جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « equine » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

59 horses with diarrhea and abdominal pain were monitored over a 9-year period (2011-2020). 54% of horses died and others survived. 30% of animals were salmonella positive in bacterial culture. Bacterial isolation was performed on naso-gastric reflux in 2 cases, fecal samples from 9 cases and intestinal contents at necropsy in 7 cases. Before any treatments or death, animals showed clinical signs such as depression, tachycardia and tachypnea. Other symptoms including congested mucous membranes, increased CRT, fever, hypothermia, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nasogastric reflux, ileus, reduced abdominal sounds, and gas distended intestines upon rectal examination were also recorded. Necropsy findings of 20 horses, revealed severe dilation of stomach, gas distention of cecum and colons, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in serosal and mucosal surfaces of small intestine and colons. Pale and enlarged kidneys along with hemorrhagic adrenals were observed. Microscopic examinations revealed severe lesions including: lamina propria and submucosal edema, vascular congestion, large intravascular thrombi, hemorrhages, superficial coagulative necrosis of villi epithelium and mixed inflammatory cell infiltration within lamina propria of cecum and colon. Clinical, macroscopic and histopathological signs of this study were similar to previous studies, and bacterial isolation was used as the most reliable method for diagnosis of involved horses.

Worldwide, horses play a critical role in recreation, food production, transportation, and working animals. Horses roles differ by geographical region and the people's socioeconomic status. However, despite modern advances in transportation, which have in some ways altered humans contact with horses, potential risks for equine zoonotic pathogen transmission to humans occur globally. While previous reports have focused upon individuals or groups of equine pathogens, to our knowledge, a systematic review of equine zoonotic has never been performed. Using PRISMA systematic review guidelines, we searched the English literature and identified 233 previous reports of potential equine zoonoses found in horses. We studied and summarized their findings to identify risk factors that favor disease transmission from horses to humans. These previous reports identified 56 zoonotic pathogens that have been found in horses. Of the 233 articles, 13 involved direct transmission to humans (5.6%). The main potential transmission routes included oral, inhalation, and cutaneous exposures. Pathogens most often manifest in humans through systemic, gastrointestinal, and dermatological signs and symptoms. Furthermore, 16.1% were classified as emerging infectious diseases and thus may be less known to both the equine and human medical community. Sometimes, these infections were severe, leading to human and equine death. While case reports of zoonotic infections directly from horses remain low, there is a high potential for underreporting due to a lack of knowledge among health professionals. Awareness of these zoonotic pathogens, their disease presentation in horses and humans, and their associated risk factors for cross-species infection are essential to public health officials, clinicians, and people with recreational or occupational equid exposure.

Open wounds affecting the distal part of limbs are commonly seen in horses. Due to certain factors, such as limited connective tissue available, potentiated growth of excessive granulation tissue, risk of contamination, and poor response to common treatments, healing of these wounds becomes a major problem for veterinarians on a number of occasions. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) for enhancing wound healing has received a great deal of scientific attention. Among the MSCs, those derived from adipose tissue are frequently used owing to their availability, large number of cells after the primary harvest, and the capacity to differentiate to different cell lines.

The current study aimed to evaluate type 1 and 3 collagen genes expression in horse distal limb wounds treated via adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and its comparison with bone marrow-derived stem cells.

After treatment of the experimental open wounds created in the distal limbs of four horses via autologous MSCs, real-time PCR was used for evaluating and comparing the expression of type I and III collagen genes in the healing wounds.

Significant differences in the expression of type I and III collagen genes were observed between the treatment groups. Despite the fact that the greatest collagen genes expression belonged to bone marrow-derived MSCs, no significant differences were seen with adipose-derived MSCs.

Owing to the advantages and an acceptable performance, adipose-derived MSCs could be considered as a novel approach to enhancing limb wound healing in horses.

Several studies have reported the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of equine musculoskeletal disorders. Bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) are the main sources for isolation of MSCs. Although the MSCs derived from various sources have similarities, certain differences have been reported in terms of biological, proliferative, immunological, and differentiative characteristics. They are also different concerning gene expression profiles. So, comparative gene expression analysis on mRNA level via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is believed to be of great value for better characterization of MSCs from different sources.

Ticks are important ectoparasites in equids which causes economic losses in animal husbandry of Iran and worldwide. This study was aimed to determine frequency and species diversity of hard ticks in equids in Sardasht suburb, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. A total of 240 equids (123 horses, 105 Mules, 12 donkeys) were randomly selected and examined from winter 2017 to winter 2018. The ixodid ticks were collected from body surface of examined animals and identified. Of all examined equids, 27.92% horses, 11.25% Mules and 2.1% donkeys were infested with a total number of 524 ixodid ticks. The highest prevalence of hard ticks was found in ≥3 years-old equids in the region. There was significant difference between prevalence and different age groups of infested animals. Of 524 collected ixodid ticks, tick indices (tick number per animal) were 2.18. Of all examined ticks (524), three genera including Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp .and Dermacentor spp. with four species. i.e. Hyalomma anatolicum (67.74%), H. marginatum (8.01%), Rhipicephalus bursa (21.94%) and Dermacentor marginatus (2.29%) were identified. Ixodid ticks’ infestations occured throughout the year with the highest prevalence in spring (74.42%). There was significant difference between prevalence of hard ticks and seasons in this study. The results revealed that species diversity and ixodid ticks’ infestations were prevalent in the equids, which further studies to investigate the potential tick vectors involved in the transmission of heamoparasites in equids in the region.

The viral diseases can be lead to considerable losses to horse breeding industry. Equine herpesviruses are one of the most important groups of viruses which can cause diseases in horse. In recent years, some of herpesvirus diseases were suspected in Iran. Therefore, the recognition of different aspects of disorders that cause by these viruses can be useful. Five different herpesviruses have been associated with diseases of horses. EHV-1, EHV-3 and EHV-4 are alphaherpesviruses whereas EHV-2 and EHV-5 are gammaherpsviruses. The most epidemiological features of infection with these viruses are similar. For example, they are endemic in horse populations worldwide. Also, there is lifelong latency of infection with periodic reactivation of virus shedding. The disorders cause be equine herpesviruses have various manifestation: Upper respiratory tract disease is caused principally by EHV-4, although disease attributable to EHV-1 occurs. EHV-2 cause respiratory disease, including pneumonia of foals. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is attributable to EHV-5. Abortion is almost always associated with EHV-1, although rare sporadic cases are associated with EHV-4. Perinatal disease of foals is associated with EHV-1. Myeloencephalopathy is associated with EHV-1 and rarely EHV-4. The cause of coital exanthema is EHV-3. The diagnosis of diseases cause by equine herpesviruses can establish by virological tests, i.e. PCR. Although, there is no specific treatment for this group of diseases, the symptomatic and supportive treatment is advisable

Herpes virus infections are ubiquitous in equine populations worldwide, among them equine herpes virus 4 (EHV-4) is one of the major cause of economic losses in equine industry. Infection with equine herpes virus 4 (EHV4) is well recognized as a cause of respiratory disease. Evaluation of prevalence of the EHV4 in horses with clinical signs or history associated with these viruses from four provinces of Iran using the most sensitive method, Real Time PCR Taqman assay. METHODES: Blood samples and nasal swabs were taken from 150 horses with clinical signs or history associated with these viruses from four provinces (Tehran, Golestan, West Azarbaijan and Khuzestan) of Iran. DNA of samples extracted then were used for detection by Real Time PCR. From 150 sampled horses, a total of 18 (12%) were found to be positive for EHV-4. A total of 7 (4.6%) blood samples and 11 (7.3%) nasal swab samples were found to be positive for EHV-4. Out of 47 sampled horses from Golestan province, 45 sampled horses from Khuzestan province, 37 sampled horses from Tehran province and 21 sampled horses from West Azarbaijan, 6 (12.76%), 3 (6.6%), 5 (13.5%) and 4 (19.04%) were positive for EHV-4, respectively. This survey confirm the presence of EHV-4 in these provinces of Iran thus consideration should be given to preventive and control programs to dissemination of these viruses.

Influenza is one of the most important equine respiratory diseases. Two subtypes of equine influenza virus A/equine-1 (H7N7) and A/equine-2 (H3N8) have been identified. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in some provinces of Iran. Blood samples were taken from 290 horses and examined with haemagglutination (HI) test for detection antibodies against to two subtypes: H7N7 and H3N8. According to HI test, antibodies against to H3N8 were detected in 16(5.52%) horses; however, none of them had antibodies against to H7N7. The seroprevalence for H3N8 in the horses in Mazandaran, Hamadan, East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah, was 11.32%, 10.72%, 9.53% and 7.9%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between infection with sex and age of horses. It is concluded that the horses of Iran are infected only with H3N8 and therefore, this should be considered in vaccination to equine influenza virus.

Fibroblasts are one of the important cells in wound healing. These cells create a proper bed for keratinocytes migration and wound contraction.Wound healing in distal limb of horses has complications, such as formation of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT). The main factor in this problem is overgrowing of fibroblasts. The purpose of the present study was to compare fibroblast growth curve in isolated skin from horses’ neck and distal limb. 5 horses with normal hematological and clinical signs were selected. Two samples of full thickness of skin were taken from the neck and lateral metacarpal region of each horse asseptically. Then the samples were washed with PBS minced and placed in ventilated flask 25 cm2. After attaching samples to flask, 5 ml culture medium(RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS) were added and the flask was placed in an incubator at 37°c in 5% CO2. After leaving a sufficient number of cells from tissues adhered to the bottom of the flask, the cells were passaged to a new ventilated flask. After growth and proliferation of cells, they were passaged again and a suspension of cells in culture medium (10000 cells/ml) was maked. To each cell of a 24-well plate, one ml of this suspension was added. After 48 hour, cells of 3 well were detached with tripsin daily, counted and viability determinted within 8 days. There was no significant difference between viable cells number but there was significant difference in viability percent of cells in neck and distal limb. The mean of population doubling time (PDT) for fibroblasts of neck is 31.73 hours and for fibroblasts of distal limb is 26.4 hours. This difference was not significant. With regard to different viability percentage, it seems that the appoptosis in fibroblasts of neck skin is more regular than distal limb skin.

Providing suitable analgesia following diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopic surgeries, that are considered to cause some degree of postoperative pain, is a necessity in equine practice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the equine synovial fluid biochemical and cytological changes as well as clinical assessments of the joint following intra-articular administration of ketamine. Six adult healthy donkeys were selected after clinical examination. Synovial fluid samples were taken from both middle carpal joints after routine preparation. Ketamine 2 mg/kg and 100 mg lidocaine 2% were administered to the right and left joints, respectively. Synovial fluid collection from the joints was performed at 12, 24, 48 and 192 h after medication. Cytological examination, total protein, glucose, specific gravity, alkaline phosphates (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), viscosity and quality of mucin clot were measured. Joint circumference, flexion test and lameness examination, stimulation of the joint skin area and radiographic examination were performed as clinical evaluations. Comparison of treatments was performed by nonparametric sign test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Significance level was set to P≤0.05. In the ketamine group, increased joint circumference, positive flexion test and negative response to the ball-point pressure of the joint skin area were seen, unlike that of lidocaine. Mucin clot quality test and viscosity, the amount of total nucleated cell count (TNCC), mononuclear and neutrophil count, specific gravity, total protein content, ALP, AST and LDH of the ketamine treated joints revealed considerable differences between various sampling times compared to the 0 time and also between the ketamine and lidocaine groups (P>0.05). It was concluded that intra-articular ketamine administration in equine carpal joint resulted in acute inflammatory changes, and failed to demonstrate analgesia; therefore, it is not safe to the joint environment and is not recommended as a local analgesic following arthroscopic surgeries.