Notes on Shahnameh (5) In memory of Dr. Shahram Azadiyan (1352-1402)

The topic of this issue of "Notes on Shahnameh" is a discussion about the two words "Dīnāvar" and "Khīshkār". The commentators of the Shahnameh, as far as the author of this essay knows, have not discussed precisely the meaning and recording of these two words, and if some have mentioned them correctly, their opinions have been lost in the incorrect words of others. Dīnāvar is a variant of the word Dīnvar, and  Khīshkār is the same familiar word in Pahlavi books and treatises, meaning "dutiful" and "honest man", and contrary to what some say, it has no relationship with the persian word "Khīsh", the plow a famous agricultural tool, of course. An attempt has been made to substantiate these two points with the evidence of Persian and Pahlavi writings.