نشریه مطالعات طب ورزشی
پیاپی 37 (پاییز 1402)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of corrective exercise application and its follow-up on forward head and shoulder angle of smartphone users. So 36 patients with forward head and shoulder posture were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in 24 training sessions, head and shoulder angle were measured using photogrammetry method before and after the exercise period in both groups. Analysis of covariance, bonferroni test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Performing eight weeks of corrective exercise application made a significant difference in the head and shoulder angle of the experimental group (P < 0.05). While in the control group, no significant difference was observed. Moreover, the effect of corrective exercise could be seen after follow up period (4 weeks) in both untrained group and educated group. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that this corrective exercise by application will be effective in head and shoulder alignment of smartphone users. Also, this kind of training can have good durability.

Muscle fatigue can be an effective factor in the occurrence of sports injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute lower limb fatigue on three-dimensional pelvic kinematics and lumbar curvature during unanticipated block among adolescent female volleyball players. In this semi-experimental study, given the inclusion criteria, 16 adolescent female volleyball players were selected through a convenience sampling method. In the pre-test phase, the lumbar curvature of the participants was measured by a flexible ruler, and then each subject performed three unanticipated single leg jump-landing maneuvers and the data was recorded by a motion analysis device. Then the intervention of volleyball-specific lower-limb fatigue protocol was applied and the players were re-evaluated. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the homogeneity of variances, the dependent t-test was used to analyze the data, and MATLAB software used to analyze the kinematic data. The results represented, a significant difference in the increase of anterior tilt and external rotation of the pelvic at the initial contact and the decrease of anterior tilt and increase internal rotation of the pelvic at the peak of landing after applying the fatigue protocol (P≤0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in other kinematic variables (P≥0.05). According to the results, it seems that the kinematic changes observed after applying the lower limb fatigue protocol can increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in volleyball players.

Researches in recent decades show that rehabilitation has a significant effect on the improvement of knee complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the effect of various exercise protocols and the use of support tools on transitional movements’ mechanics in the older adults with knee osteoarthritis between the years of 2003-2023. The current study was a library and systematic review. The search for articles in Persian and English was from the beginning of 2003 to the beginning of march 2023, wich was done in the citation database of Wos, SID, Magiran, Scopus, ISC, PubMed and google scholar. 63 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of one article showed no improvement in pain after performing Pilates exercise protocols. Also, one of the articles showed that training on land and water does not have a significant effect on improving balance in people with osteoarthritis. The results of two researches about taping showed a reduction in pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A review of 7 articles on different types of orthoses showed pain reduction in knee osteoarthritis patients. Also, the study of 3 articles showed that physical activity for patients with knee osteoarthritis with low intensity can improve the pain and symptoms related to knee osteoarthritis. The results show that rehabilitation exercises and continuous use of support tools reduce pain and improve transitional movements’ mechanics in individiuals with knee osteoarthritis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) in combination with neuromuscular exercises (NME) on knee valgus angle, performance and balance of elite martial artists. In this double-blind clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design, 34 martial arts were randomly allocated into two groups: tDCS in combination with NME (n=17) and tDCS (sham) in combination with NME(n=17). In order to determine the dynamic knee valgus, the video of the subjects' moment of landing videos was analyzed with Kinovea software. Lower extremity function was evaluated by four hopping test and balance were evaluated by Y-test. Then, the interventions were implemented for four weeks. After the completion of the interventions, the results of the study were re-examined immediately. Dependent t-test was used for within-group comparisons and independent t-test and covariance analysis were used for between-groups comparisons. The findings showed that NME and tDCS have a significant effect on the valgus angle (P=0.0001), single-hopping (P=0.12), triple-hopping (P=0.13), cross-hopping (P=0.19), 6-meter hopping (P=0.0001), and balance (P=0.004). Also, NME and tDCS (sham) have significant effects on knee valgus (P=0.0001), single-hopping (P=0.83), triple-hopping (P=0.96), crossed-hopping (P=0.53), 6-meter-hopping (P=0.011), and balance (P=0.009). However, there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The statistical findings showed that tDCS probably doesn’t have a significant effect on knee valgus, function, and balance of elite martial artists. however, based on clinical findings tDCS had more effect than Sham on function, so it is recommended that more research should be done in this field.

Evaluating and improving the movement ability and functional fitness of teenagers in sports is one of the methods of injury prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a 6-week breathing control exercise on some functional performance factors of female student athletes.

As a statistical sample, 42 teenage female athletes from Mashhad, aged 15 to 16, who took part in this semi-experimental study with a pre and post-test design were randomly divided into two experimental groups(21 participants) and control groups(21 people). Six sessions of dynamic neuromuscular stability motor control training were administered to participants in the experimental group over six weeks. The Y test, the Davis test, the trunk flexor muscular endurance test, and the vertical jump were used to assess the dynamic control variables of posture, upper limb agility and stability, explosive power, and trunk flexor muscular endurance, respectively. The pre-test and post-test measures were completed in the same environment. After confirming the normality of the data, SPSS statistical software was used to analyze repeated measures using analysis of variance(P<0.05).

the research showed that breathing control exercises on dynamic posture test(P<0.05), the endurance of trunk flexors(P<0.05), agility and stability of upper limbs (P<0.05), and vertical jump(P<0.05) of teenage sports girls had a significant effect.

The findings indicate improvements in all research variable in the experimental group. Therefore, these exercises can be beneficial for participants in enhancing their performance in specialized functional movements, including sports skills, during periods of motor development.

Suitable sports shoes are one of the best available methods to change the biomechanical pattern of running and cause to improve sports performance of athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing the mass of shoes on a selection of mechanical components of running and ankle kinematics of recreational runners. The participants of this study were 12 young men aged 19 to 25 years who had been running for at least one to three days a week for the past six months. To simulate heavy shoes, a 250-gram sandbag was attached to the shoes of the participants. After reflective marker placement, their running pattern was recorded in three dimensions on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km/h in two stages (with and without additional load). The examined components included vertical displacement of the center of mass, angle between the shin and ground, heel whip, heel clearance, angle between foot and ground, dorsi-plantar flexion angle, maximum eversion, and foot pronation velocity. There was a difference of 1.3 cm in the hill clearance component and 1.1 degree in the dorsiplantar flexion angle of heavy shoes compared to light shoes. Based on the results of the research, it seems that using sandbags to increase the mass of the shoe can cause an increase in ankle eversion in recreational runners.