فهرست مطالب r. mohammadi

Premenstrual syndrome is one of the most important clinical problems in women's diseases. The significance of PMS due to its more prevalence in young girls requires a deeper study and finding their own experiences.

The present qualitative study was a phenomenological approach. The study population included premenstrual syndrome, 10 people were selected by targeted sampling method. Sampling continues until data saturation. The data analysis was designed with a descriptive study method.

In this study, 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes were identified, which were: Symptomatic experience of the syndrome (experience of behavioral, emotional and cognitive patterns, physical experience of the syndrome, temporal experience of the syndrome, perception of menstrual syndrome and control or non-control of the syndrome). Experiencing the socio-cultural dimension of the syndrome (accepting or rejecting the socio-cultural context and gender perspective on the syndrome), coping strategies with the experience of the syndrome (reviewing the experience of the syndrome, accepting or not accepting the syndrome, and understanding the meaning of the syndrome). Syndrome (desire to be alone and not communicating with others and the importance of communication experiences).

The results of this study can provide many practical and clinical implications for girls with PMS and this experience is a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon.

This study was aimed to assess genetic variation and characterize 50 selected genotypes of Agropyron desertorum Fisch. ex Link. using agro-morphological traits and forage yield. Each genotype was clonally propagated into four clones and they were space planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications on the research farm of the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of the Northwest and West regions, Tabriz, Iran. Data collected from March 2017 for two years. The results of the variance analysis showed significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits (P<0.01), which indicated high variation among the studied genotypes for all the traits. Based on the mean comparison of annual forage dry matter yield over two years, the 14 genotypes with higher annual forage production (more than 350 g/plant equal to 9.8 t.h-1) and also higher seed yield (more than 40 g/plant equal to 1.12 t.h-1) were selected as the superior genotypes. Based on the cluster analysis, the 50 genotypes were divided into four clusters. The results indicated that there were significant variation and considerable distance for forage, seed yield and other traits among the studied genotypes. Thus, these genotypes could be suitable genetic sources for selecting superior parental genotypes to improve breeding composite varieties.

This study aims to evaluate and compare Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) versus Helical Tomotherapy (HT) based on treatment planning and selection of the most appropriate method to reduce side effects.

Treatment planning was performed on images of 20 patients with head and neck cancer with lymph node involvement by HT and 3D-CRT techniques in Seyed Al-Shohada hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The quality of target coverage, the exposure of normal tissue, and radiation delivery efficiency in two studied methods were compared.

Tomotherapy showed significant improvement over 3D-CRT in terms of D2%, D50% Dmean, V95%, CI (conformity index), and HI (homogeneity index) for PTV (planning target volume) and in terms of D2%, D98%, Dmean, V95%, CI and HI for PTV Nodal. The mean dose received by 98% of PTV (D98%) increased in HT compared to 3D-CRT. Whereas, higher doses received in organs at risk (OARs) in 3D-CRT compared to HT.

Results showed improvements in target quality for HT over 3D-CRT, including dosimetric coverage of target volumes, homogeneity and conformity indices, and reduction of the volume of cold and hot spots. Tomotherapy also performed better than that of 3D-CRT in OARs. Overall, with the satisfactory results obtained here, HT technique has considerable promise for treating head and neck cancers with the involvement of regional lymph nodes.

Drought-tolerance and grain yield stability are among the most important aspects in adaptation and successful performance of rainfed winter bread wheat cultivars. The main objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effectiveness of drought tolerance indices for selection of drought-tolerant winter bread wheat genotypes, and (ii) to identify high-yielding genotypes with yield stability in variable environments. In this experiment, 24 winter bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 12 yield trials under two moisture-regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation) in two dryland research stations differing in winter temperature (temperate and cold agro-climatic conditions) during three cropping cycles (2018-2021). Yield-based drought tolerance indices including; stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and yield stability index (YSI) were used to estimate drought tolerance levels of winter bread wheat genotypes across locations and cropping cycles. GGE-biplot technique was used for grain yield stability analysis. Combined-analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of cropping season, location, moisture-regime, genotype, and their interactions effects on grain yield were significant (P<0.01). The combined and yearly PCA-based biplots and correlation matrix analyses revealed that STI, GMP and MP were consistently correlated (P<0.01) with grain yield in either rainfed and irrigated environments, indicating the effectiveness of these indices for selection of high-yielding genotypes in both conditions. Based on these indices, G13 (Chenab/GB-SARA-27 IRW2009-10-023-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-6MA), G14 (Chenab/GB-SARA-27 IRW2009-10-023-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-7MA), G11 (Dharwar Dry/Nesser//SARA-BW-F6-06-85-86-2-5 IRW2009-10-056-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-0MA-6MA) and G22 (Unknown-2) were the most drought-tolerant genotypes. GGE-biplot analysis identified G11, G13 and G14 as high yielding genotypes with yield stability across environments. In conclusion, the genotypic variation for drought tolerance and grain yield stability found in this study should be further explored in the national rainfed winter bread wheat breeding programs in Iran.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their serious risks to the environment and human health. Industrial processes such as the combustion of fossil fuels, petrochemicals, dyes, coatings, pesticides, and plastics all contribute to the emission of VOCs. Degradation methods (catalytic oxidation and biofiltration) and recovery methods (adsorption, compaction, and membrane separation) have been developed to remove VOCs. Adsorption has been established as one of the most promising strategies to reduce VOCs due to its cost-effective properties, simplicity, and low energy consumption. Prominent advances in the adsorption of VOCs by various types of porous materials (such as carbon-based materials, oxygen-containing materials, organic polymers, and composites) have been carefully summarized in this study. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of VOCs adsorption for different porous materials.

 The present study tries to analyze the articles of management quarterly in Islamic University with a detailed pathology and first f all answers the question, what are the weaknesses of the articles published in this quarterly magazine? And secondly, to what extent could these articles support the policies of the publication? 

 This research was developed using the mixed research method, and in this way, the data was explained using two methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. 

 The findings of the research indicate that in the pathology section, among the 86 titles of articles published between 2014 and 2018, 4.65% of articles have similar titles, 8.13% of articles have long damage, 4.65% of unintelligible titles and 1.1% of articles are not consistent with the policies and goals of the journal. In the abstract section, 12.79% of abstracts were weak in stating the purpose, 1.16% were weak in stating the method, 9.30% were weak in stating the findings, 10.46% of the abstracts were weak in expressing the conclusion, and 9.30% of the articles were deficient in the number of words. Also, out of 376 keywords, 70 items, equivalent to 18.61%, were damaged. 

 The authors of the survey conclude that regardless of the few damages and weaknesses that existed in the articles published in the two management quarterly journals in the Islamic University, the reviewed articles were able to meet the expectations of the publication.

In this paper, the performance of a piezoelectric pump is numerically simulated by considering the main equations of fluid flow, elastic diaphragm and electric field. The simulation is conducted using the two-way fluid-structure interaction approach, as the fluid and structure affect each other in performance of piezoelectric pumps. The simulation results are compared with experimental results and the maximum error in steady analysis is obtained 9.66% and in un steady analysis is 8.95%. Due to the good time response and the possibility of flow control by piezoelectric pumps, the feasibility of using piezoelectric pumps as dosing pumps is investigated. The simulation results showed that the designed piezoelectric pump could be used as a dosing pump; so that if the pilot gas pressure reducing station operates at its maximum capacity (10,000 cubic meters per hour), the proposed pump will inject the required odorant at a voltage of 200 volts and a frequency of 0.167 Hz. The proposed odorizer system, in addition to the possibility of precise control of the amount of injected odor, has a lower initial cost and operation cost than the present bypass system at the station.

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a perennial forage grass, wind-pollinated and out-crossing that belongs to the Poa ceae family, which is used for pasture, rangeland renovation and hay production. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of D. glomerata populations using morphological markers to identify high yielding populations. For this purpose, 25 populations of D. glomerata were sown on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute in Tabriz in the 2018-2019 cropping year. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the studied traits, indicating high genetic diversity among populations. Based on the mean comparison results, G2, G5, G14, G16, G18, G19, G24 and G25 populations with 312-342 g/plant in terms of forage yield and G7, G8, G2 and G16 with 27-35 g/plant in terms of seed yield were identified as the best populations. Therefore, G2 population from Shahroud and G16 population from Isfahan were the two top populations in terms of seed and forage yield. Cluster analysis was performed and populations were classified into four groups based on the studied traits. The cluster3 with seven members included most of the top populations. In this study, the highest genetic distance was related to the populations of clusters 1 and 3. In order to produce synthetic cultivars, the parental plants for polycross should be selected from these groups.

Bioactive packaging systems (coatings/films) are novel technology concepts in food industries. Bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, vitamins, probiotics and prebiotics are designed to be included in coatings or coating materials that directly affect health of consumers. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility of producing prebiotic edible films by adding inulin to the film based on carboxymethyl cellulose and beta-glucan and to investigate film mechanical, barrier and structural characteristics.

In this study, various concentrations of inulin (0, 2 and 4% w/v) were added to carboxymethylcellulose/beta-glucan solutions. Then, mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break), barrier (oxygen and water permeability), optical (opacity, a, b and L) and structural characteristics of the films were compared with each other.

Inulin included plasticizing effects in all treatments. Thus, tensile strength decreased and hydrophilicity, oxygen permeability and elongation at break increased significantly (p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that hydrogen bonds were the major force between carboxymethylcellulose, beta-glucan and inulin, which increased flexibility and water affinity of the films.

Although addition of inulin improved composite films via increases in elongation at break and decreases in oxygen permeability of the composite films, their hydrophilicities increased as well. Therefore, these films include the potentials in cases, where packaging hydrophilicity is an advantage such as edible coating used in food products. However, further studies seem necessary.

The major disease of Persian walnut is walnut blight caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. This disease limits walnut production in many regions of the world in particular those with warm and humid springs. All succulent tissues including recent shoots, fruits and catkins may be attacked but their sensitivity decreases over time. Symptoms on leaves begin as small, water-soaked spot that can expand to form angular necrotic lesions surrounded by a yellow hallo. Infection on the hull of the unripe fruits is initiates as a dark spot, which rapidly creates dark sunken lesions. If fruit infection occurs before shell hardening, the kernels are usually destroyed, infection after shell hardening results in dark kernels and poor-quality nuts, while the kernel is until consumable. The main current strategy for walnut blight control is to protect succulent tissues by copper-based sprays from bud-burst. However, multiple copper sprays do not always control the disease and there is the risk of development of copper resistant bacterial strains. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most practical, environmental friendly and economical approach for controlling of this disease. So far, there have not been any cultivar completely resistant or immune to this disease. However, variation in susceptibility level has been shown to occur, worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine leaf and unripe fruit resistance of Iranian promising walnut genotypes in response to controlled inoculation with X. arboricola pv. juglandis in orchard and laboratory conditions.

In this research, the relative resistance of leaf and unripe fruits to bacterial blight were studied in a number of promising walnut genotypes replicated during two years of 2015 and 2016. The local genotypes have been selected through massive surveys of native orchards in different provinces of the country. The main selective criterion for walnut selection was late leafing trait. In addition, correlation between leaf blight and unripe fruit blight severities were studied. The material included H1-7, H2-1, SHK2, Vina, Round de montignac (RDM), Lara, G4, G5, B10 and K15 genotypes and cultivars. From this material, KZ3, 88-2, 88-1 and G3 were registered and released in year 2019. Also, Serr, Chandler and Hartley cvs. were used as controls. A mixture of four local bacterial isolates originated from Qazvin, Karaj, Zanjan and Urmie was used as inoculum. The bacterial strains have already been characterized using different phenotypical and molecular tests. They were cultured on Nutrient Agar (NA) plates at 28 ℃. After 72 hours of cultivation, the colonies were suspended in distilled water; the concentration of the suspensions was read by spectrophotometer and after equalization, mixed and used as inoculum. Assessing leaf resistance was performed by spraying one year old grafted seedlings in glasshouse condition and lesion area was recorded 21 days after inoculation. Three leaves (contacting leaflets) of three seedlings were used per genotype. Assessing unripe fruit resistance was achieved by inoculating 45 days old fruits in laboratory condition and lesion diameter data was read 15 days after inoculation. 15 fruits per genotype were used and three lesions were created in each fruit. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Duncan Multiple test range using SAS software.

Based on the results, leaf and unripe fruit blight severities were different among different cultivars and genotypes in both years of evaluation. Combined analysis of blight severity data indicated that G3 (Alvand) and 88-2 (Persian) genotypes had the most leaf blight severity and thus, rated as the most susceptible, while Hartley cultivar had the least leaf blight severity and thus, as the most resistant. Based on combined analysis of data, H1-1 and SHK2 genotypes had the most blight diameters of unripe fruits and thus rated as the most susceptible and resistant genotypes, respectively. Leaves of newly released cultivars of Persian, Caspian, Alvand and Chaldoran were rated as susceptible, relatively resistant, susceptible and relatively susceptible, respectively. On the other hand, unripe fruits of Persian, Caspian, Alvand and Chaldoran were classified as resistant, resistant, relatively resistant and susceptible, respectively. Mean leaf blight severities were not different between the two years of study and also there was no difference between unripe fruit severities between two years of the experiment. No significant correlation was found between leaf blight and unripe fruit blight severities.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation of 26 selected genotypes of Phalaris aquatica L. based on important agronomic traits. Each selected genotype was divided into four clones and they were space planted according to a randomized complete block design with four replications under irrigation conditions in the Khalatposhan research station of Tabriz University, Iran. Data collection was started in March 2017 for two years. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among the studied genotypes for most traits (P<0.01). Accordingly, the mean comparisons of the traits among genotypes were conducted. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the first two components were accounted 66% of the total variation. The traits like forage yield in both cuts, crown diameter, plant height, and seed yield had the most important role in determining the first component. Based on cluster analysis, the 26 genotypes were grouped into four distinct groups. Based on the mean comparison results, principal component, and cluster analyses, 12 genotypes with the highest forage and seed yields in both years were selected as superior genotypes. Therefore, this population provided a suitable genetic source for breeding improved varieties using polycross progeny tests and breeding improved synthetic variety.

Many researchers have considered the idea of using heat to shrink cancer cells and treat cancer. However, efforts in recent years have led to creating novel material more practical in clinical application. The main reason for the synthesis and producing these materials is to raise the temperature in the right place so that healthy cells around the cancerous tissue are not harmed. Nowadays, this can be partly achievable with new devices and methods. Also, cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles with zinc selenide (ZnS) coating for special optical properties were investigated in this work. The CdSe nanoparticles have a wide application in biomedical engineering, including detecting cancer tumors and hyperthermia. There are various methods for synthesizing CdSe nanoparticles, such as precipitation, wet chemistry, mechanical activation, and mechanochemical technique. In this study, we have tried to use an economical method to control Cd ions' toxicity. After fabricating the nanoparticles, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and hyperthermia analyses (HT), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique were performed to characterize the magnetization, thermal changes versus time, phase, and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles. The obtained results indicated that the CdSe successfully synthesized using chemical segmentation for biomaterials applications.

As a result of the Covid-19 outbreak in Iran and other countries of the world, face-to-face training in schools and universities was changed to distance eductaion, which has had different consequences. The purpose of this study was to identify and categorize educational harms and challenges using existing measures and evidence from recent international data. The results of this study can be used to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on learners' learning as a practical and generalizable framework for epidemic management in the field of education in Iran and other countries.

The present qualitative study was performed using the document content analysis method. First, by reviewing electronic databases, all available documents and articles related to education and Covid-19 were identified. All multimedia files, including audio, text and video files during winter 1399 were searched in Internet websites and databases using keywords based on the above criteria. The selection of documents was purposeful considering the four criteria of JUPP. After multi-stage screening, 65 documents were finally selected and analyzed after coding.

Educational harms and challenges caused by Covid-19 outbreak in Iran and other countries were identified and recorded in 29 areas.

It can be concluded that although online education is an immediate need in the process of learning and teaching with many benefits, proposing managerial and executive solutions to address the harms and challenges can form the basis of a rich method of eeducational ducation during and after the Covid-19 era.

Pecten is a fully vascularized and pigmented structure of the eye in avian species which is probably involved in retinal nourishment. The structural features of pecten can be somewhat different in different bird species. With the aim of investigating the histological and anatomical structure of pecten in domestic Iranian breed of chickens, 8 chickens (4 hens and 4roosters) were purchased from Chicken Breeding Institute of Mazandaran and after slaughter, the eye balls were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for anatomical and histological evaluations. It was observed that the pecten structure was consisted of 20 lamellae with different heights in both eyes of both sexes. The basal width of lamellae was 0.51±6235 micrometer in roosters and 0.47±6207 micrometer in hens. The heights of lamellae were different in each pecten oculi. Blood sinuses were present at the attachment site of pecten oculi to retina. In conclusion, the number of lamellae of pecten oculi in domestic Iranian breed of chickens is more similar to quails and turkeys while the size of their pecten oculi is close to galah parrots and domestic chickens with histological features similar to other species.

We investigate one-point algebraic geometric codes CL(D, G) associated to maximal curves recently characterized by Tafazolian and Torres given by the affine equation yl = f(x), where f(x) is a separable polynomial of degree r relatively prime to l. We mainly focus on the curve y4 = x3 +x and Picard curves given by the equations y3 = x4-x and y3 = x4 -1. As a result, we obtain exact value of minimum distance in several cases and get many records that don’t exist in MinT tables (tables of optimal parameters for linear codes), such as codes over F72 of dimension less than 36. Moreover, using maximal Hermitian curves and their sub-covers, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for self-orthogonality and Hermitian self-orthogonally of CL(D, G).

Insulin-like growth factor-1‎ (IGF-1) and myostatin play an important role in responding to muscle contractions, regulating and stimulating muscle metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on IGF-1‎ and myostatin of female athletes.

In this semi-experimental study, 33 athletic girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 11 people: 1- traditional resistance training (TRT) (at 80% 1RM), 2- resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) (at 30% 1RM), and 3- blood flow restriction group with no exercise. Standing barbell curl and barbell bench press exercises were performed for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after training to assess IGF-1 and myostatin levels by ELISA. Paired t-test was used to compare within-group changes and one-way ANOVA was used to compare between-group changes. Significance level was considered p<0/05.

Myostatin level significantly decreased in both training groups compared to the control (p=0.014). Whereas there was no significant difference in IGF-1 between the three groups (p=0.137).

Due to the similarity of the effect of BFR and TRT on serum levels of IGF-1 and myostatin protein in female athletes, it is recommended to use less intense exercise such as BFR instead of TRT to maintain health.

Active packaging is an improved form of conventional packaging that can preserve quality of foods and increase durability and safety of food products due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics.

In this study, effects of olibanum essential oil on physicochemical, structural, antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics of gelatin edible films were investigated. Various concentrations of olibanum essential oil (0.2, 4 and 6% w/v) were added to the gelatin solutions.

Results showed that water vapor permeability and solubility decreased significantly in all treatments containing olibanum essential oil, compared to control treatments (with no olibanum essential oils) (p<0.05). Moreover, tensile strength and elongation at break increased significantly in all treatments compared to control treatments(p< 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed good interactions between gelatin and olibanum essential oil components. Hydrogen and covalent electrostatic interactions between the gelatin network and olibanum essential oil compounds limited availability of the hydrogen groups to form hydrophilic bonds with water. Subsequently, tendency of the gelatin films to water decreased. In addition to antioxidant activity, treatments containing olibanum essential oil exhibited good antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus).

Results of this study have shown that gelatin composite films containing olibanum essential oil can be used for food storage by decreasing chemical and microbial spoilages.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease and global health crisis. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is known as the most widely laboratory method to detect the COVID-19 from respiratory specimens. It suffers from several main drawbacks such as time-consuming, high false-negative results, and limited availability. Therefore, the automatically detect of COVID-19 will be required. This study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. In a retrospective study, we have applied Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained models for detection COVID-19 infection from 348 chest X-ray images. Our proposed models have been trained and tested on a dataset which previously prepared. The all proposed models provide accuracy greater than 90.0%. The pre-trained MobileNet model provides the highest classification performance of automated COVID-19 classification with 99.1% accuracy in comparison with other three proposed models. The plotted area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 models are 0.92, 0.91, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively.  The all proposed models were able to perform binary classification with the accuracy more than 90.0% for COVID-19 diagnosis. Our data indicated that the MobileNet can be considered as a promising model to detect COVID-19 cases. In the future, by increasing the number of samples of COVID-19 chest X-rays to the training dataset, the accuracy and robustness of our proposed models increase further.

Behdan barley cultivar with pedigree of Soufara-02/3/RM1508/Por//Wi2269/4/Hml-02-ArabiAbiad//ER/Apm was introduced in 2007-2008 growing season through IBYT-LRA-M trial, which received from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). This cultivar was initially evaluated at Gachsaran Research Station and based on its higher grain yield (49% grain yield superiority compared to Izeh check cultivar) was selected. In the preliminary evaluation in 2008-09 growing season, Behdan had 64% and 34% higher grain yield compared to the check cultivars (Izeh and Mahoor), respectively. In the uniform regional preliminary yield trial in 2009-2010 growing season, Behdan had 13% higher grain yield compared to average grain yields of Mahoor and Izeh cultivars and in advanced yield trial in 2010-2011 growing season it had 3% and 7% higher grain yields compared to Mahoor and Khorram cultivars, respectively. Under farmer's conditions in Emamzadeh Jafar plain and Basht regions in 2014-2015 growing season, Behdan had 10% and 7% higher grain yields compared to Mahoor and Khorram cultivars, respectively. The protein content of Behdan barley cultivar was found to be 12.5%, indicating its good quality for feeding.

The theory of mind ability underlies the human ability to make complex social interactions. In this study, differences in the theory of mind ability of people with substance dependence and a normal group, and the effect of group training of this ability on addicted people were assessed. In this research, causal-comparative and semi experimental with a pretest and posttest method with a control group were used.For this purpose, 36 male subjects who referred for outpatient addiction treatment center and 36 healthy male people were selected and Baron- Chohen’s Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was administrated in both groups. The group of drug dependence was divided into two groups of 18 people as experimental and control groups. For experimental group, group training sessions were conducted in 24 sessions. Ultimately, test of mind reading was administered as post-test to both groups. Data were analyzed by t-test and one-way analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that both healthy and dependent groups had significant differences in theory of mind (P <0/05). Moreover, after theory of mind training implementation, along with other current treatments, experimental group scores differed significantly from the control group (P <0/05). The study indicated that the group training increased the theory of mind scores, so, this kind of training could be the part of therapy of individuals with a substance abuse disorders.The theory of mind ability underlies the human ability to make complex social interactions. In this study, differences in the theory of mind ability of people with substance dependence and a normal group, and the effect of group training of this ability on addicted people were assessed. In this research, causal-comparative and semi experimental with a pretest and posttest method with a control group were used.  For this purpose, 36 male subjects who referred for outpatient addiction treatment center and 36 healthy male people were selected and Baron- Chohen’s Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was administrated in both groups. The group of drug dependence was divided into two groups of 18 people as experimental and control groups. For experimental group, group training sessions were conducted in 24 sessions. Ultimately, test of mind reading was administered as post-test to both groups. Data were analyzed by t-test and one-way analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that both healthy and dependent groups had significant differences in theory of mind (P <0/05). Moreover, after theory of mind training implementation, along with other current treatments, experimental group scores differed significantly from the control group (P <0/05). The study indicated that the group training increased the theory of mind scores, so, this kind of training could be the part of therapy of individuals with a substance abuse disorders.

The aim of this research was investigating the effect of lesson study prosses on the professional development of Saqez city elementary teachers in the academic year of 2017-2018. The research method was semi- experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elementary teachers in Saqez city who were engaged in the lesson study course in the school year 2017-2018 as well as teachers who did not attend these courses. The sample size was 45 for the experimental group and 45 for the control group. Available sampling method was used for sampling. The validity of the tool was evaluated by experts and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and the value of this test for the whole questionnaire was 0.97. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the professional development scores of teachers participating in the course of lesson study and the teachers who did not participate in this course (P <0.01). Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between scores of teachers participating in the course of lesson study and the teachers who did not participate in this course in standards Designs/Plans Instruction, Creates/Maintains Environments, Implements Instruction, Assesses and Communicates Learning Results, Reflects/Evaluates Professional Practices, Collaborates with Colleagues/Families/Others, Engages in Professional Development, Knowledge of Content, and Demonstrates Implementation of Technology (P <0.01). Therefore, it can be said that lesson study can increase the professional development of teachers.

Three surfactants were selected to modify glassy carbon electrode including sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate, Tween 80 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The obtained nano-Au/surfactant/GCEs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and electrochemicaltechniques. Electrochemical behavior of catechol at the nano-Au/surfactant/GCE was thoroughlyinvestigated for modified electrodes. Compared to the unmodified electrode, the peak currentobviously increased and the oxidation and reduction peaks potential shifted to the negative andpositive potential area, respectively, meaning the peak potential separation is reduced. Thesechanges indicated that the composite nanoparticles possess good electrocatalytic performance onthe electrochemical reaction of catechol. The experimental results revealed that the nanoparticlemodified electrodes have good performances for catechol sensing, which including convenientfabrication, low detection limits and wide linear ranges. These merits of this sensing system providehigh potential to apply in environmental monitoring. In addition, kinetic parameters of catecholredox reaction were determined and the number of electrons was obtained two for the threemodified electrodes.

Before treatment planning and dose delivery, quality assurance of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) has an important role in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) due to the creation of multiple segments from optimization process. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality control of MLC leaves using EBT3 Gafchromic films. Leaf Position accuracy and leaf gap reproducibility were checked with Garden fence test. The garden fence test consists of 5 thin bands A) 0.2 Cm width spaced at 2 Cm intervals and B) 1 Cm width spaced at 1 Cm intervals. Each leaf accuracy was analyzed with measuring the full-width half-maximum (FWHM). Maximum and average leaf transmission were measured with gafchromic EBT3 films from Ashland for both 6 MV and 18 MV beams. Leaf positions were found to be in a range between 1.78 – 2.53 mm, instead of nominal 2 mm for the test A and between 9.09 – 10.36 mm, instead of nominal 10 mm for the test B. The Average radiation transmission of the MLC was noted 1.79% and 1.98% of the open 10x10 Cm2 field at isocenter for 6 MV and 18 MV beams, respectively. Maximum radiation transmission was noted 4.1% and 4.4% for 6 MV and 18 MV beams, respectively. In this study, application of gafchromic EBT3 films for the quality assurance of Euromechanics multileaf collimator was studied. Our results showed that the average leaf leakage and positional accuracy of this type of MLC were in the acceptance level based on the Protocols.

To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of eight promising clones and three commercial cultivars of potato, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications in five regions (Karaj, Ardabil, Mashhad, Esfahan and Hamedan) during 2013-14. In this study, traits of average tuber weight, number and weight of tuber per plant, tuber yield, plant height, number of main stem per plant, tuber shape, eye depth, color of tuber skin and flesh, growth period, tuber hollow heart and tuber inner ring were measured. Results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of region, region × year, genotype, region × genotype and region × year × genotype on tuber yield were significant. Results of bi-plot analysis showed that clones 5 (397031-16), 11 (397045-13) and 9 (397009-8) had higher tuber yield and stability. These clones had cream, light yellow and cream tuber flesh, yellow, yellow and yellow tuber skin, round oval, round oval and round tuber shape and shallow, medium and medium eye depth, respectively, and the tuber hollow heart and inner ring were very little in them. The clones 11 and 5 had a high tuber dry matter (22.99 and 22.27, respectively). Overall, based on tuber yield stability and quantitative and qualitative characteristics, the clones 5, 9 and 11 were selected.

In order to investigate on the interaction between sucrose, honey and citric acid on postharvest life of cut Alstroemeria, a factorial experiment based on RCD carried out with 3 replications with 15 treatments. The treatments included of 5 levels of sugar (control, 2 and 4% sucrose, 2 and 4% honey) and citric acid in 3 levels (0, 200 and 400 mg L-1). Honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid in most traits had better than other treatments and maximum vase life (18.7 days) achieved compared to control (9.84 days). The lowest bacterial solution (3.66 Log 10 CFU ml-1) and lowest MDA (11.30 nmol g-1 FW) were observed in flowers treated with honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid. Control with 48.72 nl l-1h-1 g-1 F.W. had maximum ethylene, and the 200 and 400 mg L-1 citric acid in without sugar, sucrose 4% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid and honey 4% in without citric acid had lowest ethylene production between treatments, respectively. The results showed that the use of honey (2%) and citric acid (400 mg L-1) reduced the bacterial solution, malondialdehyde and ethylene and delays wilting flowers. So cut flowers treated with these compounds is recommended to maintain vase life of cut alstroemeria.