Evaluation of bed bugs from the point of view of entomology, clinical signs of contamination and pollution control strategies, especially in military places

The Cimex is a family of small parasitic insects feeding exclusively from the blood of warm blooded animals. The most famous member of this family is Cimex lectolarius, a typical bed bug. In recent years, bed bugs have caused many contaminations that have led to many clinical problems. The problem is a global event, with increasing incidence of contamination reports for the United States, Australia, Europe, Asia and Africa up to 2019. Incomplete practices related to pest management seem to have increased the incidence of bugs. The result of an enormous increase in the number of contamination incidents is that people are increasingly exposed to insects and consequently create various health hazards, especially in military centers where health and safety in these areas are of great importance. Therefore, considering the importance of possible contamination caused by the bed bugs, we decided to employed the most recent content from recent years displayed in valid databases such as PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Embase and DOAJ and published in Elsevier, Willy, ProQuest and Springer collections using existing keywords, study the important aspects of this pest including the biology of the disease, the transmission of pathogens, classification and life stages, changes in sexual conditions and reproduction, alert pheromones, food habits, host search, cumulative behavior and dispersion, clinical complications due to contamination, infectious diseases, various health effects, treatments and control techniques, and suggested strategies for controlling pest infections in the military areas.