The art of description in the Kushnameh of Iranshah ibn Abi al-Khair

Description is a tool that the creator of the work uses to highlight in words. In literature, the description is a kind of linguistic preparation with a rhetorical approach by the speaker to visualize and objectify a kind of experience and sometimes the speaker reveals his encounter with the world around him and the world inside him. From the beginning of Persian poetry until now, prominent poets have used description tools in different ways and for different purposes and to different extent in all types of literature (epic, lyrical, didactic and dramatic). In this research, the types of descriptions and its techniques in the epopee of "Kushanameh" by Iranshah ibn Abi Al-Khair (sixth century) are examined.

This research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner. The method of collecting information is also library.

The most important descriptions of this epopee fall into two general categories of epic and lyrical descriptions. Most of the language possibilities that Iranshah has used in his descriptions are first "puns" and then "additional and descriptive compounds". In terms of expressive possibilities, he compares the most frequent array. The metaphors, metaphors, allusions, and other rhetorical techniques in the pamphlet are usually not new or innovative. Apparently, Iranshah"s greatest effort has been to narrate the story clearly. This, of course, has not diminished the strength and glory of the descriptions and language of this work, and it can be considered as having the necessary characteristics of a successful epic work.

Iranshah has tried to use epic elements and motifs in all his descriptions so as not to diminish the epic color of his work. In fact, it can be said that the main element of Kushnameh"s descriptions is epic. People, animals, objects, places, nature, and abstract concepts are some of the things described in this system. Most descriptions are related to the first group, people and human beings; Because this is an epopee of human epics. Also, the description of sunrise and sunset is the most frequent description of Iranshah in the field of nature in this work.