مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 103، اردیبهشت 1394)

Psychological and behavioral domains involve important issues in coping with diabetes. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between resilience and hardiness in patients with diabetes 2 in Yazd. This study is a descriptive-correlation study which the sample consisted of 310 diabetic patients (160 women and 150 men). In order to glean the study data, Caner and Diveson psychological resilience and Ahvaz psychological hardiness questionnaires were applied. Data analysis was performed via SPSS18 software utilizing Pearson correlation and independent T-test. The study results indicated that a significant correlation was observed between resilience and hardiness in each group as well as within all patients with diabetes. Comparing the means of the two groups in regard with resilience and hardiness, it was demonstrated that the differences between men and women with respect to hardiness was significant (t=3/19, p=0/04), though the means of the two groups for resilience was not significant. Regarding the positive relationship between hardiness and resilience, it could be expected that employing proper treatment in order to increase resilience and hardiness in diabetes, will lead to a decrease in perception of psychological problems, as well as an increase in quality of life.

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetic microvascular. Hence, the present study intended to compare the effect of two protocols of aerobic and resistance exercises on balance and neuron growth factor in men with diabetic neuropathy. In this experimental study, being diagnosed with neuropathy by a proficient physician, the patients were divided into three groups of ten (control, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise groups). The two training groups did the exercises for eight weeks, and each exercise session lasted for 45-60 minutes three times a week. Each group took Time Up & Go, 5chair stand and Berg balance scale tests before and after the training period and NGF was detected through lab kits. The study results demonstrated that in the aerobic exercise group, indicators of neuron growth factor (P≤0.001), TUG(P≤0.001), 5CS (P≤0.001) and overall balance indicator significantly improved. Moreover, the findings revealed that in the weight-bearing resistance exercise group functional improvement was displayed in NGF, TUG, 5CS and Berg tests (P≤0.001). However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in TUG, BBS and 5CS tests, so as the aerobic exercise group manifested more improvement (P≤0.001). Neuron Growth Factor increased significantly more (P≤0.001) in aerobic exercise group than in resistance exercise group. Aerobic and resistance exercises both can improve neuromuscular and balance performance. Moreover, both exercises can increase Neuron Growth Factor in patients with diabetic neuropathy, though compared to resistance exercises, aerobic exercise proved to be more effective.

Oral mucositis is one of the most important side effects of chemotherapy. Bone marrow transplantation is one of the common ways to rescue many patients’ life, therefore, this study intended to investigate the prevalence of oral mucositis and its related factors (age-gender-type of transplantation –site of involvement-smoking-medication except chemotherapy drugs-history of chemotherapy-allergy-oral hygiene) in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation in Tehran Shariaty hospital during 1 year. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients with BMT. The sampling method was sequential and the study data were gleaned via inspection, clinical examination, questionnaire, medical record examinations in Tehran Shariaty hospital. After collecting the data, SPSS statistic software (version 11/5) was utilized via applying chi-square test in order to analyze the study data. Out of 80 patients (50 men and 30 women), 65 persons (81/25 %) were reported to have oral mucositis. Most of the patients revealed more than 2 involved regions. Among related factors, a significant relationship was found between history of chemotherapy and mucositis. According to high prevalence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing BMT (81/25 %), oral mucositis is supposed to be one of the most serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs, which requires more effective solutions to be controlled so as patients’ quality of life could be improved.

The first outcome of living with low physical activity is weight gain over time, which is associated with the onset and development of cardiovascular disease. In regard to importance of Apo I-A in the process of reverse cholesterol transport and producing HDL particles, this study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on Apo I-A in overweight women. By a paper recall, 24 overweight women were selected and randomly assigned into aerobic, resistance and control groups. The aerobic group were required to exercise based on aerobic program three days per week for 2 months, the resistance group accomplished resistance exercises in the same time manner, and the control group remained sedentary. Forty-eight hours before and after the two-month program, blood samples were obtained from all subjects in the same conditions. BFP, HDL, LDL and Apo I-A were measured via one-way ANOVA with between group factor methods using SPSS software version 16. The results demonstrated that two months of aerobic exercise significantly decreased BFP and LDL levels (p=0.00092, p=0.00056 respectively). Levels of HDL and Apo I-A significantly increased compared to the control group (p=0.0022, p=0.00391 respectively). Moreover due to the two month resistance training, BFP and LDL levels significantly decreased (p=0.00238 and p=0.00066 respectively), whereas levels of HDL and Apo I-A significantly increased (p=0.0254 and p=0.00519 respectively). Overweight women regardless of the type of training can engage in regular physical activity which in addition to the weight loss, they can benefit by improving levels of lipoproteins and reverse cholesterol transport, as well as by preventing the cardiovascular disease.

Recently, such alternative methods for tooth preparation as laser irradiation have been studied increasingly, though limited numbers of studies have been conducted in regard with primary teeth. Microleakage involves one of the prominent criteria in evaluating success of adhesive restorative materials. Therefore, the objective of this in vitro study was to compare marginal microleakage of three restorative materials in cl V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser in primary teeth.

Forty five primary canine teeth were randomly divided in 3 groups. Class V cavities were prepared via Er:YAG laser on buccal surface. The groups 1,2,3 were restored according to the manufacturer's instructions with resin-modified glass ionomer, composite resin and compomer respectively. Then all specimens were polished, thermocycled, and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and sectioned buccolingually. The specimens were assessed under a stereomicroscope(X20). It should be noted that microleakage assessment was performed by two evaluators who were cognizant of micro leakage scoring (0 to 4). Moreover, the study data were analyzed by applying Exact-test.

The study results revealed no significant difference between microleakage of three groups (P-value =0.422).

These three restorative materials(resin-modified glass ionomer, composite resin, compomer) were proved to be proper for restoring cl V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser in primary teeth.

Fissure sealant is the most effective method to prevent occlusal surface caries of posterior teeth. In recent years, the use of laser for enamel surface pretreatment has been considered as an effective method before applying fissure sealant. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser conditioning on fissure sealant microleakage.

In this experimental study, total of 60 extracted third molars were randomly assigned into four groups(n=15). The occlusal surfaces were sealed with a sealant (clinpro) after one of the following pretreatments: 1- Phosphoric acid etching + total etch bonding, 2- Laser + self etch bonding, 3- Laser + total etch bonding, 4- Laser + Phosphoric acid etching + total etch bonding. The parameters of used laser was 120 mj energy and pulse duration of 250-500 µs with frequency 4 Hz. After sealing, the teeth were thermocycled at 500 cycles and immersed in methylen blue 1% for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned buccolingually and examined for microleakage. Statistical analysis were preformed via applying Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney.

The study results indicated significant differences between 4 groups (p<0.05) except for groups 1 and 4 (p=0.3). Moreover, the highest microleakage was observed in group 3, whereas the lowest was reported in group 4.

It seems that conventional acid etching technique is the best and simplest method of Sealant therapy.

Anxiety is a common emotional response in women during labor that may cause a prolonged labor and fatigue for the mother. Many steps have recently been taken to reduce the anxiety during labor which tend to utilize herbal medicine, therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of saffron oral capsules on anxiety and Fatigue during the first stage of labor.

This triple blind clinical trial was accomplished on 60 women who were candidate for normal vaginal delivery in 17 sharivar hospital in Mashhad in 2014. The study participants were selected via convenience sampling and then divided into two groups of intervention (250 mg saffron capsules) and control (placebo). Fatigue and anxiety were measured at the beginning of the study and then every two hours until the end of the active phase of labor via a visual analog scale. The study data were analyzed by chi-square test, independent T-test, Mann-Whitney and multivariate via SPSS software version 11/5(p value of less than 0/05 was considered significant).

Mean anxiety score of saffron group was 26/4±16/9, whereas it was 46/5±18/8 in the placebo group and thus, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P= 0.001). The mean fatigue score in the Saffron group (57/7±20/9) was significantly lower (P=0.004) than that of the placebo group (73/8 ± 21/4).

The study findings revealed that saffron can be prescribed in order to reduce maternal anxiety and fatigue.

Para-nonylphenol (p-NP) is an important environmental pollutant that can affect the male reproductive system through endocrine disruption and inducing of oxidative stressence. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on testicular tissue and sperm parameters (count, motility, viability and morphology), sperm DNA and chromatin abnormalities against toxicity induced by p-NP in adult NMRI mice.

Twenty-four adult male NMRI mice (32±3g) were divided into 4 groups (n=6): control, NSO (5ml/kg/day), p-NP (250mg/kg/day) and p-NP+NSO. After 34 days of oral treatment, the left testis was removed and used for histopathological observations. Left caudal epididymis was cut in the Ham’s F10 and released spermatozoa were utilized in order to analyze sperm motility, viability, number and morphology. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue. The blood serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. The study data were analyzed utilizing one Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test, and P<0.05 was considered as the significant level.

A significant decrease was observed in the p-NP group in regard with the motility, viability, number, normal sperm morphology, diameter of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium thickness, whereas a significant increase was reported in regard with the diameter of the seminiferous tubules lumen and MDA levels compared to the control group. Above parameters were significantly compensated by Nigella sativa oil in p-NP+NSO group compared to Para-nonylphenol group. The application of Nigella sativa oil alone significantly increased the number, motility, normal morphology of the sperm and significantly decreased the MDA levels compared to the control group.

The study results indicated that the Nigella sativa oil, as a potent antioxidant, could compensate for the toxicity induced by p-NP.

Happiness is one of human personality features which can assist with overcoming the stresses and pressures of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the levels of happiness amongst general practice trainers of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences. This descriptive study was conducted on 210 medical students who were selected through simple random sampling. The data were collected using Oxford Happiness questionnaire containing 5 measures of study variables as: life satisfaction, self-esteem, subjective well-being, self-satisfaction and positive mood. The happiness level over all these 5 items was 52.240±9.353 which the highest score belonged to positive mood and the lowest one was observed in subjective well-being. Regarding the overall happiness, no one was able to obtain the excellent score. As a matter of fact, generally, 68.8% of the students demonstrated a good score. The study findings demonstrated that happiness was reported in a good level within the most externs. Moreover, other studies can be conducted investigating causes of happiness in order to facilitate the development of happiness.

This study aimed to assess the position of impacted maxillary canine in panoramic radiography via two variables of angulation and magnification. In this cross-sectional study, each panoramic radiography was numbered on which the patient ‘s name was written as well. Two variables, angulation (The angle of impacted maxillary canine was measured in relation to Occlusal plane) and magnification(the ratio of the widest dimension of mesiodistal canine crown to that of the ipsilateral central incisor crown) were assessed in each panoramic radiography (44 impacted maxillary canines), then they were compared with CBCT. Kappa test was used to assess the agreement of the two variables in panoramic radiography and CBCT. Utilizing angulation variable, 41.6% buccally impacted maxillary canines and 84.3% palatally impacted maxillary canines were determined in their real positions. Moreover, magnification variable also detected 58.3% buccally impacted maxillary canines and 37.5% palatally impacted maxillary canines in their real positions. Degree of agreement between angulation and CBCT was 0.275, and it was reported 0.03 between magnification and CBCT. The study findings revealed that the angulation and magnification methods were not reliable in order to assess the impacted maxillary canines in panoramic radiography, though Angulation proved to be more successful than magnification method.