جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توزیع فضایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Equitable spatial distribution of facilities and resources between urban regions, as one of the most important pillars of desirable urban life, is one of the requirements of establishing a dynamic, coherent and progressive society. Considering importance of the issue of equality in the spatial distribution of facilities and its role in human societies, in the present study, we intend to analyze Tabriz metropolitan areas, in terms of development indicators. Therefore, the present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of purpose it is an applied type. Required data collected from statistical yearbook, comprehensive plan of 2011 and 2016 as well as other valid data of urban organizations in the form of 58 important indices including data related to economic, social, physical, welfare components , Educational and environmental. For data analysis we used Shannon entropy, coefficient of variation and Promethee technique for weighting, dispersion analysis and level of determination, respectively. ArcGIS software was also used to display the results on the map. The results of the research indicate that there is no balanced development indicators between the regions of Tabriz. As only regions 5 and 2 have higher levels of Economic, social, welfare, physical, environmental and educational indexes, regions 7,3,1 and 4 are among the deprived regions and region 10 is among the most deprived regions with not having the mentioned indicators. Overall, the research results show that the situation in the regions of Tabriz is not consistent with the balanced spatial distribution and requires proper attention and management.

Nowadays, attention to the safety of the city and its citizens is one of the top priorities of city managers and planners. Planning and designing urban environments and evaluating the role of the city body in reducing urban crime has been the subject of this study. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of proportionality of urban mass and spaces on the quantity of crime occurrence in Behbahan city. Research This research in terms of goal is applied research and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive-analytical based on literature review and field surveys. The statistical population is the collection of crimes of robbery, murder, purse, prostitution and rape, which is occurred in 2015. The required data were obtained by referring to the Behbahan city police stations and aerial photographs taken by the UAV. In order to produce a map of the mass and space of Behbahan from captured images, UAV images were standardized by Agisoft photoScan software and then converted to map by ArcGIS software. Kernel Functions and geostatistical tools from Spatial Analyst Tools were used to perform data analysis of crime rate and spatial analysis. The results showed that the total area of 23,488,034 square meters of the city, the urban mass and space occupy 7.542.299 and 15.973.475 square meters respectively. Therefore, the proportion of the mass to the space in the city is not complied, and the volume of the city's mass and texture is greater than empty spaces, and its focus is on the central part of the city; In a way that the areas around the city and the outskirts of the city constitute vacant spaces. This reflects the heterogeneity of the physical texture of the environment. The proportion of mass and space in the city of Behbahan has not been respected, such that as it progresses to the city outskirts and the empty spaces around the city, the incidence of urban crime is reduced and the highest rate of urban crime occurs in the urban masses and denser textures of the central part of the city. This indicates the influence of environmental texture on the quantity of crime occurring in the city.

This research with the aim of explaining Status of Urban Neighborhoods Enjoy in Access to Services Landuses (Commercial- Services, Educational, Hygienic-Treatment ,Religious- Cultural, Recreation-Sport and Green space) it was taken in the 10th neighnorhoods of Khormoj city. The aim of this study is applied and descriptive-analytic method used in it in which the use of resources for library -documents, analyzed and evaluated the levels of development areas in the study area during the 19 indicators. The spatial distribution of service landuse it was measured utilizing techniques Gray correlation coefficient analysis and Shannon entropy and The results showed that in all the landuse, public services in the city of khourmoj, has no relation to the areas of distribution and this disparate.
The results also showed that the 8th Neighbourhood of Khormoj, In terms of access to services and urban development, has a better position than other areas and neighborhoods 4, 5, 3 and 7, due to a lack of space distribution in public services ,as well as impressive differences with other neighborhoods ,they are in the category of deprived areas.

The concept of a dual society is taken from that of a dual city referring to urban inequality and injustice created by capitalism in space, welfare and urban facilities. So the dual city has symptoms reflecting the socio-spatial inequality existing in the city. One of the social phenomena in the oil cities of Southern Iran have been the creation of a social-space duality. Social duality in Mahshahr has been under the influence of the petrochemical industry. It has been created in various forms, including duality in urban space, urban economy, education, health facilities and cultural and social duality; the main cause of social duality in oil cities, such as Mahshahr is the lack of social vision in the process of the industrialization of oil regions, especially the role of company-town policy in this respect, is considerable. This policy instead of developing local societies, integrating employees into local society and creating a modern city, separates employees from local society, resulting in the creation of a dual local-corporate society.

The city as a city dweller needs to provide standards that poverty is not only one of the most important issues in the world, but also one of the most important domestic problems of all societies, whether wealthy or poor. The extent of poverty, inequality and environmental differences patterns in large metropolises are the results of a dual economy with free market capitalism rule in these cities. Urban spatial structure expansion and incoherent, irrational focus on different parts of the city and its facilities and services, economic development, social inequality in them. Maragheh urban space reflects the socio-economic imbalances and the spatial extent of poverty in the Border areas of the city. Therefore, the present study deals with the analysis of poverty and its spatial distribution based on social, economic and physical components. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is quantitative-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data collection method is documentary-library and based on the data obtained from the statistical blocks of the Population and Housing Census of 2012, Based on 18 indicators in the form of three social, economic and physical components, it has analyzed the spatial distribution of poverty in Maragheh locals. In order to achieve the above goal, urban neighborhoods were graded using Wicker methods and Shannon Entropy and then the poverty distribution map was drawn up. The results show that 11.54% of the neighborhoods in Maragheh are very poor, 26.92% are poor, 42.31% are average, 11.54% are affluent and 7.69% are very wealthy. The results show that there are disparities between the blocks in Maragheh, where crystallization of social, economic, cultural, physical distinctions have been seen, additionally, unequal economic, social and cultural opportunities between residents of Kermanshah were found.

Migration is the most important source of providing the human force for labor markets and the development economies. Thus, the greater and more comprehensive knowledge of migration and its spatial pattern in scientific research and applied planning is necessary.  The goal of this paper is to study the migrant settlement pattern and its changes during 1991-2016. The method used was secondary analysis of 4 period census data during 1991 to 2016. The results showed that the net migration rate in the country experienced some fluctuation during different periods, but the considerable issue in net migration rate was the spatial distribution of this indicator. The central counties of the country such as Karaj, Pakdasht, Isfahan, Semnan and  etc.,  experienced continuously greater immigration, while the counties of the border areas especially west, northwest, southeast areas, have faced by greater emigration. Consistent  with this pattern, the results of the spatial distribution of internal migration also showed that the human settlement patterns during this period, has always been from counties with less population density to the areas with greater population density. And only during the period 2006-2011, the migration pattern showed a weak reverse trend. Consequently, the immigration rate of large counties is still increasing, and in the case of continuation of this trend, the country will face challenges in welfare and services infrastructure, environmental pollution, false employment, and so on.

The spatial analysis of Criminal Offenses illustrates this important point that in some parts of the city, due to the existence of the physical, social, economic and cultural fabrication, the amount of delinquency is high,and in return, some urban spaces are a barrier to criminal prosecution.
The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial organization of social anomalies in Khorramabad city and identify the spatial patterns and facilitators of committing crimes. This research has been carried out to counteract and control the areas infected by these crimes through the use of basic graphics and interpolation techniques and GIS (Geographic Information Systems). In order to identify the spatial patterns of crimes distribution in the city, mean center test, oval standard deviation, clustering test, nearest neighbor indices, and estimation of kernel density have been used. The statistical population of this study was all prisoners (women and men) who were in the central prisons of Khorramabad city in 2015 (in the summer). Given the number of statistical population, 322 people were selected as the sample of offenders.
Based on the findings of the research and analysis of the results, the distribution of crimes and violations is not the same in Khorramabad areas. Based on the results of tests for estimating the kernel density, the average and standard deviation ellipses and nearest neighbor index, the distribution of crimes follow the cluster pattern. This means that the specific ranges of Khorramabad are the focal point of delinquency and follows a centralized pattern and, in contrast to many parts of the city, are considered to be pure areas for committing these crimes.

In Iran, annually, one million people in the country have been migrating in recent years. The paper aims to study of internal migration (between counties) in Iran using spatial approach and explain it in the context of development. We used secondary analysis of 2011 census for 397 counties. Global and local indicators of spatial association, and TOPSIS, GEODA, ARC GIS were used for data analysis. The results showed Iranian counties have different levels of development, as well as, development of counties has spatial structure and cluster distribution. According to the Global Moran's I statistic, crude migration intensity inwards (CMIIj), strongly, and crude migration intensity outwards (CMIOj), poorly, tend to concentrate clusters in space. Local Moran's test results showed that the development, positively with immigration rate and negatively with emigration rate is correlated. Although, the same pattern of relationship is not followed by all counties. The results distinguished four patterns of relationships; high-high (high development-high migration), low-low (low development- low migration), high-low (high development-low migration), and low-high (low development-high migration). And also, the relationship of development and migration is not significant for some of counties. In conclusion, if centralization and unequal development continued, movement and migration flows will continue and even increase in the future.

One of characteristic of developing countries is imbalance and extreme focus on urbanization. Therefore، in order to achieve a suitable pattern rational planning is discussed that aims to identify economic social، cultural inequalities and balance different locations in urban areas. In this regard، it is necessary to identify the shortcomings and deficiencies of the blocks in the determined effort to eliminate disparities. Due to importance of urban poverty spatial distribution analysis، the aim of this paper is to analysis of urban poverty spatial distribution and inequality in census block of Kermanshah city in 2006. Quantitative research methods have been applied in this paper. To measure spatial distribution of poverty in Kermanshah، the census data in 2006، 33 indicators used in the factor analysis methods that have been classified on 4 factors. The results have shown that the coefficient of variance of the first factor (Economic - Physical - cultural - social)، is 38. 95% which is the highest inequality indices، Coefficient between the second factors (economic) and third (economic factors - physical) 32. 96 percent compared with the other indicators are more homogeneous fourth factor (physical) as well as the inequality index - with 38. 81 percent is ranked in second. With integration of 4 factors together، these results were obtained: 1687 blocks، or 21% percent very poor، 1744 Block or 22% percent poor، 2392 blocks or 29% average، 1653 block or 20% affluent، 612 blocks or 8 percent percentages are very affluent. The results show that there are disparities between the blocks in Kermanshah، where crystallization of social، Economic، Cultural، physical distinctions have been seen، additionally، unequal economical، social and cultural opportunities between residents of Kermanshah were found.

The health services and their optimal delivery have a key role in consistent development of regions. Present study aims at investigating the spatial distribution of access to health care among Iranian cities and ranking them in this regard. In this secondary analysis, cluster analysis and Mc Granahan Model were used. There is a great difference among Iranian cities regarding level of access to health services. Tehran’s access is high, access in a few large cities is reasonable, and about 90% of cities are deprived in this regard.

Geographical space Contains our Living environment and activities and crime acts as a Social disturbing factor in it. The present paper aims at exploring The relationship between the environmental variables and the type og crime, the way crimes are distributed, and identifying the hot spots of Isfahan urban areas. All the imprisoned male and female offenders (Isfahan in 2009) were the statistical population of the study. 334 of the population were randomely selected to form the Statistical sample.The findings showed that theft was the most committed crime; most of the crime cases were committed in the residential areas, and there are significant relationships between the following variables: time and type of crime, place and type of crim, population density and number of crimes.