Developing a Resilience Model for SMEs in Crisis: A Mixed Method Approach

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in time of crisis and environmental challenges present resilience as a behavior with the aim of improving performance and coherence. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for resilience of small and medium enterprises in crisis situations. In this study, Covid-19 pandemic was considered as an example of crisis conditions. This study was conducted through a mixed approach. So, for data collection in the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were performed with 36 experts who have experience and knowledge in this field, and in the quantitative stage, a research questionnaire was distributed among 269 participants. Analysis of research data was performed by thematic analysis and structural equation modeling. The results identified the capabilities for resilience of SMEs in crisis situations, which consists of four levels: (1) Individual level includes individual empowerment and development of competencies, (2) The level of the organization, including marketing orientation, strategic orientation, preparation of infrastructure, strict financial system, reform of structures and processes and human resource management, (3) Industry level includes closer customer interactions, competitor monitoring and supplier management, (4) Institutional level, including public sector support and the establishment of supporting associations and community. The model obtained from this study shows that the creation of internal and external capacities and contexts leads to the continuation of SMEs in crisis situations and rapid response to adapt with emerging uncertainties and requirements.