The difference between reference and causation in Islamic Penal Code 1370 and 1392

The discussion of citation and causation is one of the important issues in criminal law, which has always been a debate and disagreement. The purpose of this article is to investigate the difference between the relationship between citation and causation in the Islamic Penal Code of 1370 and 1392.
This article is descriptive and analytical. The materials and data are also qualitative and data collection has been used.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected.
In the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, if the crime is documented to be the cause and responsibility of the community and the degree of influence of the factors is equal, there is equality in responsibility, and if the degree of influence is different, each of the factors will be responsible according to the degree of the influence of their behavior.. In multiple longitudinal causes, the primary cause is the effect of the guarantor, and in multiple transverse causes, equality prevails in the guarantee.
The change of approach of Islamic Penal Code 2013 is based on the theory of relative guarantee. The fundamental change made in this law compared to the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370 is in the part of community, cause and effect. In this case, the legislator has placed the foundation on customary reference and relative guarantee, based on this rule, the person responsible for the crime and the amount of responsibility is determined.