نشریه بصیرت و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1389)

In fact discernment is the result of pinpoint review of all different aspects of an issue and providing a specific discernment about the issue to evaluate it realistically and deeply, so that one would not be doubtful about it. In Imam Ali’s view, discernment with such a deep concept is so elevated. He believes that humankind value highly depends on his discernment. In the meantime, he states that in case faith is accompanied with discernment beam, it can be useful for real believers. With respect to the elevated position of discernment, the present article aims at reaching the principles and factors contributing to establishment of discernment through investigating Imam Ali’s sayings, because acquiring these characteristics which play an important role in human’s destiny is definitely the result of habits penetrated into deep layers of human being’s entity. The result of the research leads the researcher access various fundamentals, of which piety, austerity, reflection and taking lessons are the most important. Piety is in direct relationship with acquiring deep understanding. Unless one sticks to divine guidance, he will not be able to avoid risks and cliffs ahead of him. Therefore, relying on God helps abstinent individuals to benefit from God’s guidance. Austerity is another important factor contributing to discernment. Being fond of the world and being so dependent on it leads one to ignore the reality of the life and disregard all its defects. Thinking paves the road to reach discernment and being guided by God. In case discernment is considered as reaching such a level of understanding to ignore commonplace elements of life but concentrate on it deeply; undoubtedly, taking lessons from our ancestors’ experiences can help us achieve the target.

Mankind is combination of positive and negative aspects; however, he is not dominated by his instinct or environmental and hereditary factors. In other words, he has free will and is educable. Training and cultivation of mankind is one of the most major and the most important objectives of Islam, and it can be seen all over Quran. Islamic training is some sort of training which is offered to the disciple who follows his mentor’s guidance, which is based on Islamic doctrines while satisfying God. Reaching slavery and bondage, becoming pious, practicing righteous deed and avoiding getting involved in secular affairs are among the objectives of the Islamic training. Reaching success in Islamic training requires following some principles and characteristics by instructors evangelists and parents. Some of these principles and characteristics, from the Holy Quran’s viewpoint are annunciation, remembering good points alongside criticisms, introducing alternatives for forbidden deeds, not boycotting the disciple for some errors, avoiding blaming disciple in presence of others, providing the disciple with the possibility of resuming good deeds, prioritizing change in vision rather than change in habit, giving enough time to disciple to improve, prioritizing mercy, and kindness to warning and threat, stating the philosophy and impact of religious instructions, delivering sincere and kind sermons, opposing the bad deed of disciple instead of disciple himself, inefficiency of compulsion and force, and training being a gradual process. Observing these principles by the clergymen active in Aghidati Siyasi Organization of Police, evangelists and even Police commanders will lead to success in religious training of Police staff and functions as guarantor of the need for existence of Police who is ideologist and committed to providing service to the public.

The present article seeks to extract some points, principles and some important training approaches through reviewing and investigating Sadi’s writings with concentration on Gulistan and Boustan. Sadi is among the brilliant stars of the Persian poetry and literature, whose esprit, vision and thought is deeply intermingled with Islamic worldview. Therefore, majority of the training related points in his writings are originated from Islamic prime tradition, especially the Holy Quran and the holy prophet’s traditions. Sadi’s writings are full of phrases used so artistically. The point expresses the importance and necessity of paying attention to his writings and thoughts to be used in training affairs and religious training. The results of the research indicate that Sadi has managed to extract some important moral elements and constituents; and express them in an attractive and artistic way. Meanwhile, it is through benefiting from fine and exotic image making that Sadi composed such nice and eternal writings.

If one considers discernment as wisdom and awareness, then religious discernment can be referred to as wisdom in accompany with belief and inner faith, which leads mankind to lead a proper life. In religious and Qurani doctrines, the issue of discernment is underscored several times, and Muslims are always instructed to achieve discernment and wisdom. Martyr Motahari, as the one who devoted his life to defending discernment and has always stressed the issue of religious discernment and refers to it as a prerequisite for mankind’s flourish and attainment. While stressing the ways of acquiring discernment, Martyr Motahari reviews the damages and its impediments; afterwards makes efforts to lead and instruct Muslims to reach discernment. In his view, it is quite necessary to use religious discernment in cases like “persuading people to do good things and preventing them from bad things”, settling down disturbances, making distinction between right and wrong, ideological wars and constituting revolutions, reaching attainment and flourish and developing targets. He always stresses that mankind’s esprit can reach attainment through religious discernment. The present piece of writing while trying to investigate the concept of discernment and religious cognition looks at religious discernment from Martyr Motahari’s view.

Computer games are chief among the most popular and the most important games of the current age, especially for children. They not only attract children's attention but also pave the road for entertaining them and helping them discharge their excitement through competition, while taking into consideration individual differences. They also help children create natural situations and go through learning processes based on try and error. Meanwhile, through playing computer games, children can display their capabilities and creativity, in addition they can help children enhance their mental imagination, spatial visitation, etc. undoubtedly, improper use of computer games may lead to some undesirable moral, social and physical effects. Therefore, the present research aims at reviewing the undesirable impact of computer games on children from moral instructor's view. The research is of descriptive-survey type. It includes all the moral instructors of guidance schools in two regions of Qom province's education and training office. A self-made questionnaire comprised of 17 locutions in Lickert five levels with validity of 81% is used for collecting information. Descriptive statistical approach (Mean, variance and criteria deviation) and deductive statistics at K score (х2) used for analyzing the data and one-way variance analysis used for making decision about the hypotheses. The finding indicated that the all the research hypotheses are approved by 99%. They also indicated that improper use of computer games entails some undesirable training related impacts on children namely moral, social and mental impacts, and the level of undesirable physical impacts is much more than its social, moral and mental impacts.

Imitating and following righteous person's life, as one of the most important training methods, is accepted and underscored in Islam. In this regard, the Holy Quran chapter Al-Ahzab, verse 21 refers to the Holy prophet of Islam (PBUH) as "role model of goodness". (There has certainly been for you in the messenger of Allah an excellent role model for anyone). Members of the Holy prophet's family have been always considered as of writing aims at reviewing and explaining some tangible training glitters in the behavior of the Holy Prophet family members such as better disagreement, justice, humbleness, lenience toward enemies, etc. it is obvious that applying the traditions of the prophet family members in practical life will lead to prosperity and felicity.

The present research has extracted over 50 various characteristics of mentors and has developed and categorized them in five various fields based on traditions quoted from the members of holy the prophet's family. The findings of the study indicate that being a mentor is a specialty, which requires a set of complex information and skills. Mentors should at least acquire wisdom and insight, practice ability, divine motivation, positive and effective personality, and applying good fundamentals and principles; and become competent. It is worth mentioning that lack of any of the above skills lead to neutralization and abortion of the training based measures and processes. Considering the traditions of the holy prophet (PBUH) and the members of his family and paying attention to all these perceptiveness and comprehensiveness really makes everybody surprised. It also indicates that the gigantic treasure which is the backbone of Shiite reflection is saturated with some valuable training points, which can play an effective role in guidance of applying training and solving problems in training arena in the temporary age. Along with this, the present article offers some recommendations to be used by Aghidati Siyasi clergymen and mentors and police commanders and managers, as well.