جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Social Justice » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

One of the geographical spaces that has long been a reflection of the ideology of the ruling systems, and one of the most important intellectual, philosophical, artistic, industrial and productive achievements of human civilizations and societies is the phenomenon of the city, which is both relatively durable and the manifestation of beliefs and values. It is the culture of the society and it affects the human behavior and at the same time it expresses the identity of the society in the eyes of the world and history. The city should create a decent environment for humans. It should also respond to the characteristics of the land, nature, history and the moods of its people and have a suitable answer for the instructions and rules of life. At the same time, it is affected by people's beliefs and opinions. There is a special relationship between Islam and urban life, and the promotion of Islam has been manifested by the development and promotion of urban life. The justice-oriented city and society is one of the issues raised in the field of Islamic thought and thought and one of the distinctive features of the Islamic utopia. In today's world, economic and social inequalities can be seen as a pervasive and expanding phenomenon. Considering the negative effects of unfair and unequal distribution of facilities and services in the formation of ecological, economic, social, physical and cultural injustices, paying attention to the basic principles of Islamic justice in each of the above indicators and components can lay the foundation for the development of Provide balanced and fair and equal distribution of facilities and services in all regions. In this regard, one of the most important issues that Islam relies on is the issue of protecting people's rights and property and generally implementing social justice. Investigating social justice from the perspective of the Islamic city in three economic, social and physical dimensions is the aim of the present study, and in this regard, one hundred and sixteen traditional neighborhoods of Tabriz city have been selected as case samples. The present research is a quantitative research. The research data is secondary and primary and was extracted from the shape file of Tabriz city master plan 2016 and Tabriz population statistical block 2016. The library method was used to collect the information of the present study. Shannon's entropy model was used to weight them, TOPSIS model was used to rank localities, and Moran's index was used to check whether or not there were clusters in the availability of localities at the level of regions. The results show that in terms of the realization of social justice among the neighborhoods of Tabriz city, ostandari alley, valiasr, Golshahr neighborhoods got the first ranks and Ghorbani, Sorkhab and Mofeteh neighborhoods got the last ranks and generally the neighborhoods in the east side have a better situation. Spatial autocorrelation of the level of localities at the level of regions indicates that there is no significant clustering at the level of Tabriz metropolis

The TV series 'Squid Game' takes an east to west perspective in an effort to clarify certain concepts that lawyers encounter, particularly criticism of the capitalist system. This type of criticism is not a new phenomenon, as many critical written works and plays have emerged in response to the global establishment of this system. However, two specific aspects within the realm of public law make this subject more intriguing. Firstly, fundamental criticism has emerged within the framework of the same capitalist system and is being presented on a global scale. This practice is uncommon among the ideologies of the 21st century, highlighting the importance of tolerance and engagement with critics and opponents. Secondly, the social contract, considered a sacred concept that forms the foundation of the modern political and legal system, has been challenged. Specifically, within the various stages of the 'Squid Game', it becomes clear that a social contract, even when formally agreed upon with consent and free will, does not necessarily guarantee any ethical or socially just content. Citizens must consciously consider the conceptual choices that encompass human rights and public liberties when accepting the social contract. It is evident that this approach will face existential and practical challenges in the future. However, the significance of defining the content to advance social justice by citizens during the acceptance of the social contract remains undiminished.

Social justice has always been one of the most critical citizenship rights. Although spatial justice offered new interpretations in urban planning, it has not been comprehensively defined in housing architecture. The purpose of this study is to obtain indigenous definitions and explain the indicators of measuring social justice in Iranian housing architecture. This research has been done to combine qualitative and quantitative methods with the Weighting model of variables with the help of SPSS software and hierarchical analysis. The theoretical approach was based on the indexing method. First, the library-documentary studies, by reviewing the texts and library documents, the different definitions of Eastern and Western philosophers from the concept of social justice have been studied, and related materials have been extracted from reliable sources. In the other part, the views of contemporary Iranian architects regarding the indigenous pattern of Iranian settlement were examined. Then, by a comparative study of spatial justice indicators and critical factors of housing patterns in Iran, the most important factors affecting the measurement of spatial justice in Iranian housing were obtained. Indicators of social justice in Iranian housing were classified into five categories: conceptual, physical, climatic, social-cultural and, visual aesthetics. Physical categories such as symmetry in the plan, geometric form of blocks, variability in the unit area and, the type of proximity of residential blocks have been studied. Conceptual categories were assessed with questions about spatial hierarchy, flexibility within residential units, resident participation, and space security. Environmental and climatic variables were assessed with questions related to light, ventilation and landscape, balcony, area and, variety of common spaces. Social and cultural indicators were assessed by factors such as the existence of shared service spaces, the social interactions in the open spaces of the complexes, privacy, prediction of units and spaces for the disabled, and for the visual factor items such as the variety of block form, use of decorations, Facade and, the effect of building height, uniformity and uniformity of blocks were evaluated. Finally, the criteria were validated through a questionnaire between professors and experts. The results showed: Units' access to sunlight, proper ventilation, and landscape, provision of spaces for the disabled, attention to spatial hierarchy, flexibility and participation of residents in the development of the residential complex and diversity of common spaces, space security, and diverse area are the most important factors in promoting spatial justice in residential architecture and the use of decorations on the facade in social housing received the lowest score. To conclude, while there are several expressions about social justice, we tried to put spatial justice on a scale, which is the scope of architects, with the help of criteria. These indicators can be effective in creating a conceptual model for creating future spaces. This is done to improve the quality of urban life of vulnerable citizens in social housing. In the hope that in addition to creating physical spaces as a shelter, we can further consider social justice, which has a direct impact on increasing citizens' satisfaction.

During different ages, art has always been a part of the human evolution and enhanced the social awareness over or in line with social changes. Emerged from modernism and in reaction to modernity in equality and differences at all sections, postmodernism provided a social basis for critical positions growth against the social domination, power manifestation in culture and modern life experience. One of the most contemporary forms of the art in postmodern societies is an approach with sociopolitical interventions. If the postmodern era was considered a historical-sociological concept in the historical age after modernism, the sociopolitical struggle practice is one of its main features. This form of art is pre-collective form and is of self-representing aspect like social manifests as main players of the social projects. On the one hand, cultural studies resulted from achievements of Frankfort School critical theory in postmodernity plays an important role in revising the political, cultural, social, scientific and art changes in contemporary world which read the upstream and downstream aspects with dialectic relations. Cultural studies focused on power structures and cultural texts such as meaningful culture artifacts using a concentrating method in line with postmodern populism and tendency toward the Frankfort school critical theory. Hence, postmodern art as a riot against modern art rules became the cultural text by change of position, subjectivity, how the work is implemented and change of audience place from passive to active one. Selecting social and political subjects, this art was interested in by cultural studies; in fact, methodological reading of cultural studies took into consideration the sociological aspects of the contemporary art which has been in deep link with cultural politics elements since 1990. Judgment on these aspects needs a model to determine their manifestations. Hence, justice theory formation by John Rawls focuses on freedom and social equality principles and addressing the justice theory at this age means a framework for explaining the cultural studies following which it is helpful in reading the social art works contents of this age. Accordingly, by library information collecting and selecting the images from internet and using descriptive-analytic methodology, aims to recognize the plurality idea in conceptualization of social justices based on art trends (not absolutely) in Shibboleth and domestic tension in postmodern era which is formed as a social action and changes the place of visitor to and experiences audience who receives the artwork in discriminatory place. The result implied that a spectrum of strategic interventions is proposed in postmodern art criticism and revision discourse. Collective aspiration seeks freedom and justice which in fact are revision of social paradoxes in modernity and mostly refer to the rejection of identities like ethnical minorities.Art subject is also a practical entity built in interaction with sociopolitical factors and conditions insisting on contemporary human's responsibility and subjectivity in social form. Therefore, defining the postmodern and justices in this age, cultural studies and postmodern art, this study explains the sociopolitical art sample in contemporary Shibboleth and domestic tension in discrimination related to the art activism.

Acquisition of urban lands with a social justice approach is one of the issues that has been neglected in many urban development projects. In this study, after examining land ownership rights, some important rules related to land ownership in different Western and Islamic perspectives are presented and suggestions are made to increase social justice in the realization of urban property rights. In the present study, due to the nature of the subject, the secondary analysis method and content analysis technique have been used. The findings of the study suggest that in the Western view, liberalism imposes restrictions on the government’s power to expropriate individuals, and argues that expropriation laws are only permissible if they serve the public interest. Results of the analysis of private property laws based on the indicators of justice and property rights in Iran by examining property laws in the relevant documents, in the form of 9 principles, including the participation of stakeholders in the implementation of urban projects in financing public spending, transfer of rights Development to the people, the legality of private expropriation if the public interest takes precedence over private-individual interests, and so on. Among the problems of land expropriation in urban development projects are the weakness of laws in proving the loss of existing owners or comparing the loss of owner and citizens and lack of explanation of the rights of the owner of each plot of land in relation to rules and regulations on how to use and use that property.

User planning of urban land, has been trying to find some methods for better distribution of urban service in its whole lifetime. nowadays more important issues _such as justice which tries to assimilate residents_ has been entered into this science and space justice becomes the foremost subject. The current procedure in urban service distribution, regarding given and specified standards, has used need recognition method and it has been totally need-based and without considering residents’ demands and people’s participation or the same demand-based procedure. Whereas some susceptible urban areas like non-efficient urban context, has sustained more damage and this has led to citizens’ dissatisfaction. This study aims to compare and analyze two kinds of need-based planning considering standards and demand-based planning considering real needs and opinions of residents, and in this way it improves citizens and people’s participation during planning procedure and it tries to elevate social justice and keep residents in their place of living specially in non-efficient urban context. This study is practical and uses descriptive-analytical method to compare the principle of standard-based and the principle of demand-based. Two criteria of urban per capita and standard of access points for the principle of standard-based and residents’ poll for the principle of demand-based have been chosen by questionnaire and analysis in SPSS, and the results have been visualized in GIS by IDW method. The outcomes of this compare, show a significant difference in the view and the results of planning based on urban standards and planning based on people’s opinions.

Providing social justice in cities is one of the important demands of citizens. The research was descriptive-analytic. For this purpose, exploratory studies were carried out in the form of a library and preliminary visit, and field study was carried out using research tools. In this article, first, the purpose of explaining the distribution of per capita use from the perspective of social justice in the worn-out cornness of Kermanshah city was using the Tapsis method and according to the per capita usage in neighborhoods, the score of each neighborhood was obtained. After this stage, considering that the main objective of the paper was to measure citizen's satisfaction with the facilities in the study area, based on the results of the satisfaction questionnaire, the urban management performance was measured and then, using spatial statistics methods such as geographical weight regression, the spatial correlation between The results of spatial development and quality of life were determined by the mental approach. The results of geographical weight regression showed that in the districts of Gomrok, Faizabad, Seyyed Jamal Shomali, Haj Mohammad Taghi and Sarcheshme, there is positive spatial relationship. This means that the spatial development of these areas has a positive effect on improving the quality of life and satisfaction, and increasing the level of justice in these areas will increase the level of satisfaction

It seems at the moment to achieve the modern definition of the concept of civil justice and citizenship; women need new approaches to have some legal conceptions of justice. On the issue of civil justice and citizenship is very important due to several factors: characteristics of rights, non-discrimination, balance, moderation, respect for competencies and entitlements. In addition to these measures focus on education as a means to empower civil justice is very important human development on a massive scale. This means that the quality of education and the distribution of and access to free education in the country is planned and implemented. And yet awareness is also high. Therefore, this article discusses the rule of law, justice and social justice criteria, application and its role in civil justice are women. Has a clearer sense of justice for women to obtain citizenship; and the necessary solutions to achieve this kind of justice to be considered.

Utopia, a place that ensures prosperity and happiness of the person's life. It is always stamped in the humanideals. The desire to create an ideal society in the integration of spiritual and material concepts, has taken variousexpressive statements in the form of thought and civilizations to arise from the text. Utilization of resources andreferences to Islamic principles and values and especially the Holy Quran and tradition of the Prophet and Ali (AS)and infallible narrations can lead us to unique traits and characteristics of Islamic utopia. The Islamic utopia meansthe proper place in life that is recreating acts of God; follow the word of God, shall act establishing objective justiceand appropriate for putting everything in place and creating their own space with appropriate size.The methodology of this paper is based on the documents in the field of social justice and its instances have beendone in architectural and urban issues (city and neighborhood). The structure of research is first on the cognitionof the concept of equity, social justice and the importance of equity in Islamic texts from the viewpoints of utopiathinkers and in the present study, the injustices of the existing cases in elements and contemporary urban spacesand then the realization of social justice in connection with the city and its constituent elements is provided withaspects of the neighborhood and its components.Islam in the realization of social justice goes with the two major principles: Comprehensive unity, proportion,balance and public task between people and communities. To achieve the development of social justice in thecommunity, urban managers need to bind the rights of citizens and balance in the sphere of their lives. The studyof Islamic teachings is provided to identify and develop criteria for community activities, including architecture andurban planning. The most important and most obvious concepts of manifestation of justice in the urban architecturalspaces can be a balance, coordination, size range that is essential their observance not only in the body and urbanspaces, but also keeping all the different aspects of citizens, urban planners and managers are essential. Brieflook at the samples in the works of contemporary urban spaces and neighborhoods indicated a lack of attention tojustice and its instances. Thus the neighborhood as a main member constituting the city can pave the realizationof social justice in their neighborhood by observing the personal and social justice among the inhabitants of theneighborhood and the manifestation of true justice (balance and Coordination) in the neighborhood, spaces andemphasis on the legal rights of individuals and public facilities in urban neighborhoods and local services by localmanagement system. According to this study, this balance in the neighborhoods can be expressed from variousaspects such as special privacy and social privacy, requisite substance and meaning, power of flexibility, selfbalancingin communication within the neighborhood and distribution of neighborhood usages, balance in socialand cultural issues of a specific neighborhood, visual and special balance.... Keywords: Social Justice, Islamic City, Neighborhood, Balance and Coordination

One of the most striking and most important of these virtues and values “social justice” is, if social justice is like the water of life that flows in society, developing talents and bring freshness and vitality of the community. In the field of social justice and individual human is twofold social aspect of it is more important, because human societies will not be consummated unless social justice projects implemented in the community. Methods This cross-sectional study that the tool library studies and research method used. In this paper, the status of justice in the formation of Islamic cities and urban neighborhoods in the city and a few hints about upgrading the Islamic concept of justice is emphasized. The criteria and factors referred to is the manifestation of social justice in urban neighborhoods.

At the present time the main cause of the crisis of human societies rooted in social inequality and lack of justice. What is certain is that people inherently seek to meet their needs is the driving force behind evolution. It is clear that the human is in the pursuit of perfection that social life is causing this evolution.
One effects of possible social life is conflict of interest and abuse the rights of others with profit motivate. This is where the order of nature and wisdom the need for justice for the survival and prosperity of human society becomes necessary. In this regard, social justice can be considered in the design and implementation of the legal system, so that everyone has the right to its intellectual and against the rights, performs duties or responsibilities or accept consequences violation of them. Today it would requires intelligent management of cities based on informed participation of citizens. In this regard, this study intends to use the library studies as a way to collect information and descriptive - analytical research methodology as well as using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to analyze the data for investigating principles and comparing criteria of supportive and cooperative theories as the most important theory of urban planning based on citizen-centric, and compare them with articulated criteria for social justice in order to determine the implementation of each of the theories. The results indicate that, on the one hand, supportive theory principles and standards in line with the standards of social justice compared with cooperative theory is low but on the other hand, level of cooperative criteria implementation in the field of achieving social justice compared with supportive theory is high.

Today urban green space are important elements in the body of the city that with population growth and urban development has invaded other users Amol city although there are many potential environm ental but urban green space per capita is very low in this city. The city is affected by factors such as population growth resulting from the migration of villagers to city, that faced with an imbalance bet ween the number and per capita parks. For this purpose and the physical organization of the city based on social justice, efficiency and environmental quality, was selected the location of parks in this city as the subject of research. First was assessed location of existing city parks. For this purpose In addition study quantitative and qualitative indicators assessment of urban users, was acting to assessment by field of study. Field study using question was perform. For determinig sample amount of study Cochran technique was use and finally analysis of compiled statistics was done by spss software. The other purpose of this study is to location approp riate parks in the city.For this purpose with selecting effective indi cators in location city parks, Was Weighting with use of model AHP And then Was combined the Weight in dicators in GIS environment. Results showed that the distribution pattern of urban green space the Amol city in the current situation is not the appropriate pattern and access time to parks than the standard rate is more.

No doubt، the performance of any plan and design for some of citizens is good and for other citizens who have less social and economic power is bad. From this viewpoint، urban development plans and designs are one of key tools for reduce economic-social discrimination and inequity in distribution of public resources in cities. This important، first was considered by Henri Lefebvre، Manuel Castells and David Harvey and John Rawls in 60th and 70th centuries. Spatial justice Concept is a debatable and variable concept. The issues of spatial justice have proliferated during the past two decades. Researchers of spatial justice dimensions have spanned the social sciences، and their definitions and ambitions have varied، as do the indicators with which they tried to measure the postulated goal. For some، spatial justice is just equal access for the basic public facilities، measured in distance، such as accessibility to school، health facilities or culture events. For others، spatial equity is more ambitious and would include a choice of jobs and a choice of accessible educational institutions. Also، it would include a choice of cultural events، not just a local or regional amateur theatre، for different target groups and different age groups. Liberal thinkers in the definition of justice rather are focusing individual liberty and Eligibility (the difference between individuals)، and Socialism Thinkers on need and equity in the distribution and production. In Islam school، justice is defined based on the right. The justice in Islam، with clear rules and mechanisms، right Deliver to its original owners، and preserve from human dignity (understanding of right-oriented from justice). Spatial justice concept in city has moved from social aspect to distributive justice and finally to spatial concept. Justice-oriented city helps to normative dimension of urban planning. However، the demand for distributive justice is necessary، but it is not sufficient alone. The Because of distributive justice neglect from structural injustice that root in power relationship in society. This theme and viewpoint from spatial justice suggests good city pattern، a city that it not only has distributive equally in resource but it supports from the development of human capabilities for all. Therefore، it is necessary to define a framework for just city. According to the dominant comprehensive-rational paradigm، urban planning in Iran has become in to a tool for domination of the powerful landlords to the city. Urban planners in spite of having of good intentions and the ideal have been taken in position of city enemies and People also turned into illegality anti. In general we can say that urban planning thought in Iran has taken slave of capitalism system and has retreated to functionalism and personal interests. Despite of urban planning retreat، we want to return to a city from normative viewpoint and move to the city-based justice. Thus، explaining a conceptual framework from spatial justice and its application can abundant help to urban planning in Iran. In this way، help to take the Islam teachingscan be very useful. For achieving to this framework، we require to determine the criteria of spatial justice. The criteria of spatial justice are different and those depend on time، place، and political and social condition of society. However، accepting criteria of spatial justice in this study that those were extracted with the logical analysis method and based on Islam academy tenets are: (1) liberty: The active participation of citizensin decision-making، decision-making in urban planning، and also having right of citizens in everyday activities in city، (2) needing: Distribution of city resources and services tailored to the needs of the urban neighborhoods and areas، and any deviation from this distribution is supported by the deprived people of this deviation، (3) the difference: The defending differences in society، (4) eligibility: The criteria referees in the social theme to individuals ability and the geographical environment theme to and the references and potentials of environmental، social، economic and cultural-، (5) public benefit: The criteria focuses on individuals access to services based on their participation level and The main purpose of this criteria is to allow freedom of expression to group differences in cities- and (6) equality of opportunity: the providing equal opportunities for all people in access to city resources and utilities. These criteria show that justice-oriented urban planning refer to issues such as the equitable distribution of services، the right to the city، analysis of power relations، participatory and collaborative planning and so on. Thefindings of the research show that justice-oriented urban planning away from slogan state، it needs to attend to difference in society، to strong noise of low class of society in power relationships، to attend toparticipatory planning and citizens rights. In according to said literature on above، the present research proposals for explaining the concept of spatial justice in Iran urban planning are: expressly authors state that the present proposals in this research aren’t complete. It is hoped that with efforts of urban thinkers and experts، these proposals are completed. It is Necessary to achieve justice in the city، we away from the urban policies of authoritarian and single lecture and we approach to collaborative politics in urban planning. Whereas، dominant paradigm of Urban Planning in Iran is comprehensive- rational planning paradigm، it can’t gain to spatial justice in cities. Therefore، we need to achieve spatial equity and justice in our cities to change our urban planning paradigm from comprehensive rational to justice-oriented urban Planning. Also it is necessary that we attend to values such as right and justice which are not merely given from up to citizens. Those (at least in structural state) aren’t giving، but those are getting. Urban planning theories in Iran neglect from the spatial and social structures in cities and those more focus to the planning process. This approach has been led to urban planning theories in Iran casual. Thus، attention to the urban planning content is important in justice oriented city planning.

Nowadays fast growing population with social and economical challenges brought by cities has created a new form of urbanization. This has made it difficult to provide residents need properly in cities. The main problem of such form of urbanization is in relation to the challenges of equitable access to adequate quality services for all residents. The city of Sanandaj was selected as the case study of this research to assess particularly the social justice situation across the entire socio-spatial structure of the city. Therefore, the dispersion index of Williamson and Morris was used to conduct the field work. In this regard, the distribution of social, economical and physical indicators and residents accessibility has been surveyed across21 districts of the city. Then, the correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship among the level of socio economic statues of the residents and the degree of accessibility to urban services. The results show that there is a significant variation among indicators by household socio economic statues. It means that the pattern of urban land use (services) was mainly in line with the socio economic statues of residents. Those neighborhoods with high level of urban services also contain wealthy economical groups. Eventually this conveys that the spatial structure of the city is not equitable to promote the level of social justice across the whole city.

Social Justice, particularlyits evaluation and assessment, is one of the subjects which despite several studies and pervasive discussions are still considered complex and no agreement has been made on them. The present paper is an attempt to determine a framework for evaluating social justice in urban plans. In order to achieve this goal, some criteria which are derived from two analytical systems based on the theories of John Rawls and David Harvey, have been chosen. Thereafter, Social Justice in the Urban Renovation Plan of Khoobbakht Quarter (in the 15th district of Tehran, Iran) is evaluated according to the criteria. The main problem of the research is whether or not the urban renovation plan of Khoobbakht quarter is just. The most important finding of this study is presenting a system that can evaluate the subject of social justice as a philosophical phenomenon in urban plans. This evaluation can help control the development process and the amount of achievement of justice in the consequence of implementation of the plan. Thus, in assessment of social justice in urban renovation plan of Khoobbakht quarter, findings of this research demonstrate that the plan can’t assure social justice.