جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Mental Toughness » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this research was the relationship between perfectionism and mental toughness with reaction to failure in male and female athletes of Zanjan city.

The current research was of the type of contextual research and correlation design. The statistical population of all organized male and female athletes of Zanjan city was 8000 people. A statistical sample of 315 athletes was selected by cluster random sampling in G-POWER software. Variables measurement tools included: sports multidimensional perfectionism scale (Gatvales et al. 2010), reactivity to emotional experiences questionnaire (Matau and Nock 2008) and sports mental toughness questionnaire (2010). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation statistical method, as well as the statistical method of regression analysis and analysis of variance with a confidence level of 0.95 and using SPSS version 25 software, and research hypotheses were tested.

Perfectionism and mental toughness with a correlation of 0.095 and mental toughness and reaction to failure with a correlation of 0.065 were at a significant level of P<0.05 and there was no significant relationship. But the components of perfectionism and reaction to failure had a positive and significant relationship with a correlation of 0.344 and a significance level of 0.001.

By decreasing the level of perfectionism, people's emotional reaction to failure also increases, and also by increasing perfectionism, the reaction to failure increases, and if we can adjust the perfectionism of athletes at a favorable level in stressful situations and in stressful competitions, people's emotional reactions.

The purpose of this research was to explain the effect of a mindfulness intervention course on mental toughness, emotional intelligence and flow among skilled volleyball players. The current study is a semi-experimental type and the statistical population consisted of all skilled volleyball players of Tehran University. The research sample was made up of 30 skilled volleyball players of Tehran University who participated in the university team's training. The pre-test included a demographic questionnaire, a 48-question mental toughness questionnaire by Clough et al., an emotional intelligence questionnaire by Lan et al., and also the state scale of flow-2. Then, the statistical sample was randomly divided into two control and intervention groups, and the intervention group did six weeks of mindfulness training, and after that, the mentioned questionnaires were again distributed among all the statistical sample and information was collected. After checking the normality of the data distribution in two groups using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the dependent t-test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences between the intragroup and intergroup averages. The results showed that the effect of mindfulness intervention on the mean difference of mental toughness variable is not significant, but it is significant on the mean difference of emotional intelligence and flow variables (P≥0.05). The effect of mindfulness intervention on emotional intelligence and flow in athletes was positive. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence and flow of athletes in achieving high levels of competition, it is suggested that coaches use mindfulness intervention in athletes with high skill levels to improve these psychological factors.

Introduction and goal: The present of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training on gaze behavior and performance in pressure situation, based on mental toughness.

For this purpose, 6 out of 16 hockey goalkeepers were selected. The research consisted of pre-test, intervention, post-test, and pressure situation. Participants in the test phase received 25 hockey drag flick from a distance of 9 meters. The intervention was performed for three consecutive days (9 blocks of 40 attempts, 25 in total). Participants entered the playing field after receiving video feedback on their quiet eye status and comparing it with the quiet eye of the elite goalkeeper and practiced kicking according to the instructions given. The mobile eye tracking device was used to investigate the gaze behavior. Performance was recorded by checklists and a GoPro camera. Data were analyzed using compound variance analysis 3 (measurement time) × 2 (mental toughness level) to evaluate intervention on gaze behavior and performance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that quiet eye training had a positive effect on gaze behavior and performance improvement in both normal and pressure situation. But there was no significant difference between the groups (high and low mental toughness).

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that exercise affects the gaze behaviors and improved gaze behavior results in better performance under normal and pressure conditions. Higher mental toughness affects performance and the person with the highest mental toughness struggles to reach the goal, the best way to travel under any circumstances. Therefore, optimum gaze behavior may be influenced by high mental toughness, and this requires further research.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the mental Toughness, grit and motivational differences among individual and team athletes.

The present study is a descriptive post-event study with a causal-comparative design according to the purpose of the applied studies and in terms of the nature of the subject. The statistical population of the study included all athletes in Gorgan in individual and team disciplines. Research samples were accessible and selected by stepwise method. The research sample consisted of 116 people including 57 team athletes and 59 individual athletes who were selected by available sampling method and stage. Platter’s sports motivation questionnaire, abortive mental toughness and Duckworth steadfastness questionnaire were used to collect data.

Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that individual athletes are steadfast than athletes in the lower level. Subjective hardiness and components of assurance, stability and control of individual athletes are lower than team athletes. Also, the amount of motivation and components of internal motivation, mixing regulation and self-regulating individual athletes are less than team athletes.

Therefore, it can be concluded that individual athletes are steadfast, mentally stiff and motivational differences are lower than team-mates athletes.

Self-compassion has effects as a powerful source of regulating and controlling the emotional behaviors of athletes. The purpose of the present study was to study the Shafqat program on the mental toughness of basketball athletes. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The participants included 24 basketball players from Zanjan city who were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 experimental (average age: 20.83 ± 1.27) and control (average age: 21.58 ± 1.24)) putting up. The 6-week group was trained in the self-compassion program with various video, audio and written exercises, and the control group did not have any intervention. Data were analyzed through SPSS 24 software and univariate covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.01. The results showed that with pre-test score control, there is a significant difference between the mental toughness scores of the two experimental and control groups. This means that training Self-compassion increases the mental toughness of basketball players.

The present study was conducted to compare perfectionism, mental toughness, and aggression of combat athletes and military commandos.

The statistical sample includes 74 male athletes from Tehran clubs (regions 5, 9, 22) with more than seven years of sports experience in ten combat sports (karate, taekwondo, wushu, kickboxing, boxing, judo, wrestling, Kyokushin, hapkido, Kung Fu). Also, 78 special commandos of the 65th Brigade of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran with more than seven years of experience were selected by random and subjective sampling method. Three standard questionnaires were used: Sports Mental toughness (Golby & Sheard, 2009), Multidimensional Sports Perfectionism-2 (Kalatos et al., 2010), and Competitive Anger and Aggression (Maxwell and Morris, 2007).

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age and sports experience. The findings also showed that the variables of anger, aggression, total anger, personal criteria, importance by mistake, coach pressure, and overall perfectionism of the commando group were significantly higher than the combat athletes' group. However, there was no significant difference between sports mental toughness and its subscales between the two groups.

The present findings emphasize that the psychological variables of this study were not affected by combat sports. However, perhaps the environment, type and severity of training, or personality traits of the commandos caused a higher degree of aggression and perfectionism.

This study examined the mediating effect of cognitive coping strategies and achievement emotions on the relationship between mental toughness and academic lifestyle behaviors among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 288 gifted students (141 male and 147 female) responded to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Revised (Garenofski & Kraaij, 2006), the Health-oriented Academic life-style Questionnaire (Salehzadeh, Shokri & Fathabadi, 2017a), the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Revised (Abdollahpour, 2015) and Mental Toughness Questionnaire-Revised (Wagnall, Donovan, Papa Georgiou, Clough, Parker & Drinkwater, 2019). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed gifted students. Results indicated that for gifted students, the partially mediated model of adaptive and nonadaptive cognitive coping strategies and positive and negative achievement emotions on the relationship between mental toughness academic lifestyle behaviors had good fit to data. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 66% and 61% of the variance in inhibitory and facilitator behaviors, respectively. Therefore, the most important idea derived from the findings of the present study is how educational professionals interested in the field of gifted psychology studies can pursue concerns related to the motivational profile analysis of gifted learners by emphasizing the information power of the emerging positive psychology movement.

Small-sided game (SSG) training can improve the psychological factors and performance of players. A wide range of sports psychology relies on the fact that sports success is also achieved by improving psycho-motor skills. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of small-sided game (SSG) training on mental toughness, physical activity enjoyment, and performance of football players. Using the targeted sampling method, 22 football players were selected. The instruments used in the study were a mental toughness questionnaire, a physical activity enjoyment scale, and football analysis software. The executive protocol also included a four-week training program in small areas (two vs. two, three vs. three, four vs. four, and five vs. five). Results showed that there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of mental toughness. The analysis also showed that the difference between the means in the variables of physical activity enjoyment and players' performance was significant. Therefore, training in small fields can be used to improve the psychological factors and performance of football players.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of grit with mental toughness and emotional intelligence. The statistical population included elite athletes who were invited to the national team. Data collection was performed using the following questionnaires: i) grit questionnaire of Duck Worth et al. (2007), ii) emotional intelligence questionnaire of Bar-On's (2002), and iii) mental toughness questionnaire of Sheard et al. (2009) .According to Spearman correlation coefficient, there is a significant positive correlation between grit and mental toughness (Sig=0.001, t =0.322). The results showed that grit has a significant and positive effect on the mental toughness of athletes (Sig=0.016, t =2.206). Finally, based on (CFI, NFI, IFI) indices, the research model has the necessary fit. Therefore, the grit factor can be suggested to coaches and athletes as one of the factors influencing mental toughness.

Mental toughness can be different for each person according to gender, job and performance level, and people can have different toughness throughout their life. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting happiness and mental health of physical education teachers in Semnan province based on mental toughness.In this descriptive correlational study, among all male and female physical education teachers in Semnan province, 137 teachers were selected as available to participate in the present study. Due to the Corona epidemic, Oxford happiness questionnaire, mental health questionnaire and mental toughness questionnaire were designed online and their link was made available to the participants through mass communication tools. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance.The control and stability subscales of mental toughness predict 35.3% happiness of female teachers and 26.4% happiness of male teachers in Semnan province. Also, the mental toughness stability subscale predicts 38.3% of female teachers' mental health and 20.4% of male teachers' mental health. In addition, there is a negative and significant relationship between happiness and physical complaints, anxiety, aggression and the total score of mental health disorders of female physical education teachers. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between happiness and anxiety and aggression of male physical education teachers. No significant difference was observed between happiness and mental health of male and female physical education teachers. ‎In general, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of the components of mental toughness, happiness and mental health of male and female physical education teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo of talent development environment among adolescent football players and its relationship with mental toughness.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all the adolescent football players of Ahvaz city who were active in the football clubs of this city. Eventually, 181 adolescents with the age range of 12-15 years were selected. The tools used in this research were Talent Development Environment (Martindale et al., 2010) and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaires (Sheard et al., 2009). The data analysis in this study was done by SPSS at significant level P≤0.05. One sample T-Test, Pearson correlation, and regression with Enter method ware used for data analysis.

The results of the research showed the status of the components of the talent development environment of football players is higher than average (except for quality Preparation). In addition, the research showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the talent development environment and mental toughness.

The status of the components of talent development environment showed that there is an eligible condition for the talent development of young football players in Ahvaz city. The position of the qualitative Preparation component at the cutting point also refers to the insignificant attention of coaches and practitioners to provide the necessary guidelines and introduce effective methods to improve and increase the quality of adolescents' performance. In addition, the effect of the talent development environment on mental toughness also confirms the previous findings.

Exercise, like medicine, causes benefits in the performance and health of the body and mind. The aim of this study was to compare Pilates Versus Britonic Exercises on mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory in Menopausal women in Isfahan.
This study was a semi-experimental type and a three-group research design with three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. In order to carry out the research, 45 people were purposefully selected among postmenopausal women who were referred to the Isfahan health center and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Snyder’s Hope Scale (1991), Wechsler memory scale (1987), and Kobasa mental toughness (1989) questionnaires were used to collect information. Two experimental groups (Pilates training program and Britonic training program) performed the exercises as a group during 24 sessions and according to the purpose of the training program. The data were analyzed with the use of repeated-measures analysis of variance.
The results showed that Pilates and Brittonic exercises were effective in increasing all three variables of mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between these two sports exercises (P<0.05).
Pilates and Brittonic exercises are both effective ways to increase mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory in postmenopausal women.

COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Corona Disease Anxiety (CDA) and the role of sport mindfulness and mental toughness in predicting it in bodybuilding athletes. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all bodybuilding athletes in Malayer, from which 267 athletes were selected by convenience sampling method. The CDA, Sport Mindfulness and Mental Toughness scales were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 40.82% of bodybuilding athletes had moderate to severe CDA. The results of stepwise regression showed that sport mindfulness (refocusing) and mental toughness (control and challenge) played a significant role in predicting CDA. According to the results, sports psychologist's attention to psychological problems, especially CDA in bodybuilding athletes in the COVID-19 outbreak is necessary to be able to provide the necessary planning for psychological training based on sport mindfulness and mental toughness to reduce CDA.

Sports injuries are an integral part of sports in all age groups that cause concern among athletes during their careers; On the other hand, today the role of psychological variables in sports and related cases is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of sports injuries based on the mental toughness of young volleyball players.

In this study, 110 young volleyball players in Aligudarz with an average age of 22.24 years, an average weight of 78.43 kg and an average height of 185 cm were selected by purposive sampling. Initially, the baseline data of this study were used to select injured individuals to collect injury information, the Australian Sports Medicine Injury Standard Questionnaire was used to collect common injuries in volleyball. Then, using a 48-item questionnaire related to mental toughness, their mental toughness was measured. In order to describe and classify the information, the mean was used as the central index and the standard deviation was used as the dispersion index. Sample t-test, multivariate linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were also used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 at a significance level of less than five percent.

There is a negative correlation between the rate of sports injuries and mental toughness and the highest correlation score is related to the number of injuries and control in mental strength (r=-0.26) and the lowest correlation is related to the component. The recovery and confidence status (r=0)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of selected psychological skill training (PSTs) on mental toughness, sport commitment and football dribbling skill of youth football players in Mashhad. They were selected as available samples and participated in the present study, as quasi-experimental research with experimental and control group was done in pre and posttests. Subjects were initially asked to answer mental toughness questionnaires and sport commitment. For eight weeks, the experimental group performed specific football dribbling skill exercise along with selected PSTs, and the control group performed only specific dribbling skills exercises. A mixed-design ANOVA and t-test were used. The findings showed at post-test, the experimental group performed better than the control group in all variables. Moreover, the practice of psychological skills improved football dribbling skills. It shown that PSTs had a significant effect on mental toughness and sports commitment and dribbling skill of adolescent football players

The present study was conducted to compare perfectionism, mental toughness, and aggression of combat athletes and military commandos.

The statistical sample includes 74 male athletes from Tehran clubs (regions 5, 9, 22) with more than seven years of sports experience in ten combat sports (karate, taekwondo, wushu, kickboxing, boxing, judo, wrestling, Kyokushin, hapkido, Kung Fu). Also, 78 special commandos of the 65th Brigade of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran with more than seven years of experience were selected by random and subjective sampling method. Three standard questionnaires were used: Sports Mental toughness (Golby & Sheard, 2009), Multidimensional Sports Perfectionism-2 (Kalatos et al., 2010), and Competitive Anger and Aggression (Maxwell and Morris, 2007).

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age and sports experience. The findings also showed that the variables of anger, aggression, total anger, personal criteria, importance by mistake, coach pressure, and overall perfectionism of the commando group were significantly higher than the combat athletes' group. However, there was no significant difference between sports mental toughness and its subscales between the two groups.

The present findings emphasize that the psychological variables of this study were not affected by combat sports. However, perhaps the environment, type and severity of training, or personality traits of the commandos caused a higher degree of aggression and perfectionism.