Abd al-Ghaffar Najm al-Mulk and his role in the transition from traditional geography to modern geography

In this research, we are trying to survey the role of Najm al-Mulk in transition from traditional to modern geography, with the review of his books and scientific activities in the field of geography. Method/Reaserch Design: Library resources and archival records have been studied. At the same time of establishment of Dar al-Funon, military education, mapping and modern geography began to teach in Iran and after seven years, the first group of students graduated from this academy. Abd al-Ghaffar was one of those graduates who began to teach and write textbooks as the first Iranian teacher of mathematics and geography, along with other foreign teachers in Dar al-Funon for four decades. In additional of teaching, he sponsored numerous educational service. The first scientific census, construction of a jeweled globes, writing the first map of the world, mapping Tehran are the only part of his scientific achievements in various fields of human geography, population, political and natural geography that played important role in the formation and development of new knowledge in geography.