فهرست مطالب alikhani

The man-made farm dam surrounding the Kashaf-Rud Protected Area has created artificial wetlands, providing an ideal habitat for various bird species. One such species is the Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), which has made the dam its breeding ground. A total of 42 nests of black-winged Stilts were investigated during the study period from early May onwards in the Kashaf-Rud Protected Area. Our study revealed that nests were built on small patches near the water's edge without aquatic plant incorporation. The mean distance between nests was 3.97±3.281 m, with a mean distance from nests to water of 2.76±1.866 m. We found differences in the mean of clutch size and nest depth compared to previous research in Guilan province of Iran and southern part of Spain highlighting the influence of environmental conditions on nesting attributes within the species. Our results underscore the significance of wetlands in northeastern Iran as favorable habitats for a variety of waterbird species.

Jihad has many branches, which are divided in a general category into jihad in the hard field and jihad in the soft field. Today, under the category of soft jihad, "explanation jihad" is a duty. "Explanation Jihad" is a definite duty and an urgent duty, and anyone who can should take action. However, this jihad, like any other jihad, has commanders who must have certain qualifications. In this article, by using the theme analysis method and using MAXQDA software, it has been tried to calculate the competencies of soft war commanders in Jihad. The tool of data collection in this research was the interview of experts, for this purpose, the interviews were continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and a total of 10 experts were interviewed. After analyzing the conducted interviews, a number of 680 primary themes were obtained, and after refining, 653 basic themes were formed. The organization of the basic themes was done in the form of 10 organizing themes and finally the organizing themes were categorized in the form of 3 comprehensive themes of knowledge competences, dispositional competences and behavioral competences.

The primary purpose of park design is to improve the environment, bring together community members, and create a space for fun and entertainment, but the point that has received less attention in the design of parks is to preserve the biodiversity of animal species in cities. Birds tell the ecological situation of their environment. Therefore, in this research, the diversity and richness of bird species in different parks of Mashhad city were evaluated, and the effect of green space variables and land features on the presence of different populations of bird species was evaluated. For this purpose, 11 parks were selected based on the area and spatial distribution suitable for the geographical location. Then, based on the area of the park, between 3 and 92 sampling points were selected and birds were observed up to a radius of 50 meters. Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used for data normalization and multivariate regression method was used for data analysis in Minitab software. The results of this research showed that by removing the variables with high correlation, the remaining independent variables have a direct effect on increasing the bird’s species richness. As the area of the parks increases, the density of the edge increases and it accommodates a greater variety of birds. With the increase in the age of the park, the age of tree and shrub species has increased, and despite the variety of trees, shrubs and grasses, proper landscaping has resulted in a rich micro-economy, and finally, increased the bird species richness.

Regarding the importance of targeted delivery of pharmacies, a novel drug delivery system was designed by mesalazine (Mes) anchoring on Graphene Oxide (GO) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain 2.6 mmol Mes on 1 g of GO-PEG. The new compound was produced through esterification reactions of GO with PEG and subsequent esterification with Mes. The nano drug was characterized with common analysis methods including Raman, FT-IR, UV-Vis, Energy Dispersive X-ray, X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The in vitro Mes releasing from the composite was evaluated at two pHs of 3.5 and 7.4 for simulation of the gastric and intestine conditions. It was found that the compound is more stable in acidic media and slowly releases Mes at pH=4. The reason for this phenomenon is considered the ester bonds are produced in acidic media and have not been hydrolyzed in these conditions. The initial results of in vitro experiments indicated that the new drug would be a promising candidate for use in vivo.

Although a positive mean-variance relation is a cornerstone of traditional finance theory, empirical evidence supporting it is controversial and mixed. According to behavioral finance theory, the mixed risk-return tradeoffs attributes to investor sentiment in the financial market. In this paper, we investigated the effect of individual investor sentiment on the mean-variance relationship in 103 Tehran Stock Exchange firms using the BSI index. Meanwhile, we examined the relationship between small and large companies, high and low-priced firms, and growth and value stocks. The conditional volatility of stocks was calculated with GARCH models, and the research hypotheses were examined using a panel data method. The results show that the risk-return relationship in the total sample, growth stocks, and high-priced entities are less affected by sentiments, but sentiments strengthen the positive mean-variance relation in value stocks, low capitalization, and low-priced firms. However, sentiment does weaken the positive relation in high-capitalization firms. According to the research results, in constructing portfolios based on variance, investors should consider not only the sentiment of investors but also the features of the share in terms of value and growth, the market value of the company, and the stock price of the companies.

Some body under the influence of Imam Khomeini's school started their movements in the resistance front. Some of them are defined as having a school following the school of Imam Khomeini due to the breadth and influence of their movement. Among these people is the martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani. The Supreme Leader emphasizes that we should not see the General as a person. General is a school. Each school has its own characteristics that need to be defined. The best person to define the characteristics of a school is the creator of that school, or in other words, the person who first introduced that school. This research will examine and analyze the components of the school of Shahid Soleimani in the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution.The present study use the thematic analysis method to study the statements of the Supreme Leader in relation to the school of Shahid Soleimani. If this school is identified, it can be used to educate the future based on it. Another use will be to train new forces based on the resistance based on the merits of the IRGC from the school of Shahid Soleimani. Finally, the statements of the Supreme Leader were categorized into 164 initial themes, 25 main themes and 6 organizing themes.

One of the important theological arguments for proving oneness of God and denying polytheism is the Argument of Mutual Hindering (Al-Tamanoˈ). There is no common view about this argument and how to obtained it from Quranic verse "Had there been gods in heaven or earth other than Allah, both would indeed have been ruined". Theologians and philosophers have differing

Information on the dietary nicheis an integral and challenging part of conservation planning,and it is essential for understanding the status of a species in biological communities and conservation. In this study, to investigate the diet of little owls Athene noctua(Strigiformes: Strigidae) in northeastern Iran'sKhorasan Razavi Province,a total of 402pellets were collected during 2019-2020.The results indicated that during four seasons, the diets of the studied little owls (contained: 72.9% rodents, 12% insects, 10.1% eulipotyphla, 2.9% birds, and 2.1% reptiles). Rodents, included Muridae, Dipodidae,and Cricetidae families.Muridae had the highest percentages in the pellets (Mus musculus)and (Merionessp.)with48.2% and 33.1%relative abundance,respectively). Thepercentage of rodents in winter,with 82.8% was superior in comparisonto other seasons,and then in autumn with 77.3%,and in spring and summer with 62.9%. Simpson Biodiversity Indexwas 0.653 for the whole year.Springand winter had the highest (0.758), and lowest biodiversity index(0.542), respectively. The implication of the results of this studymightbeintheconservation and management programs, as well.

Today, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention is widely used in cardiac patients. The procedure is to open the arteries using a balloon and stent insertion and is associated with complications such as hematoma, bleeding and severe pain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two methods of cold compress and local anesthetic on pain after angiography by systematic review of previous studies.

In this review study, articles published between (2020-2000) were reviewed. In order to obtain relevant scientific documentation, electronic search in both Persian and English using Keywords (Angiography, Heart Disease, Pain, Cold Application, Local Anesthetics) in Academic Database of Academic Jihad (SID) ), Magiran Database, Iranian Medical Science Database (IranMedex), PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest and Google, and 20 articles The study was adapted to the effect of using two methods of cold compression and local anesthesia on the severity of pain after angiography, 12 articles due to lack of access to the full text, and being out of the defined time frame (2000 -2020) were removed from the study and the remaining eight studies were reviewed.

Studies have shown that a variety of methods, including pharmacological (topical anesthetics) and non-pharmacological (cold compresses), are used to reduce pain in patients undergoing angiography. The results all studies showed that cold compress were significantly effective in reducing pain after angiography and were more effective in reducing pain than local anesthetics.

According to the results of studies and the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods in reducing pain after angiography, this method can be used to provide relief and pain relief after angiography

Photocatalyst process as a green method can help significantly remove water pollutants. In his regard, various nanostructures can be applied as a photocatalyst for photodegradation of different dyes. In his work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs), and zinc oxide/nickel oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/NiO nanocomposites) were synthesized through facile and simple co-precipitation route. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was applied as a capping agent for controlling of particle size. The crystallinity and morphological properties of prepared products were studied via X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The optical band gaps of prepared ZnO NPs, NiO NPs, ZnO/NiO nanocomposites were calculated 3.16 eV, 3.43 eV, and 2.94 eV via UV-Vis-assisted plotting of the (αhν)² versus photon energy (hν). The obtained products applied as photocatalyst material for phodegradation of acid violet and rhodamine B (RhB). Also, catalyst dosage (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 g) as an important parameter choose to investigate in the designed photocatalytic process. It is found that prepared ZnO NPs, NiO NPs, and ZnO/NiO nanocomposites shows excellent photocatalytic activity, although ZnO/NiO nanocomposites provided better removal (93.8%) compared to ZnO NPs (86.1%) and NiO NPs (81.5%) toward acid violet. The same trend was observed for rhodamine B. The results confirm that 0.06 g is the optimum dosage of catalyst.

Spatial variations in the qualitative indicators of groundwater resources are among the factors influencing the policies of harvest management and consumption of these resources. In arid and semi-arid climatic zones, groundwater is one of the important resources for exploitation for various purposes, especially agriculture and drinking and importance study of its quality indicators in order to assess the possibility of using water resources. In this research, the accuracy of kriging and cokriging statistical methods as well as definite inverse weighted distance methods and radial base functions to predict the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters including chlorine, sodium, magnesium, calcium Sulfate, sodium adsorption ratio, total solute concentration and electrical conductivity were investigated in Turkmenchay region. In order to evaluate the results, cross-evaluation method and MAD, RMSE and R indices were used. Based on the obtained results, the cokriging method is the best method for zoning all the studied indicators. RMSE values for electrical conductivity are 130.67 μmohs/cm, total solute concentration is 61.13 mg/lit, calcium concentration is 0.84 meq/lit, magnesium concentration is 0.53 mg/lit, sodium concentration equal to 0.63 meq/lit, chlorine concentration equal to 0.41 meq/lit, sulfate concentration equal to 0.58 meq/lit and Sodium absorption ratio was obtained as 0.31 meq/lit were reported. Also, the evaluation of the results obtained from the spatial distribution of indicators showed that the groundwater resources in the whole study area are in a favorable condition for use for various purposes, which is more evident in the northern half of the study area. Due to the trend of changes in the concentration of elements in the area of Khajeh Ghias village, in order to improve the conditions and provide policies for extraction and consumption of groundwater in order to prevent a decline in water quality, it is recommended to monitor water quality regularly.

In this article, a new version of the trial equation method is suggested. This method allows new exact solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations. The developed method is applied to unstable nonlinear fractionalorder Schrödinger equation in fractional time derivative form of order α. Some exact solutions of the fractionalorder fractional PDE are attained by employing the new powerful expansion approach using by beta-fractional derivatives which are used to get many solitary wave solutions by changing various parameters. New exact solutions are expressed with rational hyperbolic function solutions, rational trigonometric function solutions, 1-soliton solutions, dark soliton solitons, and rational function solutions. We can say that unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation exist different dynamical behaviors. In addition, the physical behaviors of these new exact solutions are given with two and three dimensional graphs.

For over three decades, various researchers have aimed to construct a model of breast cancer. Most of them have used an infrared thermal model to stimulate breast cancer, but in this study, a novel estimation methodology is presented to detect the breast cancer tumor using the surface measurement obtained by Passive Acoustic Thermometer (PAT). PAT is a safe method for internal temperature estimation that works based on acoustic radiation of materials with a specific temperature.

This article uses a simulation framework for breast tissue simulation and tumor detection using the PAT methodologies in different scenarios. This framework supports the generation of acoustic radiation, tissue modelling, signal processing, parameter estimation, and temperature reconstruction processes. The proposed framework estimates the temperature in the frequency domain and uses the frequency spectrum of the acquired ultrasound signals captured by a single transducer. Using the proposed framework, PAT has been evaluated in breast cancer detection.

According to the results, obtained from the temperature estimation in scenario 3, the sub-band estimation method, which is utilized in practical experiments in this field, shows different errors in each sub-band, making it difficult to select the true estimation. Therefore, a novel formulation is proposed that provides only one estimated temperature for breast tissue with a reasonable error (1.28 degrees) for tumor detection.

The results show that it is possible to use this framework to evaluate the PAT in different scenarios for tumor detection. In fact, this method enhances the possibility of examination of different conditions and algorithms. It also reduces the cost of practical experiments.

The valuable book of Nahj al-Mustarshidīn fī ‘Uṣūl al-Dīn is one of the small and concise works of ‘Allāmah Ḥillī (d. 726 AH) which, according to him, was written for the use of seekers of certainty. Due to the brevity and comprehensiveness of this book on theological issues, students of  ‘Allāmah and the theologians living in his era as well as Imami scholars of later periods have paid special attention to the description and interpretation of this theological work. The book M'irāj al-Yaqīn fī Sharh Nahj al-Mustarshidīn written by the son of Allāmah Ḥillī, Muhammad ibn Hassan, known as Fakhr al-Muhaqiqīn (d. 771 AH), is one of these commentaries, which was researched by Mr. Tāhir al-Salami. The book was published in 1436 AH in the circulation of 1000 copies,  by the Islamic Center for Strategic Studies, which belongs to the Holy Institute of Abbāsiyeh .In the present article, after referring to the contents of the book of Nahj al-Mustarshidīn and its commentaries, especially the M'irāj al-Yaqīn, we will evaluate the mentioned edited version of this work.

Throughout the world, roads have a significant devastating impact on natural habitats wildlife, indicating that roads serve as one of the major factors contributing to global biodiversity loss. Expansion of road networks in Khorasan Razavi Province, within and around protected areas, has led to an increase in road casualties, especially carnivores’ road mortalities. The present study aimed to delineate the hotspots of carnivores’ vehicle collisions on the roads located inside and around of the protected areas, investigate the time patterns for the carnivores’ road casualties, and prioritize hotspots of road casualties in the Khorasan Razavi Province. For this purpose, road casualties of carnivores in this province were evaluated between 2011 to 2020. The results showed that a total of 199 carnivores belonging to 11 species of the Canidae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidae and Felidae have died due to vehicle collisions during our study period. The highest numbers of mortalities, in this study, were recorded for the common fox (25.8%), golden jackal (20.7%), grey wolf (14.15%), hyena (13.6%), and wildcat (10.1%), respectively, making a total of 167 cases of recorded collisions (84.34%). The results of this study showed that the majority of road mortalities for these species occurred during autumn, winter, summer, and spring, respectively. Our results also revealed a total of eight hotspots of road mortalities in this province that are mainly situated across the northern, central, and western parts of this province.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive model of the characteristics of jihadi management in commanders of eight years of holy defense. To write the research literature, the method of library studies has been used and to achieve the main purpose of the article, the method of content analysis or theme with an interpretive approach has been used. For this purpose, the statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) during the years 1359-1368 and the statements of Imam Khamenei (as) during the years 1399-1360 have been studied. Due to the high volume of lectures, more than 90 lectures related to the research topic were analyzed by purposeful selection and study. In order to analyze the text of the lectures, after carefully studying these texts and creating the initial codes, the sub-themes were identified and refined, and then the themes were extracted by classifying the identified sub-themes. X-Mind Map software has been used to draw the network of themes. In total, 189 concept codes (in the form of 128 concepts), 55 sub-themes and 13 main themes were obtained from the studies. The thirteen main themes of this research are: self-sacrifice, struggle, God-centeredness, insight, creativity and innovation, morale Self-confidence, biological simplicity, service spirit, duty-oriented, conscious and compassionate management and guidance, staffing, honesty, justice.

Considering that the culture that governs the Islamic Republic of Iran's society and organizations is Islamic culture and management in any organization and society depends on its culture, we need to establish the duties and systems of Islamic management in the country's organizations. Islamic culture is more prominent in the country's defense organizations tied to the culture of jihad and martyrdom, so the country's defense organizations and institutions need Islamic systems in various sectors, one of which is the field of control. Numerous studies have been conducted on Islamic control models, one of the most recent of which is the Alavite strategic control model, but the importance and performance of these models' components in a defense organization have not been assessed. The present study's question is each of Alavi's strategic control components placed in which quadrant of the significance-performance matrix; furthermore, what are the strategic recommendations corresponding to the organization's performance-importance matrix? The Alavi strategic control model components were analyzed using the significance-performance analysis method in the studied defense organization. Of the 128 components of this model, 28 were in the focus quarter, 36 were in the excellent work continuity quarter, 29 were in the low priority quarter, and 35 Items were in the quarter of resource waste. According to the four quadrants of the importance-performance matrix, the defense organization managers were suggested to focus on the first quarter components and increase the performance. The performance in the second and third quarters' components does not need any remarkable change, and the performance in The components of the fourth quarter requires to be reduced.

One of the most important issues in any country and organization is the issue of control, which is referred to as strategic control in strategic management. What is most needed today in strategic and macro policies is a strategic control model that addresses different aspects of the control problem and can control strategic points. Different models have been designed to date in the field of strategic control. In the present study, 22 available strategic designed control models were studied to obtain a hybrid model for strategic control at macro level. Models were selected and studied using the Hyperlink method, which has seven basic steps. Out of 22 investigated models, 129 components were identified and finally a comprehensive hybrid model, which is a systematic model, was presented. This model has inputs, processes, outputs, outputs and feedbacks, and each part of the system has its own subsets that are expressed in the final model.

The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical scheme for solving time-fractional partial differential equation based on cubic B-spline quasi-interpolation. For this purpose, first we will approximate the time-fractional derivative by Laplace transform method and then by using of cubic B-spline quasi-interpolation, the spatial derivatives are approximated. Moreover, the stability of this method is studied. Finally, European call and put options are priced and we will show that the results are good agreement with the other methods. The main advantage of the resulting scheme is that the algorithm is very simple, so it is very easy to implement.

Waste produced from car breaker companies severely affects the environment. So far, the only way to manage this complex waste is to bury it. In this research, the waste converted to hydrocarbons and carbon black by co-pyrolysis process in the designed high performance co-pyrolysis system. The results showed that the as-obtained maximum yield of heavy oil and light hydrocarbon wax, carbon black and non-condensable gas can be listed as mass basis of 8, 34, 3, 40 and 15%, respectively. The ratio of 5 W/W% treated expanded perlite as catalyst to waste increased the amount of light hydrocarbons to 34 W/W%.

Internal temperature is a significant factor for medical diagnosis. There are several thermometric methods, including IR, MRI, and active ultrasonic thermometry, which have limitations for clinical applications. The new method in this field called Passive Acoustic Thermometry (PAT), which enhanced some of this limitation. PAT is a safe method for internal temperature estimation that works based on acoustic radiation of materials with a specific temperature. Several experimental studies have been carried out so far in the field of PAT. While, to the best of our knowledge, there is no simulation-based research for nonhomogeneous materials reported yet. In this article (for the first time) we proposed a simulation framework for evaluating the PAT methodologies in nonhomogeneous materials; also we proposed a new formulation for temperature estimation in PAT algorithm.

This framework supports the generation of acoustic radiation, signal processing, parameter estimation, and temperature reconstruction processes. At the moment the proposed framework estimates the temperature in the frequency domain and uses the frequency spectrum of the acquired ultrasound signals captured by a single transducer. Using the proposed framework, we tried to implement the previously practical experiments and the results of the simulation are consistent with those of the practical experiments. Also, we proposed the formulation that improves the error of temperature estimation.  

We study 6 scenarios, including 2 environments with a target at 3 different temperatures. The average error of the proposed formulation in two different nonhomogeneous materials for three different temperatures is less than 0.25°C.

The results show that the proposed formulation is the best estimation in the formula that has been introduced until now and compare with the previous study the accuracy is enhanced 54% (from 0.79 to 0.36 deg.). Therefore, the proposed formula enhanced PAT accuracy for temperature estimation. Also, the results show that it is possible to use this framework to evaluate the PAT in different scenarios. Therefore, this method enhances the possibility of examination of different conditions and algorithms. It also reduces the cost of practical experiment.

‎This paper provides the fractional derivatives of‎ ‎the Caputo type for the sinc functions‎. ‎It allows to use efficient‎ ‎numerical method for solving fractional differential equations‎. ‎At‎ ‎first‎, ‎some properties of the sinc functions and Legendre‎ ‎polynomials required for our subsequent development are given‎. ‎Then‎ ‎we use the Legendre polynomials to approximate the fractional‎ ‎derivatives of sinc functions‎. ‎Some numerical examples are‎ ‎introduced to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the‎ ‎introduced method‎.

One of the most important Islamic arts is the art of reciting the Holy Quran, which is popular in various Islamic countries. One of the most important factors in promoting and achieving the perfection of Qur’anic recitation and one of the most important spiritual etiquettes of recitation is the meaning-oriented issue. Meaning based recitation is the one that’s based on the meaning and concept of the verses. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the meaning-oriented position, its obvious characteristics, such as effectiveness, humility (khushu’) and heartedly motivation, as well as its effects, such as sanctifying the goals of recitation, reviving the true position of the reciter and the recitation of the Holy Quran in society, creating an atmosphere of thinking, reasoning and contemplating in Qur’anic circles has been studied. According to this research, not every recitation is desirable for the holy verses and hadiths, and the meaning-based approach in recitation is the basis of a desirable recitation, which leads to familiarity with the Qur'an in society at its general and specific levels.

The extremely high rate of evaporation from water surfaces greatly reduces optimal utilization of water reservoirs. One of the biggest problems of water in dams in Iran is the huge amount of water loss through evaporation due to high evaporation rate. In this study, the efficiency of duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) as an environmentally friendly cover on water in reducing water evaporation has been investigated. For this purpose, a pilot system was designed that consisted of two glassy ponds. One pond as duckweed culture medium filled with raw water of the dam without the addition of any duckweed nutrients (plant pond), and another pond filled with raw water of the dam without duckweed (unplanted pond). Duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) was purchased from a typical aquarium market, and it was then cultured and used for batch experiments. The raw water of Aydoghmush dam (Miyaneh, Iran) was used for culture medium. The walls of the ponds were covered to prevent light from entering except at the top and the tow fluorescent lamps (36 W, Pars Co.) as artificial light at the top of each pond were also located (simulating natural climatic conditions). Temperature was maintained at 25 °C, and 14 hours of photoperiod was applied to duckweed. Both ponds were also equipped with an aeration system installed at the bottom of the pond. One of the aquariums as a growth medium and plant covering (planted aquarium) and the other without duckweed as unplanted aquarium were selected (both aquariums were filled with the raw water of the dam without the addition of any duckweed nutrients). For one month, every 24 hours, the amount of water evaporation was measured using the amount of change of water height in the ponds. The effect of plant covering, aeration and comparison of fresh and non-living duckweed covering on reducing surface water evaporation were studied. The effect of plant covering on reducing surface water evaporation in open air (outside) was also investigated.  The results showed that the rate of evaporation in the plant pond is lower than unplanted pond. The content of evaporation in the plant and unplanted ponds is 23.75 and 32.60%, respectively. So, plant growth and creating coverage on the water’s surface can be effective in reducing the surface evaporation of water storages such as dams. The effect of aeration on reduction of evaporation was also investigated. The results indicated that aeration enhanced growth rate of the plant and consequently, reduced the water evaporation. This can be due to the following main reasons: 1) increasing the growth rate of the plant and the formation of more plant covering on the surface of the water; 2) the formation of turbulent flow in the surface layer of water and the replacement of water molecules with those molecules that have the potential to escape from the surface of the water. The results also showed that non-living duckweed can be used as a cover on water to reduce water evaporation, and in the open air, by creating plant covering on the surface of the water, 23.53% of the surface water evaporation can be prevented. By comparing the results obtained in the laboratory and in the open air, it is evident that the evaporation rate in both plant and unplanted aquariums is higher than in the laboratory environment, which can be due to exposure to sunlight and wind.