Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Fall 2022

 Considering the importance of rotational acceleration in causing traumatic brain injuries and also the possibility of its greater risk in combat sports, this study aims to investigate the rotational acceleration produced in the head in combat sports in different blows and compare it in a systematic review. to deal with the threshold of traumatic brain injuries.

 In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases and 23 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

 Investigations showed that the highest rotational acceleration produced in the head is due to the hook impact (11279.5 rad/s2) in the condition without a helmet and in the field of boxing. After that, the leg kick in taekwondo (rad/s2 10927) showed the highest acceleration in the head in the condition of wearing a helmet. Hook kick in taekwondo (rad/s2 9756), direct punch in taekwondo (rad/s2 9556) and roundhouse kick in taekwondo (rad/s2 8703) were in the next ranks, respectively. Comparing these accelerations with the threshold of traumatic brain injuries, hook kick in boxing and spinning kick in Taekwondo can lead to concussion and severe brain axonal damage, but in hook kick, direct punch and roundhouse kick in Taekwondo. The athlete is only exposed to concussion.

 According to the results of this review, protective helmets in combat sports cannot significantly reduce the rotation speed and this issue can even increase the rotation acceleration in some sports such as boxing. Therefore, it is suggested that those in charge of this matter and headgear manufacturing companies should pay special attention to this issue and take an important step in reducing TBI injuries by re-examining the design of headgears.

A review of previous studies showed conflicting findings regarding the relationship between athlete-related factors and knee function following ACL reconstruction. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between athlete-related factors and knee functional outcomes after ACL reconstruction.

this study is a correlational study conducted in the second half of 1400 in Sanandaj. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 43 athletes aged 19–43 years who underwent ACL reconstruction. Knee function was assessed using the Osteoarthritis and Knee Injury Outcome Questionnaire (KOOS). Athletes’ characteristics such as weight, height, body mass index, and activity levels (recreational, competitive, and elite) were recorded using a researcher-made questionnaire. The smoking habit, type of graft used, and affected foot were also identified.

Age, body mass index, weight, and gender can predict various ACL reconstruction outcomes (P <0.05). Age can predict 29% of changes in symptoms and knee stiffness and 18% of changes in quality of life. Body mass index can predict 29% of changes in knee pain, 19% of changes in symptoms and knee stiffness, 17% of changes in activities of daily life, 19% of changes in sports activity, and 13% of changes in athletes’ quality of life (P<0.05). Weight can only predict 12% of changes in athletes’ sports activities (P <0.05). Gender was able to predict 15% of changes in daily life performance, 13% of sports activity, and 12% of changes in athletes’ quality of life (P<0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, there may be a relationship between age, weight, body mass index, and sex and knee outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Due to the limitations of this study, it is better to examine this issue longitudinally in future studies

Hallux valgus is a common lower extremity deformity especially in older women that affects balance and increases falling risk among them. How this deformity kinematically effects balance has not thoroughly investigated. So, we want to know if there are differences in gait phases and angular displacement between healthy and hallux valgus elderly women during gait as an independence and health vital factor in elderly adults.

Participants in this study were 12 (54.25±2.76 years old) healthy and 12 (54.5±3.25 years old) hallux valgus women. To evaluate the gait phases (percent) and angular displacement (degree) we use a localized Motion Capture System by IMU-based to measure kinematics of motion. All modules were defined and fastened about right hip, shank and foot.

The results showed that ankle joint angular displacement was significantly different in all planes (frontal: 45%, horizontal:95%, sagittal: 40% of gait cycle)), whereas angular displacement was significantly different just in sagittal plane of knee joint (44% of gait cycle) and sagittal and frontal planes of hip (10 & 8% of gait cycle).

Ankle more adduction, toe out and greater knee flexion and increasing hip abduction and extension at the late swing phase in hallux valgus elderly group probably indicate that they avoid from completely transfer body weight in to forefoot during toe off and tent to transfer the body weight in to lateral component of the foot during stance phase of gait.

Studying the developmental process, it may be possible to examine the role of sensory and cognitive systems involved in postural control. The aim of this study was to evaluate static postural control in both linear and nonlinear methods in children aged 7 to 12 years and compare them with young-adult.

The center of pressure (COP) in eight postural task was assessed in 420 girls and boys 7 to 12 years old and 20 young adults. The linear method included sway, deviation, the amplitude of CoP and velocity. To characterize the nonlinear evaluation, sample entropy (SampEn) was measured.

The results showed that 7 and 8-year-old have the most sway, amplitude, speed of CoP and deviations than others (p< 0.05) and adults had the lowest amount. But the SampEn, decreases significantly with age (p< 0.01). The base of support was greater effect on linear and nonlinear than that other conditions, especially in children (p< 0.001). The closed-eyes condition, were not aligned in linear and non-linear evaluation (p< 0.001).

The differences between age groups were significant in the challenging situation than that stable condition, due to changes in postural control strategies. Task demands did not have a significant effect on balance variability in adults, but it did affect children and linear variables.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the prevalent musculoskeletal disorders of the knee, which subsequently causes joint changes in the knee. Investigating balance and muscle strength are among the things that can be considered in the evaluation of these people. The present study aimed to compare balance and lower limb muscle strength in female volleyball players with PFPS and healthy female volleyball players.

In this cross-sectional study, 30 people (16 people with PFPS and 14 healthy people) with mean age of 24.33 years, height 178.72 cm, and weight 67.76 kg participated in this research. Biodex balance system was used to evaluate the balance as center of pressure (COP) displacement for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in two open and closed-eye conditions. The evaluation of isokinetic strength of ankle, knee extensor, and hip abductor-external rotator muscles as peak torques and (PT) time-to-peak torque (TTPT) was measured by Cybex isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 60 deg./s. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test to compare two healthy and PFPS groups in SPSS software at P<0.05

The findings indicated that in patients with PFPS, the static balance in all tests conditions was significantly decreased in PFPS subjects compared to healthy ones (P<0.05). The strength of all evaluated muscles, except for the plantar flexor muscle group, was significantly lower in PFPS individuals compared with healthy ones (P<0.05).

The results demonstrated that static balance and muscle strength of lower limb in individuals with PFPS is weaker than in healthy ones, which can cause more injuries. Therefore, it is suggested that in the treatment and rehabilitation of this injury, strengthening the aforementioned factors should also be considered for these people.

Examining posture and movement patterns through biomechanical evaluations of structural disorders, as well as investigating the effect of corrective exercises on posture and gait, helps to identify compensatory mechanisms in kinematic chains. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week training period of corrective movements on the gait components of adolescents with upper limb crossed syndrome. In this semi-experimental and applied study, 30 teenage boys were selected as a targeted sample and after the initial test, they were placed in two groups of 15 people, control and experimental. Having a forward head and forward shoulder deformity greater than 50 degrees and a kyphosis angle greater than 40 degrees were among the criteria for entering the study. After clinical evaluations and biomechanical investigations, including gait analysis with a 3D scanner and gait pattern analysis with a motion analysis system, the experimental group entered the corrective training period for 8 weeks. After the end of the training period, the pre-test process was repeated and a complete comparison was made between the two groups in terms of spatial-temporal and kinematic parameters of the gate. According to the results of the study, significant differences were observed in the spatio-temporal components of step length, cadence and symmetry due to the implementation of corrective exercise. In addition, significant changes were observed in the kinematic pattern of the subjects' gait after the implementation of the training protocol. Based on this, the results of the present study showed that the implementation of corrective exercise programs is useful for the treatment of people suffering from upper limb syndrome, and in addition to improving posture, it can also improve the walking pattern of people and bring its quality closer to normal gait patterns.