مجله دانش تفسیر سیاسی
پیاپی 18 (زمستان 1402)

In this qualitative article, we tried to answer the question, what criticisms have sociologists brought to sociology with the descriptive method? The result of which was as follows; It seems that sociological criticism was born in the 19th century and from the psychological criticism; Therefore, not only sociology itself, but also sociological criticism is considered a part of modernity. Criticism that criticizes its own problems from the inside and society's problems from the outside. Therefore, sociology is not only a problematic issue, but also an enlightening issue and a revolutionary issue. Therefore, it challenges all the ideas in the society, so sociology is a protest science, as a revision in all the values, opinions, norms and symbols of the society. In general, sociologists believe that these criticisms are relevant to sociology; a. Why sociology on the two paths of structure-action; subject-object; Is the mind-mind and individual-society stopped? b. Sociology should get out of the non-committal and commercial mode and turn into the enlightening mode; To be able to find out the causes of various problems and changes in the society and activists so that he can solve them. J. Today, the most important mission of sociology is to understand the causes of concern and general indifference and despondency in society. d. Among the three roles, the ruler, the ruler's advisor and the researcher, sociologists should avoid the role of the ruler's advisor and choose the role of the researcher; Because the role of the ruler's advisor makes the sociologist not maintain his intellectual and moral integrity. But the role of the researcher makes the sociologist fulfill his main duty, which is to spread rationality, enlighten public opinion, expand awareness and help to develop, establish and maintain democracy.

With the rapid developments of artificial intelligence, the importance of the security of individuals and institutions has been greatly appreciated. In this research, the main goal is to investigate the different aspects of security with an emphasis on artificial intelligence technology. The main question is, what effect will artificial intelligence have on global security? The findings show that with the uncontrollable progress of technology and artificial intelligence, it seems that security will be affected, so that some consider it a new global threat, but on the other hand, others believe that artificial intelligence despite all Aspects of threat can be useful in ego enhancement. The most important emphasis of the threat actors include increasing the accuracy of weapons, penetration and accessing information faster with this technology. From the point of view of those who consider artificial intelligence as an opportunity to improve security, it is important to emphasize issues such as accurate identification, prediction and use of artificial intelligence in eliminating threats with a significant reliability factor and away from human error.

The European Union is one of the largest consumers of energy in the world. Due to the increase in energy prices, energy for Europe in European countries, Europe as one of the largest importers of oil and gas in the world due to Russia and security vulnerabilities, the European Union is seeking to diversify its energy sources and find. The supplier is the supplier. In this context, the Persian Gulf region, including Iran, is seen as a potential candidate. This article seeks to answer the question of what opportunities and challenges Iranian energy presents for Europe. The results show that Iran's opportunities as an option to change the European Union's energy portfolio include huge reserves, geopolitical position and the occurrence of civil war. However, sanctions, pressure and foreign intervention, as well as the existence of competitors and other alternatives, are challenges that Iran must overcome in order to achieve a greater share of European energy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and collection with library documents.

Politics in Europe is currently witnessing the increasing emergence of political parties that are considered as right-wing extremists, or right-wing radicals. Social and economic issues, along with the increase in social dissatisfaction, have led to the rise in popularity of far-right movements. The Brexit trend is increasingly linked to right-wing parties in France seeking to exit the European Union, and its impact on French right-wing parties' desire to leave the EU is deep and extensive. Nationalism and anti-EU sentiments of these groups are strengthening, sparking discussions on the practical aspects of a potential Brexit that may challenge the structure of the EU. As Brexit continues to shape the political landscape in Europe, monitoring how these parties navigate the complex path to achieve their goals will be crucial.