Effect of backward walking training on the maximum muscles tension of the knee and ankle joints during forward walking

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of backward walking training on the maximum tensions of the knee and ankle joints’ muscles during forward walking. Thirty volunteer male university students were divided into control and experimental groups and the subjects of the experimental group participated in a 4-week backward walking training program. Kinematics of the knee and ankle joints of the dominant limb along with the electromyography of their muscles were recorded during forward walking in pre- and post-tests. Maximum muscular tensions of the knee and ankle joints were determined during flexion and extension phases. Results showed backward walking training decreased the maximum tensions of some of the knee extensors and flexors during forward walking. This reduction, that indicates improvement of control mechanisms of the central nervous system to maintain the joint balance, decreases the energy expenditure and delays the muscle fatigue during forward walking.