International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Dec 2023

Climate change due to global warming cause a lot of concern that requires comprehensive and reciprocal world wide action. The agricultural sector is one of the most dependent sectors on the climate, in the production cycle and food security of Iran, with a dry and hot climate is at a higher risk of global damages for these climate changes. Moreever, the major sugarcane industries of Iran are located in Khuzestan province which climatic variables in this region have recorded drastic and increasing changes procedure. In this article the effects of climate change on sugarcane industry in Khuzestan are studied (1971-2020). The usage of Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), an econometric model, helped examining the effect of climate factors such as temperature and precipitation on production. The results depicts a nonlinear relation between the climatic factors temperature and precipitation and production. As a matter of fact, the nonlinear relation in the form of an inverted U-shape in the graph shows the importance of climate change on agricultural production. The government's ownership of Khuzestan's sugarcane cultivation and the assignment of exclusive rights should provide maximum productivity, but not achieving an ideal goal. In conclusion, because of the negative effects of climate change on sugarcane production, it, is highly recommended to 1) Limit human intervention in nature, 2) Utilize varieties of other crops which are more resilientistant to climate change, 3) Alternate the cultivation patteren,and finally (4) To consider supportive policies in this matter to cope with the effects of climate change .

Today, inequality and spatial imbalance between rural and urban areas is mainly discussed by regional planners. To give balance and reduce inequalities in rural areas, it is essential to highlight the role small towns. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical methodology using quantitative methods and models, such as location quotient (LQ) and concentration index to analyze the function of towns existing in Roudbar County. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between function of urban areas in providing services to rural areas, to rank the provided services and to determine the development of villages. LQ of Roudbar County is >1 for agriculture and industry and export of manufactured products, while <1 for services, indicating a dependence on other towns. Based on the concentration index, levels of villages in Lowshan, Manjil, Rostamabad and Bareh Sar are regular, while the villages in Jirandeh and Tutkabon are irregular. In addition to administrative and political relationships which result in dependence of villages to cities, people of these towns are referred to other towns of the county for economic, social and cultural relations.

This descriptive-analytical research aimed to investigate the effects of the olive value chain on the assets of olive orchard owners in Rudbar County with the sustainable livelihood approach by the library and field method using a questionnaire. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts after revision, and its general reliability was estimated at 0.97 by Cronbach’s alpha. The study site was Rudbar County. The statistical population was composed of 5053 olive orchard owners out of whom 604 people were sampled based on Bartlett’s table. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and LISREL software packages. According to the applied LISREL, the main findings were as follows: P-VALUE =0.000001, NNFI=0.907, CFI=0.910, RMSEA=0.036 and X^2/df =1.51, IFI =0.910 and PGFI =0.768. Results revealed that out of these five resources, social capital was the strongest one affecting respondents’ livelihoods in the study area (λ=1.02). The results revealed that the fit of the measurement model is appropriate and acceptable. Also, it can be said that capital assets influence livelihood outcomes significantly and positively, so the livelihood level will increase with increasing capital assets.

Although it is mandatory for smallholder farmers to comply with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to participate in French bean farming for export, they lack uniformity in their farming practices. Available literature doesn't show whether farmers’ compliance with GAPs is affected by their choices of extension channels and their social status characteristics. A field survey was conducted among 115 farmers who were sampled systematically, and the data was collected by the use of questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and regression models to establish the association between social status characteristics of farmers versus extension channels accessed, and its influence on awareness and compliance with GAPs. The study found that farmers' level of access to extension channels had a significant influence on their level of awareness and compliance with GAPs. Field extension workers were the most effective channel of extension. Moreover, gender, asset scores, farm acreage under French beans and income from the sale of French beans were among the social characteristics with significant influence on the type and number of extension channels accessed by smallholder farmers. This study recommends that the dissemination of agricultural innovation messages to smallholder farmers should be guided by studying their social characteristics and paying attention to women and resource-poor farmers. innovation messages should be tailored along available channels of extension to enhance access by a diverse calibre of farmers.

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the marketing strategy with the approach of development, market, leather, Iran in Maral Leather Company.The present study method was of mixed type of quantitative and qualitative type. Using the snowball method, 10 people were estimated as the final sample and were interviewed in depth.At the same time, the statistical population included managers, .In this stage, 10 people were selected as the final sample using the purposeful sampling method and answered the prepared questionnaire.Analysis of research data was performed in qualitative stage using open, axial and selective coding and in a small stage using SPSS software and using Friedman test.The results of this study: Induction was the most important criteria of segmentation strategy on product market development in Iranian leather industry, including managers' attention to strategic beliefs, the most important criteria of targeting strategy include how to exploit new and innovative markets and the most important criteria of positioning strategy It has been an industry.Also, according to the results of Friedman test in prioritizing the criteria of targeting strategy, targeting, positioning and segmentation in the Iranian leather market, are: attention, Iranian leather industry and exporters union to the appropriate strategy, identifying the position and personality of strategic resources and the need for strategic resources.

Due to the growing population and the use of pesticides and chemicals in food production, people's health has received more attention than ever before. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the world community to take medicinal herbs and drugs of natural origin. On this basis, interests in the use of herbal remedies has become more prevalent among different societies, thus the 20th century is called the century of return to nature. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the applications and barriers of industrial development of Medicinal Plants in Boyer Ahmad County. The statistical population of the present study consisted of informed and knowledgeable people about Medicinal Plants of Boyerahmad region such as specialists, local experts and sellers of Medicinal Plants. Purposeful sampling was performed by snowball technique. Interview and semi-structured questionnaire with open questions were applied to collect the required information. The results indicated that the 65 most important Medicinal Plants consisted of Thyme, Anchovy, Yarrow, Corm etc. in three categories: medicinal, aromatic and spicy. The finding revealed that barriers to industrial development of Medicinal Plants included lack of government support, lack of infrastructures, lack of wild herbs, lack of academic experts, unwillingness of indigenous farmers to cultivate Medicinal Plants, and lack of financial facilities at low interest rates.