Past, present and future state of the carbonate system and acidification in Hengam coral reef in the Persian Gulf

Assuming the possible scenario ICCP RCP8.5, by 2100, the pH of seawater in Hengam coral reef in the Persian Gulf will decrease by 0.46 compared to 1880 (to less than 7.72). Total dissolved inorganic carbon will increase from 2006 to 2263 µmol/kg. The concentration of bicarbonate ions will increase by 24% and the carbonate ions will decrease by 51%. The saturation of calcium carbonate in seawater will be reduced by more than 50 percent, possibly leading to a 38 percent decrease in the calcification rate of Hengam Island corals compared to pre-industrial. Given that the rate of erosion and calcification in the corals of the Persian Gulf is somewhat close, at the end of the century, with the decrease in the rate of calcification and increasing the rate of erosion of corals, an unfortunate outcome awaits the corals of the Persian Gulf.