. For treatment of this subacute fascioliasis, Triclabendazole and Clostridial vaccine were used effectively. Acute and subacute fascioliases are not prevalent parasitic disease in dry and desert climates. Sistan is on of the driest areas in Iran and occurrence of subacute fascioliasis in this area is extraordinary and should be noted to prevent veterinary and human disadvantages.