مجله تاریخ و تمدن اسلامی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1384)

A lot has been told already about the scientific center of djundishapūr which was founded in 3rd century AD by Shapur I, and evolved into a medical center and college by the 5th century due to the efforts of Khosrow I (Anūshīravān). Current work, is organized in four sections; Introduction, Founding Fathers, Time of Foundation, and Product and Output of djundishapūr before Islam and During Islamic Era and Its Effect on the Cultural Movements of the Muslims. It is aimed to compare and analyze different views expressed up to now and present a more realistic view about its role, especially on cultural development of the Islamic world.

Tūlūnīds were among the small states which were founded during the weakening and disintegration of the Abassids caliphate. Since an efficient bureaucracy is and essential part of every government, Tūlūnīd rulers especially Ahmad and Khomaroyeh, along preserving.

The turk‘s emigrants were influenced by the religions and cultures of other peoples when they left their mother lands and passed of many areas. Shamanism was the foremost belief of turksthat remaind among them for hundreds years. However turksgradually could rule on Islamic world after accepting of Islam, butone can pursue their past beliefs in Islamic times. In this essay, the past religious beliefs of turks before Islam and the ways of Islam spreading was considered.

Sufism in Ādharbaydjān was established later than other Islamic areas for several reasons. However some pre-Islamic Gnostic thoughts are seen in some ot the Sufis opinions. But often the Sufism, which was gentle and tied to religion, was followed by them. This was to. ...

Āmul, in the province of Māzandarān (former Tabaristān), is an old town from pre-Islamic period. She has a long record of being the main political and cultural center on the southern shores of the Caspian. Despite such an antiquitiy, the existing monuments in the town are relatively unconsiderable. The present article intends to discuss causes of destruction of Āmul’s historical buildings and monuments, more particularly those which were destroyed in the early 20th century.

Tarikh -i Islam of late Dr. Ali Akbar Fayyāz (dead 1350 Š/ AD 1971-2) is one of the earliest works on reviewing the history of Islam in modern times. It covers in a thin volume a long stretch of Islamic history since initiation up to the end of Abbasids. The book despite its useful positive points mentioned in publisher’s foreword raises criticism on the chapters dealing with the time of the Prophet (PBUH) and the first four caliphs, which some of them are dealt with in this paper from a historical and ideological point of view and each one is classified according to its subject matter. The main incentive to this work was that the author has presented an unjustifiable strict picture of the prophet, along quoting many shaky accounts which present biased image of the life and deeds of him. So the present work opens with quoting one of these accounts (which in present author’s view) is “one of the harshest accounts quoted about the Prophet and his desciples.