جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آرد گندم » در نشریات گروه « شیلات »

The extrusion process is widely used in making aquatic feeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extrusion on biochemical analysis, removal of phenolic compounds and protein and carbohydrate digestibility of wheat flour in common carp. In treatments 1, 2 and 3 wheat flour was mixed with tap water at the rate of 250, 100 and 200 ml per kg of flour and then extruded by a single-axis extruder under the temperature of 120, 135 and 120 °C, respectively. Treatment 4 (control) was not subjected to the conditions of dough preparation and then extrusion. Extruding had no significant effect on the amount of crude protein and ash of wheat flour (p>0.05) but it significantly decreased the content of crude lipid, total phenolic compounds and non-tannin phenolic compounds and increased the digestibility of carbohydrate and protein (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the amount of crude protein, crude lipid, ash and non-tannin phenolic compounds in the extruded treatments, but significantly the lowest amount of total phenolic compounds was recorded in treatments 1 and 2. Significantly, the highest carbohydrate digestibility was obtained in treatments 1 and 2, and the highest protein digestibility was observed in treatment 2. In total, treatment 2 (135 °C and 100 ml tap water per kg flour) was recognized as the best extruded wheat flour for common carp.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding the various starch sources on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic, viscerosomatic indexes and some blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Wheat flour, corn and starch by-product from production of wheat gluten used in the extruded fish feed and fed to three hundred fish (average weight 157 ± 1 g) for 60 days, where distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks (300-liter) as a completely randomized design. The results showed that various dietary sources of starch did not impact feed intake, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of fish in the total period. The lowest viscerosomatic index and the highest carcass efficiency of fish were seen by feeding corn extruded feed (P<0.05). Feeding the wheat flour increased the serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05); while, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were not affected by the experimental diet. Overall, corn could be completely replaced with wheat flour, as the main starch source of extruded feed without any adverse effect on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout; while more research is needed to apply the starch by-product from production of wheat gluten in the fish extruded diet.