نشریه روان پرستاری
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1394)

Spiritual health is important aspect of human health that provides integrated relationship between internal strengths. Spirituality and personal beliefs help individuals against problems and make their life meaningful. This study evaluated the relationship between spiritual health and religious orientation with emotional adjustment of admitted adolescents in hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 adolescents in hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included three questionnaires: 1- Religious Orientation Scale، 2-spiritual well-being scale and 3-emotional adjustment scale. Data analyzed using SPSS-20 and with Pearson correlation test، Independent T-test، ANOVA and Multiple linear regressions. Result of this study showed that between religious orientation and emotional adjustment there was no significant relationship (P>0. 05). But a significant relationship (P<0. 0001) was found between spiritual health and emotional adjustment indicating adolescents with higher spiritual health had better emotional adjustment. The mean scores of emotional adjustment in males were significantly higher than females (p<0. 004). Age، marital status، education، ethnicity and religious ceremony were not correlated with emotional adjustment. Results of Multiple linear regression showed the score of spiritual health and gender predict %17. 1 of adolescent emotional adjustment. In hospitalized adolescents، higher spiritual health was positively associated with increased emotional adjustment. Awareness of spiritual needs and encouraging usage of spiritual intervention and support by physicians and nurses is necessary in order to conduct a holistic care during treatment.

Identifying the psychological factors is a major contributor in the management of applicants of cosmetic surgery. This study was conducted to investigate the early maladaptive schemas and general health among people seeking cosmetic surgery. This study is a descriptive-analytical and comparative study. The population of this study was the combination of patients referring to beauty clinic and some people in Isfahan City. Participants included two groups of 60 (120 individuals) who were applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants which selected through convenience sampling method. In this study data collection was made through using maladaptive schemas questionnaire (SF-YSQ) and general health (GHQ-28). Data analysis was carried out through using SPSS 18، descriptive statistics and MANOVA test. There was a significant difference between applicant and non-applicant of cosmetic surgery concerning the early maladaptive schemas (P=0. 02، F=3. 34). Results of MANOVA test showed the difference between the two groups in terms of schemas disconnection/rejection (P=0. 002، F=12. 19)، autonomy (P=0. 001، F=15. 14)، impaired limits (P=0. 016، F=6. 55) and other-directedness (P=0. 003، F=10. 79)، but there is no significant difference between the two groups of ear ringing. Also، there are significant differences between applicant and non-applicant groups in terms of public health (P=0. 04، F=5. 05). The two groups had significant difference in terms of Physical status (P=0. 033، F=5. 03)، depression (P=0. 001، F=14. 92) and anxiety (P=0. 009، F=8. 01)، but the difference of social performance was not statistically significant. Based on the identification of early maladaptive schemas and general health problems of women applicants of cosmetic surgery in current study، providing psychological treatment especially schema therapy before surgery is recommended.

There is a considerable individual variation in the levels of pain-related disability among people with chronic pain. Catastrophizing pain has been proposed to explain individual differences in the level of pain-related disability. However، this relation has not been examined amongst Iranian chronic pain patients. This study aimed to investigate whether catastrophizing pain mediate the relationship between pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic pain. In this descriptive-correlational study، 209 chronic pain patients from Tehran pain clinics were selected via a convenient sampling. The participants completed the pain intencity (sub scale from Multidimensional pain inventory)، physical disability and catastrophizing pain questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple hierarchical regressions. There were significant relationships between catastrophizing pain and pain intensity and disability (P<0. 001). Results indicated that catastrophizing pain beliefs partially mediated the effects of pain intensity on disability (β=0/38، р≤ 0/001). catastrophizing pain is one of the important factors influencing the level of perceived disability in chronic pain patients. Therefore، in addition to the pain reduction interventions، cognitive strategies based on minimizing catastrophizing beliefs could reduce pain intensity and disability in chronic pain patients.

Epilepsy is the most common neurological system disorder in the world. Many epileptic patients experience psychological problems the most common of which is depression. One of the methods that nowadays is considered for depression treatment and prevention of relapse is cognitive-therapy. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of cognitive therapy on depression in epileptic patients.. This research was an experimental study which was done on 40 epileptic patients (20 interventions and 20 control) with mild to moderate clinical depression diagnosed by Beck Depression Inventory. The people selected had the required conditions to enter the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collecting instrument was Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Researchers used this instrument for depression in both the intervention and control groups before and after intervention during cognitive therapy sessions (10 sessions of 45 min weekly) for intervention group. The data were analyzed by a SPSS version 18. Analysis of the data showed that the mean scores of Beck in intervention group after cognitive therapy from 36/950±5/296 to 30/200±6/614 decreased significantly (p<0/01). But was insignificant in control group. The results indicated that cognitive-therapy with focus on dysfunctional attitudes related to epilepsy is remarkably effective as a complementary therapy in the reduction of co-morbid depression in epileptic patients.

Dental Students are encountered with a wide range of health-related problems because of studying in stressful clinical environment. Spiritual intelligence and their relationship with other factors like general health are of interesting subjects for behavioural sciences experts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between general health and spiritual intelligence in dental students of Tehran. In this cross-sectional study، 481 dental students who studied in different universities of Tehran were enrolled. Data were collected using Spiritual intelligence، General health (GHQ-28) and characteristics demographic questionnaires. Data were also entered into SPSS-v16 and analyzed with correlation test، T-test and ANOVA test. The significant level was <0. 05. Dental students have intermediate level of spiritual intelligence and there was no any difference between male and female. There was significant relationship between Spiritual intelligence and General health generally and in all parts (P<0. 005). Grade point average، marital status، educational year and economical state showed significantly correlated with General health. Age، grade point average، educational year and economical state showed significantly correlated with spiritual intelligence. Improvement of spiritual intelligence could help increase the general health of dental students.

Marital conflict is one of the common problems in couple relationship that has been the interest of counselors and family therapists since its devastating effects. This study has been done to examine the role of defensive style and emotional schemas in marital conflicts. This study was a correlational one. The population consisted of parents of children kept in kindergarten in the city of Ardabil in the years of 92-93. A total of 240 parents (120 couples) were selected in a random sampling and answered the questionnaires about marital conflict (Sanaei and Barati، 1375)، defensive styles (Andrews، shinee، and Bowen، 1993) and emotional schemas (Leahy، 2002). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and step to step regression. The results showed that the relationship of the marital conflict variables and mature and immature defensive styles and emotional schemas are statistically significant. There was just، neurotic defensive style variables of other variables which was not statistically significant. Also، the results showed that immature defensive style has greatest role in increasing marital conflict. According to our findings، there is a relation between defensive style and emotional schema with marital conflict and they predict it significantly. Therefore، it is necessary to examine insufficient defensive style and emotional schema to reduce marital conflict; thus، strategies are recommended to improve it.

However pregnancy is Seems a Pleasure time of women`s life، but the physiologic changes during this time has caused high levels of stress in the mothers. Since optimism is one of the most important personality factors in choosing coping strategies to overcome the challenges created by pregnancy، thus the present study was performed to investigate the relationship between optimism and prenatal coping strategies. This correlational-descriptive study was carried out in 500 pregnant women referring to health centers of Mashhad in 2014 were selected based on random sampling method. Instruments include: Life orientation test- Revised scale and the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics، spearman correlation and regression at the significant level of p<0. 05 In the current study، there was a significant direct correlation Between optimism and Planning-Preparation Coping (p<0. 001، r=0. 74)، and Spiritual-Positive Coping (p<0. 001، r=0. 73). A significant Reverse correlation Between optimism and Avoidance Coping (p<0. 001، r=−0. 76). optimism was a positive correlation with Planning-Preparation Coping and Spiritual-Positive and negative correlation with Avoidance Coping.

Epilepsy is a significant health problem in Iran as other countries. Previous studies related to epilepsy in Iran are often associated with physiological aspects and pharmacological therapy and little attention has been paid to psychosocial care، especially in adolescence. Therefore aim of this research assessing the relationship between psychosocial care and attitude towards illness. A descriptive correlational design uses 74 adolescents within the Neurology Clinic، affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were collected using a tool consisting of: (1) Patient demographic characteristics، (2) «child report of psychosocial care scale»، (3) «Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale». The validity of scale has done with content validity and Cronbach''s alpha was used for reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (Spearman''s test) was used. The results about adolescent attitude showed that the most item was “bad attitude due to epilepsy«(59. 8%). report of adolescent about ppsychosocial care showed more than half of the patients in all items in subscale 1 (patient received explanation from doctor or nurse) are received fewer explanations. In the subscale 2 (worry about seizure attack) greatest concern was»worry about telling others about your seizure condition” (31. 3%). In the subscale 3 (Informational needs) more than half of patients require additional education and information in all items. There was a significant positive correlation between psychological care with attitude toward illness (p<. 05). There is no evidence for routine psychological consultation for our sample. Considering the results of this study on psychosocial care، indicates lack of information and need training about disease، therefore attention and interference in the concerns of epileptic adolescents through the educational materials such as pamphlets and booklets or designing web site for patients، holding training sessions and group discussions for adolescents could reduce their concerns and improve attitudes.