فهرست مطالب طاهره محمدی

A quantitative study of groundwater resources and accurate monitoring of changes over time, especially in areas facing limited water resources, is considered essential for proper management and sustainable exploitation of these resources. Golestan province, one of the semi-arid provinces of Iran has faced a drop in the groundwater level and an increase in the salinity of the groundwater due to the excessive withdrawals from the groundwater table and the reduction of atmospheric precipitation in the past few years. Gorgan Plain with an area of about 4727 square kilometers is one of the largest plains in Iran and the most important plain of Golestan province in terms of water supply for agricultural and drinking purposes. In this plain, there is a network of piezometers and observation wells that include continuous monthly measurements for more than 30 years. The objective of this research was to investigate the changes in the groundwater level of shallow (30 years (1989-2018)) and deep (22 years (1997-2018)) wells. The Man-Kendall method was used to reveal the trend and Pettitt, Normal Standard, and Buishand methods were used to identify sudden change points in a time series of groundwater levels in 49 shallow wells and 12 deep wells. The results of this research showed that the groundwater level in most of the studied wells had a significantly decreasing trend at a significant level of 5%. Also, the largest amount of groundwater loss was in the southern and southwestern parts of the plain, which can be attributed to a large amount of water taken from the wells due to their proximity to urban areas and some local conditions such as the proximity of the wells of this area are located in altitudes and at the entrance border of the aquifer. In the same way, as it rises, the fall decreases in the middle of the plain, and the amount of fall decreases in the northern areas and the edge of the Caspian Sea. It can be related to the proximity to the Caspian Sea and the high water table, and as a result, the inappropriate quality of water and land (high salinity and low fertility), which has caused the water withdrawal from this area to be less.

In today's world, education is one of the most important and effective organizations for personal and social development of human beings. Life School that sometimes referred to as the "school for life", has the mission of achieving the all-encompassing and holistic goals of education. The purpose of this study was to provide A Three-layer Pattern for Feasibility and Establishment of Life School by Meta-Synthesis Method. The statistical population includes previous research (articles, projects and dissertations) in the field of life school, which was selected as a statistical sample with the purposeful approach of the most relevant studies. In order to determine the importance and priority of the extracted codes, Shannon quantitative entropy method was used. The research findings were identified and categorized into 5 categories, 22 concepts and 98 codes, which are 5 main categorie: Identify pedagogy, infrastructure, organizational culture and climate, human resources and effective social communication. after the research steps, the model of determining and effectively establishing the Life school in three layers of feasibility, conceptual design and implementation structure and establishment of Life school is presented. In the feasibility stage, the acceptance of the model, determining the prerequisites and analyzing the current situation and the gap until the implementation of the new plan is measured. In the design phase, the identification of pedagogy is considered, and determining the type of learning and the purpose of learning is the basis of any action. In the phase of establishing infrastructure, organizational culture and atmosphere, human resources and effective social communication with comprehensive management are implemented.

The purpose of this research was to provide a mathematical model for smart supply chains with Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to overcome traditional supply chain challenges and solve problems such as uncertainty, high costs, and changes in customer demands. Creating an intelligent and agile supply chain is essential to tackle these challenges and problems. Generally, customers are still skeptical and doubtful of the smart supply chain, and this skepticism is more likely to arise in the financial context. To improve efficiency, all organizations and institutions need to adapt themselves to external and internal changes, maintain supply chain inventory, and be flexible with customer demands.

Previous studies discussed intelligent supply chains, IoT, and their combination and described the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies. Despite much research in this field, no mathematical modeling has been done for a smart supply chain that incorporates technology and automation. Based on such needs and objectives, this study sought to design a two-objective mathematical model, with a four-level supply chain. In this model, there is a direct relationship from suppliers to manufacturers, from producers to retailers, and from retailers to customers. The supply chain was intelligently designed, and the chain levels used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), blockchain, and Internet sales.

The designed model in this research was validated by GAMS software. The researchers identified 10 problems of small and medium dimensions in the model. They presented the results in the form of objective function values ​​and solution time. The basic problem was solved using the -constraint method. The results obtained from solving the model and the Pareto diagram were presented in detail. The optimal implementation of the mentioned technologies, as well as the time and cost response to this implementation, proved the efficiency of the model.

The present study put forward a two-objective mathematical planning model. The first and second objectives of this model were to minimize the cost and decrease the time of the supply chain, respectively. By solving the basic problem, using the -constraint method, the values ​​of the objective functions and the Pareto diagram showed desired results. Solving the model in small and medium-sized dimensions using GAMS software, the values of the objective functions and the solution time were achieved. Also, the results proved the validity of the provided model suggesting that it can be used in larger dimensions. However, due to the lack of memory in GAMS software, for large dimensions, the suggested mathematical model for the smart supply chain needs to be checked using MATLAB software and meta-heuristic algorithms.

The goal of watershed management is the rational and optimal utilization and management of the environmental resources in watershed scale according to the Sustainable Development Goals. In recent decades, the term "integrated watershed management strategy" has been widely advocated by many in the scientific literature.. The management of watershed resources with an integrated approach, is made possible by paying attention to watershed sub-systems and their interactions, as well as considering active processes and cycles within the watershed system. The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional and organizational requirements of the integrated watershed management through conducting comparative studies and survey on global experiences. According to the findings of this investigation, countries such as Canada, UK, Thailand, Indonesia, Germany, Sri Lanka and Australia have a distinct ministry for environment and/or natural resources a part from a ministry of agriculture. In countries like France and Iran, departments for environment and natural resources are subordinate to other ministries. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency is independent from the federal government. Countries with an independent organization for natural resources and environment are more focused on watershed issues and management. In Iran, the Natural Resources and Watershed Management National Organization (NRWMNO) is subordinate to the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Whose main focus is to increase agricultural production? While the management of natural resources and watersheds requires a specialized, independent and dominant organizational structure, mainly focused on conservation and rehabilitation issues. Considering the contradiction in the main goals of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad as a superordinate organization and NRWMNO as a subordinate organization, the independence of NRWMNO from the body of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad needs to be considered and examined in depth, by gathering and analyzing the opinions of leading experts and specialists of the country.

Trend analysis of stream flow provides practical information for better management of water resources on the eve of climate change. Therefore, the present study investigated river flow variations during three decades as well as projections of future discharge in the Gorganrood watershed. The Man-Kendall method has been used to detect the trend and methods of Pettitt, SNHT, and Buishand to identify points of a sudden change in discharge time series in 8 stations of Aq Qala, Galikesh, Gonbad, Haji Ghoshan, Nodeh, Ramyan, Sadgorgan, and Tamar. The Mann-Kendall trend test showed the existence of a significant negative trend (flow reduction) on a daily and annual scale in all stations. Monthly, the strongest negative trend in Aq Qala, Galikesh, Gonbad, Haji Ghoshan, and Ramyan stations was related to July, but in Nodeh and Tamar stations, it was related to August and February, respectively. A decreasing trend was observed in all stations on a seasonal scale, but this trend was not significant in some seasons. The results of the analysis of change points in discharge showed that the change points in the data used in this study are more of a decreasing and in some cases incremental type and some stations, no change points have been identified at all. Therefore, the number of decreasing changes in the studied hydrometric stations is significantly higher than the incremental changes and is more visible from 1993 to 1997 and 2005-2007 in three and four stations, respectively. Also, the most incremental changes among the stations are related to the Aq Qala station in 2017 with a flow rate of 234 cubic meters per second. Investigation of the flow of the basin in the past decades showed significant monotonic and abrupt changes which are mostly toward decreasing the basin’s discharge. The downward trend in discharge values at different time scales for all hydrometric stations of the Gorganrood watershed, which will be more severe in the future due to global climate change, and increasing the region's water needs for various future use due to population growth and the expansion of industries can also be considered as a serious warning for policymakers, planners, and local managers to prevent a possible water crisis in the region in the future with proper planning.

The purpose of this study was to achieve a pattern of quality culture in higher education. The Ground nature of the culture of quality requires that in order to achieve and develop it, first its specific processes and mechanisms be known. Therefore, this study sought to answer the question: "How is the quality culture achieved in higher education?". For this purpose, qualitative research method, the method of Grounded Theory was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with higher education professionals who had experience and Author in the field of the study process and were selected by theoretical sampling method. Strauss and Corbin' content analysis method was used to analyze the data with using MAXQDA software. Analysis of the interviews, as well as related documents and studies, led to the formation of the theory. The model obtained from this study shows that the causal factors that lead to the realization of quality culture are initial assessment, needs assessment, transparency, value governance and curriculum, and society, organizational climate and organizational goals as environmental factors on the desirability of creating culture. Quality is effective that if the above things make the path to realization possible, strategies for continuous improvement, empowerment, communication, virtue of quality culture, organizational citizenship behavior, pedagogical promotion and trust, as a result of which, a culture of quality is formed.

The purpose of this study was to provide A four-tier Pattern for Feasibility and Establishment of Quality culture In higher education. This research has been applied by documentary and meta-combined methods. This research has been applied by documentary and Meta-Synthesis methods. Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) seven-step method was used to analyze the data. 74 sources were selected for Meta-Synthesis, of which 81 codes, 18 concepts and 3 categories were extracted. In order to determine the importance and priority of the extracted codes, Shannon entropy method was used. after the research steps, the model of determining and effectively establishing the Quality culture in higher education in four-tier of Feasibility studies, assessment of the current situation, transition from the current situation to the desired situation, and the establishment of a quality culture are provided for higher education institutions. According to the results, distributive leadership style can be considered appropriate for applying the culture of quality in higher education. Communication is also sometimes understood beyond leadership, because reflections on the values that enhance the quality of education, and sharing emphatic practices, can help deepen and spread a culture of quality. Certainly, the culture of quality is influenced by society's expectations, and the interaction and coordination of internal and external stakeholders in the issues involved is the key to its effective establishment.

Education is one of the imperative pillars of culture and civilization, and educational institutions have a complex and decisive role in civilization. The purpose of this study is to obtain the principles, components and indicators of the school of Islamic civilization. This research is qualitative, and its method is derived from Glyzer's data theory and emerging design. Participants in the study included twelve faculty members in the field of educational sciences and nine faculty members in the field of Islamic civilization who were selected by purposive sampling. The Depot and Gillette content analytical method is used to analyze the data. About the components of the school of Islamic civilization, the leader recommends five main categories of the curriculum: Organizational atmosphere of the school, cultural factors and human resources on five bases (theology, ontology, epistemology, anthropology and axiology) and eleven components of God-centeredness, justice, universality, consequentialism, human dignity, science, reason, freedom of thought, morality, tolerance and struggle were achieved. In the field of policies and actions, seventy-three open source and nineteen categories were identified. Finally, a model has been designed and developed in order to realize the school of Islamic civilization.

The purpose of this study is to achieve a model for the realization of Islamic civilization culture in the educational system. The nature of the ground of Islamic civilization culture in the educational system requires that in order to achieve and develop it, first its specific processes and mechanisms be known. Therefore, this research has sought to answer the question: "How is the culture of Islamic civilization culture realized for the educational system?". For this purpose, the qualitative research method has been used as a theory based on data. In-depth interviews were conducted with experts in Islamic civilization, culture and communication who had experience and experience in the field of the study process, who were selected by purposive sampling. Strauss and Corbin's content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Analysis of interviews as well as related documents and studies led to the formation of the theory. The model obtained from this study shows that the causal factors that lead to the realization of the culture of Islamic civilization culture for the educational system are the initial assessment, the rule of value and curriculum, and society, organizational climate and organizational goals, tools available to students as factors. Environment is effective on the desirability of creating an Islamic civilization culture that, if the above things are possible, strategies to strengthen religious strength, accompanied by change, media literacy, family empowerment, empowerment of managers and administrative staff, context-based education, motivation, teacher empowerment and It promotes the participation of stakeholders, as a result of which the culture of Islamic civilization is formed.

The purpose of the research is to Designing and validation the Pattern of Effective factors on the realization of the student voice from the Administrators' perspective in Elementary schools In the academic year 1399-1400 in the city of Qom with the mixed method research. In the qualitative section, 15 exemplary Administrators with more than 15 years of teaching experience, selected by purposive sampling method to achieve theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews and analyzed by inductive content analysis with coding at three levels: open, axial and selective that Its face and content validity was confirmed by 4 professors and for agreement, the agreement method between the two coders was used. Regarding the components of student voice, finally 5 main categories including Value based Management, Insight, Distributed leadership, Top Management and Middle Management student voice with 31 open codes and 7 selection codes were obtained. The quantitative part also included 160 Administrator who was the available sampling method was used. In such cases, 5 people is the desired value for each item of the questionnaire. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire with 31 items with convergent validity above 0.50 and combined reliability of 0.90. In model validation, Quantitative data analysis by first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis using Smart-PLS software indicates the necessary accuracy of indicators to measure factors. Finally It can be said Focusing more on listening to the student voice acts as a catalyst for change in schools and for improving the school management.

On 12 November 2017, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale occurred in Kermanshah Province. Explaining the challenges and needs of the victims in such circumstances can be an important source of information for future planning and better management of such conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explain the challenges and needs of the earthquake victims.

This study was a qualitative study. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, policymakers, and health and emergency relief providers in earthquake areas, and 10 focused group discussions were held with earthquake victims from December to February 2016. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

The needs and challenges in Kermanshah earthquake were classified into three periods after the earthquake: 1. Challenges and needs in the first few days with three sub-categories including management, rescue services, and urgent care, 2- Challenges and needs in the first few weeks  after the earthquake with three sub-categories including housing and emergency assistance, public health services, and access to health care; and 3. Needs and challenges in several months after the earthquake with four sub-categories including economic, social, infrastructural and health service needs.

Lack of unity of command was the main challenge in this earthquake. Another point was the health needs of victim earthquakes over time. Therefore, dispatching of aid forces to the affected areas during natural disasters should be based on planning and needs.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder, which its main feature is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. In this disease, apoptosis is impaired in endometrial cells transmitted to the peritoneal cavity, and thus these cells remain in ectopic sites and grow there. FasL-expressing cells induce apoptosis when they bind to Fas-bearing immune cells. Soluble Fas ligand can be proteolytically cleaved from membrane-bound Fas ligand by metalloproteinases. Studies show that both soluble and membranous form of FasL in peritoneal cavity of endometriotic women can induce apoptosis of Fas bearing immune cells. Therefore, in this study the serum and peritoneal fluid levels of sFasL in patients with endometriosis compared with non-endometriotic subjects were evaluated. In this case-control study, which was performed from 2016 to 2017, peritoneal cavity of 19 patients with endometriosis and 19 healthy subjects, and also serum of 16 patients with endometriosis and 12 healthy subjects were studied. ELISA were used to determine the sFasL. The results of this study showed that the amount of sFasL in peritoneal cavity of endometriosis patients is higher than healthy group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Also, the serum sFasL level of patients was not different from control group. Expression of high sFasL in the peritoneal fluid can be one of the factors involved in the removal of Fas-expressing immune cells in the peritoneal fluid, which plays an essential role in the progression of the disease.

In each area, watersheds are very important because they are the largest physical and topographic units which contain various ecosystems. Soil, the most important component of these ecosystems, is the third source of carbon storage in the world, playing an important role in global balance of carbon and its sequestration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of watershed management projects on carbon sequestration, which it could enrich the soil and improve watershed conditions. In order to estimate the soil sequestration in Fars Kelestan watershed, six different land uses including peanuts planting, grape planting, bush planting , milk vetch, natural almonds and seeding were selected. Soil sampling at two depths (0-20 cm), (20-50 cm) were carried out, in which.35 samples stratification collected from each depth. The results revealed that the amount of carbon sequestration varies in different land uses. The maximum amount of carbon sequestration in depth (0-20cm) belongs to bush planting which equals to 64.628 ton/ha. The highest rate of carbon sequestration at depth (20-50cm) belongs to the peanuts planting which is 57.652 ton/ha. In peanuts planting land use the total carbon sequestration is 119.150 ton/ha. In purpose of carbon sequestration increasing, biological treatments are recommended with the priority order of the peanuts planting, bush planting, milk vetch, grape planting, seeding were, and natural almonds.

Competition among numerous actors, escalation of international cooperation, and revisionist perspectives are the most important features of the transition period in international relations. Recognizing the interactions among the major actors at this time is very important for understanding the international system.China and India, in view of their domestic features as two powerful Asian countries, and as two emerging powers, play an undeniable role in revising global order. The relations between India and China have always had numerous ups and downs. Sometimes the increase in the volume of trade, defense and military cooperation, such as joint exercises and increased travels of senior officials from both countries, has intensified the cooperation between two states. Sometimes tensions on the common border, try to have influence over Afghanistan, Central Asia and the Indian Ocean, and the arms race between the two countries have also highlighted the issue of competition. Obviously, the presence of Xi Jinping and NarendraModi as the powerful and national leaders of the two countries has made the relations between India and China different. Both sides seek to maximize their interests by using tools such as the coalition with third sides and try to manage the crises in bilateral relations at the same time.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease, which requires self-management. Self-efficacy is an essential factor for affecting self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. The patients who enjoy higher self-efficacy can better manage their care. Regarding this, the aim of the current study was to determine the level of self-efficacy in the diabetic patients referring to a healthcare center in Babol, Iran, in 2016..
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 diabetic patients referring to the Siahkola Rural Healthcare Center in Babol. The study population was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was performed using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale that was filled out through the implementation of interviews with patients. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using the independent t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.
The mean age of the participants was 56.75±11.48 years. In addition, the patients had the mean self-efficacy of 52.64±9.61. Based on the results of the ANOVA and t-test, self-efficacy showed a significant relationship with the age (P=0.001), gender (P=0.002), level of education (P=0.001), occupation (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.047), body mass index (P=0.029), type of diabetes (P=0.001), sports (P=0.001), and diet (P=0.002). Moreover, the males, those with higher education levels, employees, and single people had a higher mean self-efficacy score.
As the findings indicated, self-efficacy was at a moderate level among the participants. Therefore, given the significance of self-efficacy as the most important determinant of self-care behaviors among the diabetic patients, this construct should be promoted and emphasized in educational programs.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between transformational leadership and school organizational Excellency with the moderator of organizational wellbeing. The study method is descriptive. The sample consisted of 302 people from high school teachers of Khorramabad city who were selected using stratified sampling. Measuring Tools consists of three questionnaires measuring transformational leadership developed by bass and Olive (1997), Performance evaluation questionnaire based on the EFQM Excellence Model and organizational well-being Questionnaire. To analyze data the structural equation modeling was used. The result showed that transformational leadership has a significant relationship with organizational excellence. This especially was more stability when the organizational wellbeing is as a moderator.

The present study aims to identify factors affecting the establishment of school of life in primary schools. The research method is descriptive. The statistical population consisted of 302 primary school teachers in the city of Khorramabad that were selected using relative stratified sampling. Measuring tool, includes open response determined establishment of school life indicators for specialists for professional’s questionnaire and open response include determined school establishment of life indicators, particularly professional’s questionnaire and school of Life researcher made questionnaire particularly for teachers Cronbach's alpha was. 0.894 Analysis of the data by expiratory method and using Spss software to determine how to comparison match and confirm and obtained fitness factor of analysis using Amos software. The path analysis, human resources professionals and creative, to design a comprehensive program for the implementation of school life, change the look of parents, students, teachers and the education system in the school and its mission, the process of teaching - learning, restructuring and training education system based on open systems, changes in educational content and curriculum, appropriate budget allocation, coordination of economic, social, political, educational goals and curriculum revision and design of educational space for establishment of life of the school, factors establishment of school of life explained. The results showed that for the establishment of school life in primary schools should be skilled and creative human resources factors, A comprehensive curriculum designed to implement the school's life and change the look of parents, students, teachers and the education system in the school and its mission, the special attention.

The purpose of this study is determine the relationship between workaholic 3 factors (Work Involvement, Feelings of Being Driven to Work, and Work Enjoyment) in Human Resource Productivity with the moderator of the intellectual capital (Human capital, structural capital and relational capital) . The research method is relative descriptive correlational. Statistical sample consisted of 201 employees Lorestan University, who were selected using stratified sampling method. Measuring instruments consists of three questionnaires workaholic Spence and Robbins questionnaire, Human Resource Productivity base on Chivy model Hersey and Goldsmith questionnaire model, Intellectual capital questionnaire Bontis . To analyze the data, structural equation was used. The results showed that workaholic has a significant relationship with Human Resource Productivity .This relationship, particularly when moderator variable of intellectual capital, entered the equation it ha greater strength .In other words, we can say that intellectual capital increase intensity of the relationship between workaholic and Human Resource Productivity

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between (intelligent leadership, cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, spiritual intelligence, business intelligence mental health and school teachers with the moderator of these occupational stress management problem-focused coping strategies, emotion-focused coping strategies and support social) problem-focusedcoping strategies, emotion-focused coping strategies and social support. The research methodis descriptive. The study sample consisted of 302 high school teachers from the city ofKhorramabad, which were selected using stratified sampling. Measuring instrument consists of three questionnaires intelligent leadership, mental health questionnaire Forklift (1992) and the Job stress management. To analysis data was used structural equation method. The results of this study showed that intelligent leadership has a significant relationship with mental health, school teachers, this relationship was more stability,especially when the adjustment variable came in (enter) in the equation.In other word, of job stress was managed., intelligent leadership relationship with teacher's mental health was more increased.