Legal Analysis of Iran s Social Security in Light of the Principles and Patterns of a Desirable Social Security System

Nowadays, social security system is seen as one of the most important mechanisms of social justice, which is shared by all theories of the state, from the liberal state to the welfare state, and even post-welfare states with some differences in the level of importance.
In Iran, states made special attempts to create a social security system by the beginning of modernity. The social security system, in accordance with ILO treaty 102 (1952), constitutes a commitment to society for social and economic harm to provide citizens with advantages and benefits because of income termination or serious reduction caused by illness, pregnancy, job accidents, unemployment, disability, old age, death as well as increase in the cost of treatment and maintenance.The present study by two measures: first, principles dominating desirable social security and its standards; and second, common patterns in executing this system, has a descriptive- analytical approach.
Literature review: In contrary to common belief, legal structure of Iran’s Social Security System has no shortcoming in terms of the imperative principles for a desirable and effective system and the relevant principles, including universality, equality, government support, minimizing the support, comprehensiveness, prevention and empowerment have a strong foothold in Iranian subjective rules.
Moreover,, the status quo can be considered in terms of the selected pattern. Meanwhile, the path of transformation from traditional patterns including saving and intervention and third party guarantee to an incremental path of advanced patterns such as occupation – based and social security general system with general law approaches should be considered. Therefore, the social security system of Iran is not in a disadvantaged state in terms of selecting an appropriate model and in terms of the historical evolution of patterns in the transition from traditional to modern and it is not far from standard systems. The present study can be summarized as follows: the legal system of social security of Iran, as a system that requires, on the one hand, to be in line with the individual’s independence from the state's support , and, on the other hand, to cover and generalize the minimum rights of citizens in the field of desirable social security due to the adoption of universal principles and the selection of appropriate models, is facing many problems in policy-making, regulation and implementation.