Intertextual types of the Holy Quran in poems by Farid Isfahani (Esfarayeni)

The Holy Quran is always one of the rich and timeless sources that Muslim poets and writers have used. The history of using the Holy Quran in Persian poetry is as long as Iranian Islam. Tanas (intertextuality) is one of the new literary criticism theories that was proposed by Julia Kristeva in the second half of the 20th century. In fact, Tanas is a new term that has old concepts in literature. The present study aims to investigate intertextual types in the poems of Farid Esfahani, one of the lesser-known poets of Saadi's age, using the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that he benefited the most from partial intertextuality that appeared in the form of Quranic words, sentences and phrases. It is also possible to consider indicative intertextuality as one of the most widely used types of intertextuality in his poetry, which is shown in the form of invoking Quranic stories and characters. The poet has rarely used inspirational and conceptual intertextuality.