Research on the Development of Minting of Arab-Sassanid Dirhams, the First Coins of the Islamic World

Arabs did not know the techniques of coin minting at the time of Jahiliyah and at the beginning of Islam, but they accepted the coin in their economic system due to the trade and business position of the city of Mecca, And used the Sassanid silver dirhams, gold solidus and Byzantine copper follies Until the conquest of the lands of Iran and parts of the Byzantine Empire, they also acquired coin minting technology and minted coins by the peoples of those lands. Today, the first Islamic dirhams have been named Arab-Sassanid, which has a high status in terms of research. The numismatics of Arab-Sassanid coins can be a turning point in the coinage of Sassanid and Islamic coins, which, with their study, a lot of information about the process of conquests, conquerors and rulers, political and administrative geography, and … will be gained. But the focal point of this study was to study the evolution of minting these coins from the early moments to the last days, by carefully examining the characteristics of these coins, such as the type of scripts, motifs, dates, mint names and the names of the rulers. As a result, it became clear that at the beginning of the conquest of Iran, some coins were minted with the date of last year of Yazdgird III -the last Sasanian king-, 20 Yazdgirdi (AH 31). After that, the Kufic phraseswere added around it; after some time, Yazdgird's name changed to Khosrow's name. The firstcoins with Arabic names were minted, during the reign of Abdullah ibn Amir, Muawiyah bin Abi-Sufyan and other rulers in Pahlaviscripts (some in Kufic scripts).In these coins, the motifs were still like Sassanid coins,